scholarly journals Pistachio Consumption Prevents and Improves Lipid Dysmetabolism by Reducing the Lipid Metabolizing Gene Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Terzo ◽  
Gaetano Caldara ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
Giovanni Cassata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
The Impact

Pistachios contain beneficial substances such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and polyphenols. In the present study, we investigated if pistachio consumption is able to prevent or to revert hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipose tissue morphological alterations caused by high fat diet (HFD) in the mouse. Moreover, the impact of pistachio intake on the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid transport proteins (FAT-P), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) in liver and adipose tissue was also analyzed. No change in body weight, food intake, and hyperglycemia was observed between mice consuming pistachios (HFD-P) and HFD mice. Pistachio intake was able to prevent but not to reverse HFD-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Cholesterol plasma levels, steatosis grading, body fat mass, and adipocyte size were significantly lower in HFD-P group compared to HFD in both prevention and reversal protocol. Pistachio-diet was able to prevent HFD-induced overexpression of PPAR-γ, FAS, and SCD1 in the liver and SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, and FAT-P in adipose tissue. Similarly, HFD-P significantly ameliorated the expression levels of FAT-P and SCD1 in the liver and SREBP-1c, FAS, and SCD1 in adipose tissue of obese mice. The present study shows that pistachio consumption is able to prevent and to ameliorate obesity-related dysfunctions by positively modulating the expression of genes linked to lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Chokeberry Extract and Its Active Polyphenols Suppress Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Modulates Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jonghwan Jegal ◽  
Yun Kim ◽  
Jeong-Doo Heo ◽  
Jung-Rae Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

Berries of Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) are known to be a rich source of biologically active polyphenols. In the present study, the effects of seven anti-adipogenic polyphenolic phytochemicals isolated from A. melanocarpa methanol extract on adipogenic transcription factors were investigated. Amygdalin and prunasin were found to inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expressions of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ), C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α), SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and aP2 (adipocyte fatty-acid–binding protein). A. melanocarpa extract-treated (100 or 200 mg/kg/day on body weight) high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice showed significant decreases in body weight, serum triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels and improved insulin sensitivity as compared with HFD controls. This research shows A. melanocarpa extract is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity.

scholarly journals The Antiobesity Effect ofPolygonum aviculareL. Ethanol Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Young Sung ◽  
Taesook Yoon ◽  
Won-Kyung Yang ◽  
Seung Ju Kim ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The antiobesity effects of aP. aviculareethanol extract (PAE) in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice were investigated. The mice were fed an HFD or an HFD supplemented with PAE (400 mg/kg/day) for 6.5 weeks. The increased body weights, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte area as well as serum total triglyceride, leptin, and malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased in PAE-treated HFD-induced obese mice relative to the same measurements in untreated obese mice. Furthermore, PAE significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 in the white adipose tissue of obese mice. In addition, PAE treatment of 3T3-L1 cells inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PAE exerts antiobesity effects in HFD-induced obese mice through the suppression of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and increased antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Phloretin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through regulation of lipogenesis and Sirt1/AMPK signaling in obese mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chian-Jiun Liou ◽  
Shu-Ju Wu ◽  
Szu-Chuan Shen ◽  
Li-Chen Chen ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Phloretin is isolated from apple trees and could increase lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Previous studies have found that phloretin could prevent obesity in mice. In this study, we investigated whether phloretin ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and evaluated the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid to induce lipid accumulation, and then treated with phloretin to evaluate the molecular mechanism of lipogenesis. In another experiment, male C57BL/6 mice were fed normal diet or HFD (60% fat, w/w) for 16 weeks. After the fourth week, mice were treated with or without phloretin by intraperitoneal injection for 12 weeks. Results Phloretin significantly reduced excessive lipid accumulation and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, blocking the expression of fatty acid synthase in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Phloretin increased Sirt1, and phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase to suppress acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression, reducing fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes. Phloretin also reduced body weight and fat weight compared to untreated HFD-fed mice. Phloretin also reduced liver weight and liver lipid accumulation and improved hepatocyte steatosis in obese mice. In liver tissue from obese mice, phloretin suppressed transcription factors of lipogenesis and fatty acid synthase, and increased lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Furthermore, phloretin regulated serum leptin, adiponectin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid levels in obese mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that phloretin improves hepatic steatosis by regulating lipogenesis and the Sirt-1/AMPK pathway in the liver.

scholarly journals Ergosterol Peroxide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Inhibits Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Un Jeong ◽  
Young-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Ergosterol Peroxide

Ergosterol peroxide is a natural compound of the steroid family found in many fungi, and it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral activities. The anti-obesity activity of several edible and medicinal mushrooms has been reported, but the effect of mushroom-derived ergosterol peroxide on obesity has not been studied. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of ergosterol peroxide on the inhibition of triglyceride synthesis at protein and mRNA levels and differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ergosterol peroxide inhibited lipid droplet synthesis of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), the major transcription factors of differentiation, and also the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which promotes the activity of PPARγ, resulting in inhibition of differentiation. It further inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), which are lipogenic factors. In addition, it inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) involved in cell proliferation and activation of early differentiation transcription factors in the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage. As a result, ergosterol peroxide significantly inhibited the synthesis of triglycerides and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and is, therefore, a possibile prophylactic and therapeutic agent for obesity and related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Genistin: A Novel Potent Anti-Adipogenic and Anti-Lipogenic Agent

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yae Rim Choi ◽  
Jaewon Shim ◽  
Min Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Specific Proteins

Soy isoflavones are popular ingredients with anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic properties. The anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic properties of genistein are well-known, but those of genistin and glycitein remain unknown, and those of daidzein are characterized by contrasting data. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and genistin on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was unaffected by genistin and glycitein, but it was affected by 50 and 100 µM genistein and 100 µM daidzein for 48 h. Among the four isoflavones, only 50 and 100 µM genistin and genistein markedly suppressed lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through a similar signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Genistin and genistein suppress adipocyte-specific proteins and genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and adipocyte binding protein 2 (aP2)/fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipogenic enzymes such as ATP citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Both isoflavones also activate AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), an essential factor in adipocyte differentiation, and inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c). These results indicate that genistin is a potent anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic agent.

scholarly journals Gene expressions of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in feline hepatic lipidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
Chiara Valtolina ◽  
Joris H Robben ◽  
Monique E van Wolferen ◽  
Hedwig S Kruitwagen ◽  
Ronald J Corbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate if de novo hepatic lipid synthesis contributes to fatty acid overload in the liver of cats with feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). Methods Lipogenic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ( PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ( PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase ( FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding factor ( SREBF1) were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR in liver tissue of six cats with FHL and compared with the liver tissue of eight healthy cats. Results In liver tissue, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and FASN mRNA expression levels were not significantly different ( P >0.12, P >0.89 and P >0.5, respectively) in the FHL group compared with the control group. SREBF1 gene expression was downregulated around 10-fold in the FHL group vs the control group ( P = 0.039). Conclusions and relevance The downregulation of SREBF1 in the liver tissue of cats with FHL does not support the hypothesis that de novo lipogenesis in the liver is an important pathway of fatty acid accumulation in FHL.

scholarly journals Semen Cuscutae Administration Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Adiposity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Moon ◽  
Min Jin Ha ◽  
Min-Jeong Shin ◽  
Oh Yoen Kim ◽  
Eun Hye Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
No Production ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

Since arginase has been shown to compete with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, emerging evidence has reported that arginase inhibition improves obesity by increasing NO production. Semen cuscutae (SC), which is a well-known Chinese medicine, has multiple biological functions such as anti-oxidant function and immune regulation. In this study, we investigated whether the SC as a natural arginase inhibitor influences hepatic lipid abnormalities and whole-body adiposity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by SC treatment in oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Additionally, SC supplementation substantially lowered HFD-induced increases in arginase activity and weights of liver and visceral fat tissue, while increasing hepatic NO. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), fatty-acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)1, and PPAR-γ2 in HFD-fed mice were significantly attenuated by SC supplementation. Taken together, SC, as a novel natural arginase inhibitor, showed anti-obesity properties by modulating hepatic arginase and NO production and metabolic pathways related to hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism.

scholarly journals Maternal conjugated linoleic acid modulates TAG metabolism in adult rat offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Lavandera ◽  
Carolina D. Gerstner ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Ana C. Fariña ◽  
Marcela A. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Rat Offspring

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might regulate the lipid depots in liver and adipose tissue. As there is an association between maternal nutrition, fat depots and risk of offspring chronic disease, the aim was to investigate the effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG regulation and some inflammatory parameters in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed control (C) or CLA-supplemented (1 %, w/w) diets during 4 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of CLA rats were fed C or CLA diets (CLA/C and CLA/CLA groups, respectively), whereas C male rat offspring were fed a C diet (C/C group) for 9 weeks. Serum TAG levels were increased in the CLA/CLA and CLA/C groups, associated with a reduction of lipoprotein lipase activity and weights of adipose tissue. The liver TAG levels were decreased in the CLA/CLA group, related to a significant reduction of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities, as well as to the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. Even though normal TAG levels were found in the liver of CLA/C rats, a reduction of lipogenesis was also observed. Thus, these results demonstrated a programming effect of CLA on the lipid metabolic pathways leading to a preventive effect on the TAG accretion in adipose tissue and the liver of male rat offspring. This knowledge could be important to develop some dietary strategies leading to a reduced incidence of obesity and fatty acid liver disease in humans.

scholarly journals Combination of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 attenuates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-fed obese mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
S.J. Kim ◽  
S.-I. Choi ◽  
M. Jang ◽  
Y.-A. Jeong ◽  
C.-H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Atrophy

We investigated the anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanisms of action of human-derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231, MG4244, and their combination, in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Administration of the Limosilactobacillus strains decreased body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, and glucose tolerance. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and leptin were reduced, while adiponectin increased. The administration of Limosilactobacillus strains improved the histopathological features of liver tissue, such as hepatic atrophy and inflammatory penetration, and significantly reduced the content of triglyceride in the liver. Limosilactobacillus administration discovered a significant reduction in the size of the adipocytes in the epididymal tissue. Limosilactobacillus treatment significantly reduced the expression of important regulators in lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte-protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase in the epididymal tissue. Also, Limosilactobacillus lowered sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c and FAS in the liver tissue. Such changes in the expression of these regulators in both liver and epididymis tissue were caused by Limosilactobacillus upregulating phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Therefore, we suggest that the use of the combination of L. fermentum MG4231 and MG4244, as probiotics could effectively inhibit adipogenesis and lipogenesis from preventing obesity.

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