scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Obese Mexican Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemlal Nirmalkar ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
María Pizano-Zárate ◽  
Loan Villalobos-Flores ◽  
Cristina García-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Mexican Children

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and accompanied by dyslipidemia and up-regulation of other bioactive molecules, creating a predisposition to endothelial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. We studied the association between gut microbiota diversity and endothelial dysfunction (EDF) markers in obese Mexican children and adolescents. We examined clinical data including metabolic factors and EDF markers in blood samples. Gut bacterial diversity was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of V3-16S rDNA libraries. Triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistant (HOMA-IR), leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and EDF marker intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were significantly higher in obese children and adolescents. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant positive associations between vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and Veillonellaceae, and between ICAM-1 and Ruminococcus in obese children. In obese adolescents, there was a statistically significant positive association between total cholesterol and Ruminococcus, and between ICAM-1 and Bacteroides. LEfSe analysis showed that the genus Lactobacillus and family Coriobacteriaceae were enriched in children, and genera Collinsella and Prevotella were enriched in obese adolescents. Obese children and adolescents had higher levels of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that obese Mexican children and adolescents had increased levels of CRP and a reduction of adiponectin, which causes higher expression of EDF markers, affecting endothelial function and associating with changes in the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Adiponectin in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Its Association with Inflammatory Markers and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4415-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Winer ◽  
Tosca L. Zern ◽  
Sara E. Taksali ◽  
James Dziura ◽  
Anna M. G. Cali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Context: Adiponectin levels are lower in obese children and adolescents, whereas markers of inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines are higher. Hypoadiponectinemia may contribute to the low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory state associated with childhood obesity. Objective: We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototype of inflammation, is related to adiponectin levels independently of insulin resistance and adiposity. Design, Setting, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures: In a multiethnic cohort of 589 obese children and adolescents, we administered a standard oral glucose tolerance test and obtained baseline measurements for adiponectin, plasma lipid profile, CRP, IL-6, and leptin. Results: Stratifying the cohort into quartiles of adiponectin levels and adjusting for potential confounding variables, such as age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index z-score, pubertal status, and insulin sensitivity, the present study revealed that low levels of adiponectin are associated not only with higher CRP levels, but also with components of the metabolic syndrome, such as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high triglyceride-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio. Conclusions: The link between adiponectin levels and a strong marker of inflammation, CRP, is independent of insulin resistance and adiposity in obese children and adolescents. Adiponectin may be one of the signals linking inflammation and obesity. Thus, adiponectin may function as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome in childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Assessment in Obese Children and Adolescents by Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A716-A716
Author(s):  
Giuseppe d’Annunzio ◽  
Roberto Biassoni ◽  
Eddi Di Marco ◽  
Alberto La Valle ◽  
Gianluca Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Gut microbiota has been recently established to play a contributory role in the development and progression of obesity, a multifactorial disease predisposing to several comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the gut microbiota composition by machine learning algorithms in 33 Italian obese children and adolescents. Patients were divided in 3 groups: simple obesity (n=10, mean age 11.6 +3.0, median 10.8), metabolic syndrome (n=16, mean age 13.3+3.0, median 13.5) or Prader Willi syndrome (n=7, mean age 8.3+5.3, median 8.7). Inclusion criteria were living in Northern Italy, born singleton birth, personal history negative for acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases and/or antibiotic or probiotics administration in the previous month. As controls 17 healthy control (mean age 12.0+2.4 median 10.6) were analyzed using the same approach. Statistical analysis for sparse high-throughput sequencing data algorithm (metagenomeSeq) using cumulative sum scaling for data normalization was performed. False discovery rate adjusted p-value using zero-inflated Gaussian fit statistical model (indicated with q). Over all analyses Parasutterella resulted with a q=0.014424, the comparison between obese patients and controls was q=0.021194. In the overall analysis Acidaminococcus intestini showed q=0.039528 while the comparison in pairs of two between metabolic syndrome and controls was q=0.03979. Using the EdgeR algorithm Clostridium bartlettii abundance between Prader Willi patients and controls resulted in q=0.02189. In overall analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens resulted q=6.1528E-17 (using the DESeq2 algorithm); in pairs analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens showed significant difference in Prader Willi patients as compared to obese (q=0.013755) and metabolic syndrome ones (q=0.021898). In overall analysis Veillonellaceae showed a FDR q=0.029303. while its richness resulted more than 150 times higher in metabolic syndrome patients than in controls (q=0.039793 evaluated with DESeq2 algorithm). Among Veillonellaceae descendants, the Veillonella rogosae showed, on the contrary, the lowest abundance in metabolic syndrome patients as compared to other groups. In detail, Veillonella rogosae abundances were 13 (FDR q=0.014566), around 20 times (FDR q=0.010646) and >20 (FDR q=0.0025008) less abundant in metabolic syndrome patients than obese, Prader Willi patients and controls, respectively. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition was found among patients with different degrees of obesity and controls. Further, Prader Willi patients showed a peculiar microbiota assessment.

Abstract P088: Obesity, Hypertension and Insulin Resistance in a Primary Pediatric Setting in Southern Italy

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo De Filippo ◽  
Domenico Rendina ◽  
Domenico Viggiano ◽  
Antonio Fasolino ◽  
Paola Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Campania Region

Background: Obesity is the main risk factor for essential hypertension (EH) in childhood. The O.Si.Me. study (Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in children and adolescents) evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constitutive traits in a sample of obese children and adolescents living in Campania, southern Italy. Patients and methods: Four hundred and fifteen children and adolescents consecutively referred to the National Health Service participating Outpatient Clinics for minor health problems and found to have a Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score > 2.0 were enrolled in the study. The entire sample was screened for MetS, which was defined as the presence of at least 2 of the following alterations in addition to obesity: fasting hyperglycemia, low levels of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and EH. The present analysis evaluated the clinical characteristics of the O.Si.Me subgroup of EH participants (systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 95 th percentile for age, gender and height) as compared with normotensive participants. Results: The prevalence of EH in the O.Si.Me population was 23.6 % (98/415, 48M and 50F.) and two-thirds of the EH participants met the MetS diagnostic criteria. The EH participants featured serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels significantly higher compared with normotensive ones (11.6±0.6 vs. 9.5±0.4 μIU/ml, p = 0.014; 2.6±0.1 vs. 2.2±0.1, p = 0.028 for insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively). These differences were common to boys and girls and remained significant after correction for age, pubertal stage, body weight, length, BMI, gestational age at birth, duration of breastfeeding and anthropometric parental parameters. Accordingly, children and adolescents with EH had a a relative risk of being insulin resistant (defined as a HOMA-IR ≥2.5) significantly greater compared to those without. Moreover, they exhibited higher serum creatinine levels (53.8±7.1 vs. 35.4±6.8 μmol/l, p=0.025) accounting for gender and body weight. Conclusions: More than a quarter of obese children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EH in the Campania region in southern Italy. These obese boys and girls have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and apparently an initial reduction in renal function compared with obese children and adolescents with normal BP.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Italian Obese Children and Adolescents: Stronger Association with Central Fat Depot than with Insulin Sensitivity and Birth Weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Brufani ◽  
Danilo Fintini ◽  
Ugo Giordano ◽  
Alberto Enrico Tozzi ◽  
Fabrizio Barbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Fat Depot

Aim. To evaluate whether body fat distribution, birth weight, and family history for diabetes (FHD) were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents.Methods. A total of 439 Italian obese children and adolescents (5–18 years) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: prepubertal and pubertal. MetS was diagnosed according to the adapted National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Birth weight percentile, central obesity index (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (ISI), and disposition index were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine variables associated with MetS.Results. The prevalence of MetS was 17%, with higher percentage in adolescents than in children (21 versus 12%). In the overall population, central obesity index was a stronger predictor of MetS than insulin sensitivity and low birth weight. When the two groups were considered, central fat depot remained the strongest predictor of MetS, with ISI similarly influencing the probability of MetS in the two groups and birth weight being negatively associated to MetS only in pubertal individuals. Neither FHD nor degree of fatness was a significant predictor of MetS.Conclusion. Simple clinical parameters like increased abdominal adiposity and low birth weight could be useful tools to identify European obese adolescents at risk for metabolic complications.

scholarly journals Adiponectin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in obese children aged 9 to 15 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Frecilia Regina ◽  
Kristellina Tirtamulia ◽  
Sarah Maria Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Mean

Background Childhood obesity is a widespread and growing problem associated with health problems such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. A low􀁗grade chronic inflammatory state, reflected by decreased adiponectin and increased highly sensitive C􀁗reactive  protein (hsCRP) levels, may play a role in metabolic syndrome associated with obesity.Objective To assess and compare adiponectin and hsCRP levels in obese and nonnal weight children.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, case􀁗controlled study in Manado from May to July 2010. Subjects were selected from obese, but otherwise healthy children aged 9-15 years. Control subjects were schoolmates 'With normal body mass index (BMI). We perfonned physical examinations, measured blood pressure, weight and height, and calculated BMI for all subjects. After an overnight fast, all subjects were tested for fasting blood glucose, adiponectin and hsCRP levels.Results The mean adiponectin level in the obese group was 3.6 μg/mL (SD 1.43), lower than that of the normoweight group, 4.8 μg/mL (SD 1.67) (P<0.0001). The mean hsCRP level in the obese group was 3.3 mg/L (SD 3.62) while that of the normoweight group was 0.8 mg/L (SD 1.39) (P<0.0001). There was no inverse correlation between adiponectin and hsCRP levels in obese group (r= 0.048; P= 0.362).Conclusions Lower adiponectin and higher hsCRP levels in the obese group is consistent 'With a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. Other factors that influence adiponecrin and hsCRP production or inflammatory pathways of other adipokines need further evaluation. Early intervention is needed to reduce body weight in obese children.

scholarly journals Urinary Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Are Elevated in Obese Children and Correlate with a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Priscilla Ayine ◽  
Moni Fadamiro ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is a state of chronic low-level inflammation closely associated with oxidative stress. Childhood obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers individually. This study was aimed at determining the association between the biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in urine samples of healthy, overweight, and obese children. Eighty-eight elementary school children aged between 6 and 10 years participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements were measured using WHO recommendations. The biomarkers of low-grade inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP); oxidative stress markers such as 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were analyzed in urine samples. The area under the curve (AUC) by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was analyzed to identify the best urinary biomarker in childhood obesity. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were analyzed to determine the association between the parameters. The obese participants have significantly increased levels of CRP, AGP, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane compared to normal-weight participants. The overweight participants had significantly increased levels of ET-1 and 8-OHdG but not the obese group compared to the NW group. The AUC for urinary CRP (AUC: 0.847, 95% CI: 0.765-0.930; p<0.0001) and 8-isoprostane (AUC: 0.857, 95% CI: 0.783-0.932; p<0.0001) showed a greater area under ROC curves compared to other inflammatory and oxidative markers. The urinary CRP and 8-isoprostane significantly correlated with the obesity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to- height ratio) and ET-1, inflammatory, and oxidative markers. The increased urinary inflammatory markers and 8-isoprostane can serve as a noninvasive benchmark for early detection of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1121-E1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneseh Adeshirlarijaney ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Hao Q. Tran ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Andrew T. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Metformin beneficially impacts several aspects of metabolic syndrome including dysglycemia, obesity, and liver dysfunction, thus making it a widely used frontline treatment for early-stage type 2 diabetes, which is associated with these disorders. Several mechanisms of action for metformin have been proposed, including that it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, possibly as a result of its impact on intestinal microbiota. In accord with this possibility, we observed herein that, in mice with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, metformin impacts the gut microbiota by preventing its encroachment upon the host, a feature of metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. However, the ability of metformin to beneficially impact metabolic syndrome in mice was not markedly altered by reduction or elimination of gut microbiota, achieved by the use of antibiotics or germfree mice. Although reducing or eliminating microbiota by itself suppressed diet-induced dysglycemia, other features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and low-grade inflammation remained suppressed by metformin in the presence or absence of gut microbiota. These results support a role for anti-inflammatory activity of metformin, irrespective of gut microbiota, in driving some of the beneficial impacts of this drug on metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a greater depressive symptom score in a general elderly population: the Hoorn Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. van Sloten ◽  
M. T. Schram ◽  
M. C. Adriaanse ◽  
J. M. Dekker ◽  
G. Nijpels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Amyloid A

BackgroundEndothelial dysfunction (ED), low-grade inflammation (LGI) and oxidative stress (OxS) may be involved in the pathobiology of depression. Previous studies on the association of these processes in depression have yielded contradictory results. We therefore investigated comprehensively, in a population-based cohort study, the association between ED, LGI and OxS on the one hand and depressive symptoms on the other.MethodWe used data from the Hoorn Study and determined biomarkers of ED [flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), von Willebrand factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble thrombomodulin and soluble endothelial selectin], LGI [C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, serum amyloid A, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and sICAM-1] and OxS (oxidized low density lipoprotein and MPO). Depressive symptoms were quantified by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire (n = 493; age 68 years; 49.9% female). Regression analyses were performed with the use of biomarker Z scores. Adjustments were made for age, sex and glucose metabolism status (cohort stratification variables) and prior cardiovascular disease, hypertension, waist-to-hip ratio, cholesterol levels, education level, physical activity, dietary habits, and the use of antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering medication and/or metformin (potential confounders).ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex and glucose metabolism status, one standard deviation increase in the ED Z score was associated with a 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–3.1] higher CES-D score. Additional adjustments did not materially change this result. LGI and OxS were not associated with the CES-D score.ConclusionsED, as quantified by an array of circulating biomarkers and FMD, was independently associated with depressive symptoms. This study supports the hypothesis that ED plays an important role in the pathobiology of depression.

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