scholarly journals The Effect of Place of Residence on Physical Fitness and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in 3–5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: Urban vs. Rural

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Torres-Luque ◽  
Raquel Hernández-García ◽  
Enrique Ortega-Toro ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Ball Bouncing ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of place of residence on physical fitness and adherence to Mediterranean Diet (AMD) in 3–5-year-old children, i.e., whether those who live in urban areas differ than those in rural and whether any difference varied by age. Participants were 363 preschoolers (age 3–5 years old), who performed a series of anthropometric, physical fitness tests and measured their nutritional habits through a 16-item Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED) questionnaire. The main findings of the present study were that (a) boys had better performance in ball bouncing, Medicine Ball Throw Test (MBTT), 25 m sprint, Standing Broad Jump (SBJ), crawling, and shuttle run test (SRT) than girls, and the magnitude of these differences was small; (b) preschoolers in urban residence were taller than those in rural and had better performance in SRT; (c) older preschoolers had larger anthropometric characteristics and better performance than younger preschoolers; (d) the magnitude of the effect of age was larger than the effect of residence; and (e) good AMD was more prevalent in boys than in girls and in 3-year-old participants than in their older peers, but was not related to place of residence. Therefore, these findings identified the need to develop exercise and nutrition intervention programs in preschoolers considering sex, age, and place of residence.

scholarly journals Behaviours involved in the role of victim and aggressor in bullying: Relationship with physical fitness in adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259087
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios Benítez-Sillero ◽  
Diego Corredor-Corredor ◽  
Rosario Ortega-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Córdoba-Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Protective Element ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

Physical fitness is related to well-being and health. Adolescence is a key period in the psychological and social development of the person, in which interpersonal relationships gain strength, being bullying a type of violence that can affect the personality of those involved. At present, there is not enough research to determine the relationships between bullying and physical condition. The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any relationships among physical fitness, victimisation, and aggression in bullying, and to identify these behaviours. This is a descriptive study done in 1035 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.67, SD = 1.49). The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) scale was used, and anthropometric characteristics of weight and height were measured. In addition, physical fitness tests from the Eurofit battery, sit-and-reach, 30-second sit-ups, horizontal jump, manual dynamometry, and 20-meter Multistage Shuttle Run Test (SRT) were included. The relationships between variables were analysed using Spearman correlations, linear regressions, and ordinal regressions. The most relevant findings indicate an inverse relationship between being a victim of bullying and having a better cardiorespiratory cardiovascular endurance. These also show a direct relationship between being a bully and skeletal muscle strength measured through the horizontal jump, 30-second sit-ups, and manual dynamometry tests. Theoretically, we can conclude that physical condition can be considered a predictor to consider in bullying. Specifically, cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to its multiple physical and mental benefits, may be a protective element against bullying victimisation. In contrast, muscular strength, especially in boys, may be an important predictor, especially in the physical component, of aggression in bullying.

scholarly journals Differences in Anthropometry, Biological Age and Physical Fitness Between Young Elite Kayakers and Canoeists

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel López-Plaza ◽  
Fernando Alacid ◽  
José María Muyor ◽  
Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Medicine Ball

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics of youth elite paddlers and to identify the differences between kayakers and canoeists. A total of 171 male paddlers (eighty-nine kayakers and eighty-two canoeists), aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants completed basic anthropometric assessments (body mass, stretch stature, sitting height, body mass index, maturity level, sum of 6 skinfolds and fat mass percentage) as well as a battery of physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, counter movement jump, sit-and-reach and 20 m multi-stage shuttle run tests). The anthropometric results revealed a significantly larger body size (stretch stature and sitting height) and body mass in the kayakers (p < 0.01) as well as a more mature biological status (p = 0.003). The physical fitness level exhibited by the kayakers was likewise significantly greater than that of the canoeists, both in the counter movement jump and estimated VO2max (p < 0.05), as well as in the overhead medicine ball throw and sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01). These findings confirm the more robust and mature profile of youth kayakers that might be associated with the superior fitness level observed and the specific requirements of this sport discipline.

scholarly journals The association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Menghao Sang ◽  
Yanhua Lu ◽  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Background Inhibitory control develops rapidly during the preschool stage, and development of inhibitory control in this period is significant for the healthy growth of the future. However, most studies paid more attention to children and adolescents in recent years, but less focus on preschool children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study, 128 preschool children in Yangpu District of Shanghai were recruited by convenient sampling. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was obtained by adding standard scores of six indicators: body mass index, handgrip strength, standing long jump, one-leg balance, 2×10m shuttle run test, and 20m shuttle run test. Inhibitory control was assessed using the flanker task and reflected by reaction time and accuracy. Results A total of 120 preschoolers were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting the confounders, HPFT was associated with reaction time (β=-2.49ms, 95%CI: -4.22, -0.75). Similarly, a negative association was observed between one-leg balance and reaction time (β=-12.04ms, 95%CI: -18.94, -5.15), and between 20m shuttle run and reaction time (β=-23.28ms, 95%CI: -37.00, -9.56). Compared with the participants in the lowest tertile, HPFT (β=-158.74, 95%CI: -309.63, -7.84), one-leg balance(β=-267.25ms, 95%CI: -420.71, -113.79) and 20m shuttle run (β=-215.58ms, 95%CI: -374.67, -56.49) were all negatively associated with reaction time of those in the highest tertile. Conclusion In addition, there was a non-linear relationship between HPFT and reaction time (β=-3.46ms,95%CI: -5.39, -1.53) when HPFT > 249. In conclusion, in order to improve the inhibitory control, it’s suggested that HPFT of preschoolers should be at least 249.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Provisions of Noncommunicable Disease Services on Health Promotion, Prevention and Control at Primary Health Care: A Case Study from Two Divisions of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Sobhan Pinki ◽  
Irfan Nowroze Noor ◽  
Bayzid Amin ◽  
Md. Ziaul Islam ◽  
Baizid Khoorshid Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Test Measure ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract BackgroundAlthough evidence suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important component associated with future health, little is known of how it is associated with multiple other physical fitness components. Since various physical fitness aspects do not change the same as cardiorespiratory fitness during childhood, it is necessary to establish possible associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness components in children. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to test the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness with motor performance and body size in 7-14-year-old children.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1612 children (52.5% girls). Health-related physical fitness components included: 1) body-mass index (kg/m2) calculated from height and weight (measure of body size), 2) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility), 3) standing long jump (measure of explosive strength), 4) sit-ups in 30 sec (measure of repetitive strength), 5) 10x5 shuttle run test (measure of agility) and 6) 20-m shuttle run test (measure of aerobic capacity). The associations were performed using generalized estimating equations with β coefficients.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with sit-and-reach test (β=0.13, p<0.001), standing long jump (β=0.59, p<0.001), sit-ups in 30 sec (β=0.53, p<0.001) and 10x5 shuttle run test (β=-0.56, p<0.001) in boys. In girls, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with body-mass index (β=-0.12, p<0.001), sit-and-reach test (β=0.21, p<0.001), standing long jump (β=0.25, p<0.001), sit-ups in 30 sec (β=0.36, p<0.001) and 10x5 shuttle run test (β=-0.40, p<0.001). No significant associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and body-mass index in boys were observed.ConclusionsAlthough significant, cardiorespiratory fitness is weakly to moderately associated with other physical fitness components, pointing out that such measure should be tested separately from other aspects of physical fitness in school-aged children.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the agility and flexibility ability of state and national level male players between handball and volleyball of poonch district ( jammu and kashmir).

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Shafqit Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
National Level ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Sports, the most ancient human endeavour, known through ages since the time of Hercules, relates to various form of recreational activities like hunting, shooting, sailing,, outdoor games, athletics, swimming etc .Every society tries to include certain values in younger generation through the medium of sports. Ancient society want to encourage valour, dignity and loyalty to the group. Likewise modern society emphasizes specialization, professionalization and commercialization in the realm of sports also. In the present day scenario “Sports For all” has become a popular slogan all over world. Games and sports are is the specialised field. It requires a specific, scientific, and systematic type of training to increase optimum performance of the player. Each game requires different and specific type of physical fitness, components and training method to develop that components there are five physical fitness components and inter related to each other directly and indirectly each components has its own importance in different  games and sports. Volleyball and Handball required flexibility and agility which influence the performance of the player and game. That is why the purpose of the study was to compare the flexibility and agility between the state and national level players of volleyball and handball of district Poonch( jammu and Kashmir) state. To collect data for this study, total 30 (No 30) subject were selected out of which fifteen(15) from Handball and fifteen from Volleyball discipline in District Poonch of J&K State. The age of the subject were ranged from 15 to 20 years according to the school and college records. Flexibility and agility ability  were selected as dependent variables for the study. Sit and reach test was used to measured flexibility and 10*4 shuttle run test was used to measured agility of the players. These tests were administered after proper ground marking, proper demonstration and  proper warming up of the players. The collected data  were statistically analyzed for significant difference by using independent  test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

scholarly journals The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Lu ◽  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Menghao Sang ◽  
Longkai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited.Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test.Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time.Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.

scholarly journals Is Self-Reported Physical Fitness Useful for Estimating Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents? A Reliability and Validity Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes ◽  
Regina Célia Vilanova-Campelo ◽  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background and objective: The assessment of physical fitness has become a necessary issue in epidemiological studies, since a reduction in fitness is directly associated with early mortality. Therefore, the development of simple, accurate, and inexpensive methods is necessary to measure physical fitness. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the criteria and constructs of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS), Portuguese version, in Brazilian pediatric populations. Methods: A total of 190 children aged 3–10 years and 110 adolescents aged 11–17 years were enrolled in an observational study of reliability and validity. For reliability, the participants completed a questionnaire twice (with an interval of 15 days). To test the criterion validity, we analyzed the agreement between the questionnaire and physical tests (20-m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, standing long jump tests, 4 × 10-m shuttle run test, and back-saver sit and reach test), and the construct validity was estimated by agreement between the questionnaire and high blood pressure. The reliability was analyzed by kappa coefficients. The agreement between the testing and retesting of the questionnaire was evaluated by kappa coefficients. We applied a 2 × 2 table to estimate the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the children was 6.7 years (n = 190), and for the adolescents it was 14.6 years (n = 110). The questionnaire reliability showed an almost perfect score (κ ≥ 0.93 in children and κ ≥ 0.88 in adolescents). The questionnaire showed moderate criterion validity (κ ≥ 0.40 in children and adolescents) as well as moderate construct validity (κ ≥ 0.40) in the components of general conditioning, cardiorespiratory capacity, muscular strength, and speed/agility in children and in the components of cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, and speed/agility in adolescents. The questionnaire was a sensitive method for measuring physical fitness. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the IFIS is a reliable and valid method for measuring physical fitness in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gross Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness in Children: Comparison between Soccer and Multisport Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Popović ◽  
Marko Gušić ◽  
Danilo Radanović ◽  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
Dejan M. Madić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Training Professionals ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The early detection and continuous monitoring of children’s motor competence levels and physical fitness is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in motor coordination of children enrolled in soccer and multisport activities. The participants of this study included 147 boys and girls (mean age 7.60 ± 0.85 years). The total sample of subjects was composed of two subgroups: children who were enrolled in organized exercise programs—multisports (n = 77), and children who were engaged in soccer training (n = 70). Motor coordination was evaluated with the Kiphard–Schilling body coordination test (KTK). Physical fitness was assessed with a 20 m shuttle run test, 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength. The ANCOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with large effect size between groups for tests hopping for height (d = 0.93), total motor quotient (d = 1.31), jumping sideways (d = 1.32), and moving sideways (d = 1.59), after adjusting for age and gender. There were no significant differences between groups in the physical fitness tests. It can be concluded that children enrolled in multisport activities have higher levels of motor coordination than children who are enrolled only in soccer. Therefore, multiple sport training programs should be considered and encouraged by parents, educators, and other training professionals.

scholarly journals Urban vs Rural Factors Associated with Anemia in Haitian School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1470
Author(s):  
Ana Palacios ◽  
Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽  
Lora Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intestinal Worm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Children from urban areas in Haiti have a higher prevalence of anemia vs. rural (71% vs. 51%, respectively). The objective of this study was to identify the mediating factors between urban-rural residence and anemia. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from two clustered randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of a nutrition intervention. A total of 981 children from Cap Haitien, and 300 children from rural areas of the same region were included. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to identify associations with anemia. Models were adjusted for age, school cluster and income. Significant variables were then included in a mediation analysis to explore the relationship between place of residence and child anemia. Results The odds of anemia were 2.35 times greater in children from urban vs. rural areas. Older age was inversely associated with anemia in rural and urban children, [OR = 0.88 95% CI (0.81–0.96)] and [OR 0.93; 95% CI (0.88–1.00)], respectively. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, [OR = 3.41; 95% CI (1.45–7.80)], while households with more adults lowered the odds, [OR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.62–0.98)]. In the urban context, the odds of anemia were greater when intestinal worm morbidities were reported, [OR 1.74; 95% CI (1.13–2.68)]. Among number of adults living in the household, stunting and intestinal helminth morbidities, the latter partially mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence (P = 0.03). Conclusions Younger children are at a higher odds of suffering anemia in both rural and urban contexts. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, while larger households with more adults lowered it. Children with intestinal worm morbidities had a greater odds of anemia in urban locations, and mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence. Findings from this study suggest the need to develop site-specific interventions in Haiti, highlighting the importance of additional, non-nutritional factors of anemia in this population. Funding Sources The original trials received United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Products program FFE-521–2012/034–00.

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