scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Functional Characterization of Essence of Chicken as An Ergogenic Aid

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Huang ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Mon-Chien Lee ◽  
Hua-Shuai Li ◽  
Paul Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Essence of chicken is a popular Asian nutritional supplement that is often taken to improve metabolism and general health. Although used as a traditional remedy for combating fatigue and general health, there has been few studies investigating the ergogenic properties of chicken essence and its associated mechanism. We conducted a study to investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant properties of essence of chicken (EC) after exercise. Six weeks old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided to four groups (10 mice/group) and were provided different doses of Essence of Chicken (EC): (1) Vehicle (water), (2) EC-0.5X (558 mg/kg), (3) EC-1X (1117 mg/kg), and (4) EC-2X (2234 mg/kg). EC supplementation could improve endurance and grip strength (p < 0.0001) and it had significant effects on the fatigue-related biochemical markers: ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly lowered, while glucose blood levels and lactate clearance were improved after exercise challenge. Muscle and liver glycogen levels, muscle and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were observed to increase with EC supplementation. Preliminary in vitro data suggests that EC may have a beneficial effect in muscle mass and strength. No abnormalities were observed from pathohistological examination. Our study suggests that the EC could significantly improve exercise performance and endurance capacity and that the anti-oxidant properties of EC may be an important contributing factor to its anti-fatigue effects.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN B6 DEPRIVATION ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
M. E. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism

The results of in vivo and in vitro studies on carbohydrate metabolism in the vitamin-B6-deprived rat are reported. All comparisons were made with pair-fed control animals. Within five days of vitamin B6 restriction, rats have significantly lowered fasting levels of blood sugar and liver glycogen. These abnormalities are more marked after 21 days of deprivation and are accompanied by significantly lowered fasting blood levels of pyruvic acid and lactic acid. The activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, one enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, was measured in vitro and found to be significantly depressed in the vitamin-B6-deprived rat. The conclusion is drawn that an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate occurs in rats deprived of vitamin B6. This abnormality is evident early in the deprivation period.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN B6 DEPRIVATION ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-688
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
M. E. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism

The results of in vivo and in vitro studies on carbohydrate metabolism in the vitamin-B6-deprived rat are reported. All comparisons were made with pair-fed control animals. Within five days of vitamin B6 restriction, rats have significantly lowered fasting levels of blood sugar and liver glycogen. These abnormalities are more marked after 21 days of deprivation and are accompanied by significantly lowered fasting blood levels of pyruvic acid and lactic acid. The activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, one enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, was measured in vitro and found to be significantly depressed in the vitamin-B6-deprived rat. The conclusion is drawn that an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate occurs in rats deprived of vitamin B6. This abnormality is evident early in the deprivation period.

Effects of Heparin Oligosaccharides with High Affinity for Antithrombin III in Experimental Venous Thrombosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Thomas ◽  
Rosemary E Merton ◽  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
L Thunberg ◽  
U Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Very High

SummaryThe in vitro and in vivo characteristics of two oligosaccharide heparin fragments have been compared to those of unfractionated mucosal heparin. A decasaccharide fragment had essentially no activity by APTT or calcium thrombin time assays in vitro, but possessed very high specific activity by anti-Factor Xa assays. When injected into rabbits at doses of up to 80 ¼g/kg, this fragment was relatively ineffective in impairing stasis thrombosis despite producing high blood levels by anti-Xa assays. A 16-18 monosaccharide fragment had even higher specific activity (almost 2000 iu/mg) by chromogenic substrate anti-Xa assay, with minimal activity by APTT. When injected in vivo, this fragment gave low blood levels by APTT, very high anti-Xa levels, and was more effective in preventing thrombosis than the decasaccharide fragment. However, in comparison with unfractionated heparin, the 16-18 monosaccharide fragment was only partially effective in preventing thrombosis, despite producing much higher blood levels by anti-Xa assays.It is concluded that the high-affinity binding of a heparin fragment to antithrombin III does not by itself impair venous thrombogenesis, and that the anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin is only a partial expression of its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Functional identification of ygiP as a positive regulator of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Oshima ◽  
Francis Biville
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
New Members ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inner Membrane Protein ◽  
Tartrate Dehydratase

Functional characterization of unknown genes is currently a major task in biology. The search for gene function involves a combination of various in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. Available knowledge from the study of more than 21 LysR-type regulators in Escherichia coli has facilitated the classification of new members of the family. From sequence similarities and its location on the E. coli chromosome, it is suggested that ygiP encodes a lysR regulator controlling the expression of a neighbouring operon; this operon encodes the two subunits of tartrate dehydratase (TtdA, TtdB) and YgiE, an integral inner-membrane protein possibly involved in tartrate uptake. Expression of tartrate dehydratase, which converts tartrate to oxaloacetate, is required for anaerobic growth on glycerol as carbon source in the presence of tartrate. Here, it has been demonstrated that disruption of ygiP, ttdA or ygjE abolishes tartrate-dependent anaerobic growth on glycerol. It has also been shown that tartrate-dependent induction of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon requires a functional YgiP.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the mazEF Toxin-Antitoxin System in the Pathogenic Bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Wonho Choi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Park ◽  
Hyeok-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cell Growth Inhibition ◽  
The Right

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of various plants which transfers its own DNA (T-DNA) to the host plants. It is used for producing genetically modified plants with this ability. To control T-DNA transfer to the right place, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of A. tumefaciens were used to control the target site of transfer without any unintentional targeting. Here, we describe a toxin-antitoxin system, Atu0939 (mazE-at) and Atu0940 (mazF-at), in the chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The toxin in the TA system has 33.3% identity and 45.5% similarity with MazF in Escherichia coli. The expression of MazF-at caused cell growth inhibition, while cells with MazF-at co-expressed with MazE-at grew normally. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed that MazF-at inhibited protein synthesis by decreasing the cellular mRNA stability. Moreover, the catalytic residue of MazF-at was determined to be the 24th glutamic acid using site-directed mutagenesis. From the results, we concluded that MazF-at is a type II toxin-antitoxin system and a ribosome-independent endoribonuclease. Here, we characterized a TA system in A. tumefaciens whose understanding might help to find its physiological function and to develop further applications.

scholarly journals The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Cancer

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Dachev ◽  
Jana Bryndová ◽  
Milan Jakubek ◽  
Zdeněk Moučka ◽  
Marian Urban
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cancer Agent

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.

Phytochemical and anti-oxidant evaluation of in vitro and in vivo propagated plants of Curculigo orchioides

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Kushalan ◽  
Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha ◽  
Aloysius Khyahrii S ◽  
Smitha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Curculigo Orchioides ◽  
Anti Oxidant
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