scholarly journals Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Takahashi ◽  
Mamiho Ozaki ◽  
Moon-Il Kang ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽  
Mayuko Fukazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
The Difference

We examined the effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism, including the incretin response and metabolites in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy young men completed two trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60 and 120 min after meal provision in a random order: (1) morning (~0900 h) and (2) evening (~1700 h). The blood metabolome of eight participants was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Postprandial glucose concentrations at 120 min (p = 0.030) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (p = 0.005) at 60 min in the evening trials were higher than those in the morning trials. The incremental area under the curve values of five glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleotide-related metabolites and 18 amino acid-related metabolites were higher in the morning trials than those in the evening trials (p < 0.05). Partial least-squares analysis revealed that the total metabolic change was higher in the morning. Our study demonstrates that a meal in the evening exacerbates the state of postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. In addition, this study provides insight into the difference of incretion and blood metabolites between breakfast and dinner, indicating that the total metabolic responses tends to be higher in the morning.

Postprandial Metabolic Effects of Accelerometer Measured Spontaneous Low-Level Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith C. Peddie ◽  
Claire Cameron ◽  
Nancy Rehrer ◽  
Tracy Perry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Background:Interrupting sedentary time induces improvements in glucose metabolism; however, it is unclear how much activity is required to reduce the negative effects of prolonged sitting.Methods:Sixty-six participants sat continuously for 9 hours except for required bathroom breaks. Participants were fed meal replacement beverages at 60, 240 and 420 min. Blood samples were obtained hourly for 9 hours, with additional samples collected 30 and 45 min after each feeding. Responses were calculated as incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride. Participants wore a triaxial accelerometer and a heart rate monitor. Energy expenditure was estimated using indirect calorimetry.Results:After controlling for age, sex and BMI, every 100 count increase in accelerometer derived total movement was associated with a 0.06 mmol·L-1·9 hours decrease in glucose iAUC (95% CI 0.004–0.1; P = .035), but not associated with changes in insulin or triglyceride iAUC. Every 1 bpm increase in mean heart rate was associated with a 0.76 mmol·L-1·9 hours increase in triglyceride iAUC (95% CI 0.13–1.38).Conclusion:Accelerometer measured movement during periods of prolonged sitting can result in minor improvements in postprandial glucose metabolism, but not lipid metabolism.

Consuming decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar added before a high-glycaemic index meal improves postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-796
Author(s):  
Tommy H. T. Wong ◽  
Jennifer M. F. Wan ◽  
Iris M. Y. Tse ◽  
W. H. Sit ◽  
Jimmy C. Y. Louie
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare the effects of drinking different types of coffee before a high-glycaemic index (GI) meal on postprandial glucose metabolism and to assess the effects of adding milk and sugar into coffee. In this randomised, crossover, acute feeding study, apparently healthy adults (n 21) consumed the test drink followed by a high-GI meal in each session. Different types of coffee (espresso, instant, boiled and decaffeinated, all with milk and sugar) and plain water were tested in separate sessions, while a subset of the participants (n 10) completed extra sessions using black coffees. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and nitrotyrosine between different test drinks were compared using linear mixed models. Results showed that only preloading decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar led to significantly lower glucose incremental AUC (iAUC; 14 % lower, P = 0·001) than water. Preloading black coffees led to greater postprandial glucose iAUC than preloading coffees with milk and sugar added (12–35 % smaller, P < 0·05 for all coffee types). Active GLP-1 and nitrotyrosine levels were not significantly different between test drinks. To conclude, preloading decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar led to a blunted postprandial glycaemic response after a subsequent high-GI meal, while adding milk and sugar into coffee could mitigate the impairment effect of black coffee towards postprandial glucose responses. These findings may partly explain the positive effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Esophageal contractions, bolus transit and perception of transit after swallows of liquid and solid boluses in normal subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juciléia Dalmazo ◽  
Lilian Rose Otoboni Aprile ◽  
Roberto Oliveira Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Esophageal Transit ◽  
Solid Bolus ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Bolus ◽  
Esophageal Contraction

CONTEXT: Esophageal dysphagia is the sensation that the ingested material has a slow transit or blockage in its normal passage to the stomach. It is not always associated with motility or transit alterations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in normal volunteers the possibility of perception of bolus transit through the esophagus after swallows of liquid and solid boluses, the differences in esophageal contraction and transit with these boluses, and the association of transit perception with alteration of esophageal contraction and/or transit. METHODS: The investigation included 11 asymptomatic volunteers, 4 men and 7 women aged 19-58 years. The subjects were evaluated in the sitting position. They performed swallows of the same volume of liquid (isotonic drink) and solid (macaroni) boluses in a random order and in duplicate. After each swallow they were asked about the sensation of bolus passage through the esophagus. Contractions and transit were evaluated simultaneously by solid state manometry and impedance. RESULTS: Perception of bolus transit occurred only with the solid bolus. The amplitude and area under the curve of contractions were higher with swallows of the solid bolus than with swallows of the liquid bolus. The difference was more evident in swallows with no perception of transit (n = 12) than in swallows with perception (n = 10). The total bolus transit time was longer for the solid bolus than for the liquid bolus only with swallows followed by no perception of transit. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the perception of esophageal transit may be the consequence of inadequate adaptation of esophageal transit and contraction to the characteristics of the swallowed bolus.

Effects of High-Fiber Oat and Wheat Cereals on Postprandial Glucose and Lipid Responses in Healthy Men

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki ◽  
Davidson ◽  
Witchger ◽  
Dicklin ◽  
Subbaiah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride

This randomized, crossover study compared the effects of consuming high-fiber oat and wheat cereals on postprandial metabolic profiles in healthy men. Twenty-seven subjects received oat (providing 5.7g/day β-glucan) or wheat (control) cereal products, in random order, incorporated into their usual diets for two weeks. Total energy and fiber (∼14 g/day) contents of the cereals were matched. A meal tolerance test that included the study cereal and a high-fat milkshake (1240 kcal, 105 g fat) was performed at the end of each treatment period. Postprandial insulin and glucose responses over 10 hours did not differ between treatments. Peak triglyceride concentration was lower after oat vs. wheat cereal consumption [2.3 ± 1.2 (mean ± standard deviation) vs. 2.9 ± 1.3 mmol/L, p = 0.016]. Mean area under the triglyceride curve also tended to be lower (15.1 ± 8.2 vs. 17.6 ± 8.6 hours × mmol/L, p = 0.068). The free fatty acid area under the curve was elevated after the oat vs. the wheat products (3.64 ± 0.91 vs. 3.38 ± 0.98 hours × mmol/L, p = 0.018). These results suggest that high-fiber oat cereal influenced postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, which may have implications regarding cardiovascular disease risk.

The effect of the artificial sweeteners on glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Y. Ahmad ◽  
James K. Friel ◽  
Dylan S. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Healthy Participants

This study aimed to determine the effect of pure forms of sucralose and aspartame, in doses reflective of common consumption, on glucose metabolism. Healthy participants consumed pure forms of a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) that were mixed with water and standardized to doses of 14% (0.425 g) of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for aspartame and 20% (0.136 g) of the ADI for sucralose every day for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin. Seventeen participants (10 females and 7 males; age, 24 ± 6.8 years; body mass index, 22.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated in the study. The total area under the curve values of glucose, insulin, active GLP-1 and leptin were similar for the aspartame and sucralose treatment groups compared with the baseline values in healthy participants. There was no change in insulin sensitivity after NNS treatment compared with the baseline values. These findings suggest that daily repeated consumption of pure sucralose or aspartame for 2 weeks had no effect on glucose metabolism among normoglycaemic adults. However, these results need to be tested in studies with longer durations. Novelty Daily consumption of pure aspartame or sucralose for 2 weeks had no effect on glucose metabolism. Daily consumption of pure aspartame or sucralose for 2 weeks had no effect on insulin sensitivity among healthy adults.

scholarly journals Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid-Rich Natto Suppresses Postprandial Blood Glucose Response in the Early Phase after Meals: A Randomized Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Risa Araki ◽  
Takeshi Yamada ◽  
Kazushi Maruo ◽  
Akihiro Araki ◽  
Rena Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Polyglutamic Acid ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
The Difference

We evaluated the suppressive effects of high-gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) natto on postprandial blood glucose level and insulin response. After confirming the eligibility of candidates using a pre-selective test with packaged white rice, a meal loading test including low- or high-γ-PGA natto (with 57.6 mg (LPGA) and 439.6 mg (HPGA) of γ-PGA, respectively) was conducted in men aged 20 to 70 years (n = 29) and postmenopausal women aged ≤70 years (n = 7). On each examination day, blood samples were obtained after they fasted overnight and for 120 min after test meal loading. The primary outcome of this study was the difference between the measurements of the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for blood glucose 0 to 30 min after loading of LPGA and HPGA meals. The IAUCs for blood glucose and insulin after the HPGA meal were lower than those after the LPGA meal within 45 min (0 to 15 and 0 to 30 min: p < 0.001, 0 to 45 min: p < 0.01) and 1 h (all p < 0.001) of loading, respectively. The suppressive effects of HPGA natto on postprandial glucose response in the early phase, which possibly relates to the risk of dysglycemia and cardiovascular disease, were clarified.

scholarly journals Validity of an Abbreviated, Clinically Feasible Test for Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Sciarrillo ◽  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Stephanie Kurti ◽  
Sam Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Fat Meal

Background: A large post-meal triglyceride (TG) response is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but postprandial lipemia assessments are not clinically practical in their current form. Therefore, we assessed the validity of an abbreviated, clinically feasible protocol in measuring postprandial lipemia. Method: Eighteen healthy adults (8 male and 10 female) completed 3 high-fat meal trials in random order: (1) a Standard in Lab (SL) protocol wherein blood draws (to determine TG) were made from a catheter at baseline and hourly for 6 h; (2) an Abbreviated in Lab (AL) protocol in which participants remained in the laboratory but blood draws were only made at baseline and 4 h post-meal; and (3) an Abbreviated with Freedom (AF) protocol in which participants vacated the laboratory between the meal and the 4-h blood draw. Results: TG increase from baseline was very similar (p = 0.93) across the 3 trials (SL: 68.5 ± 62.7 mg/dL; AL: 71.1 ± 58.0 mg/dL; AF: 66.7 ± 46.4 mg/dL), as were 4-h TG levels (SL: 144.6 ± 84.2 mg/dL; AL: 171.4 ± 88.2 mg/dL; AF: 157.7 ± 76.7 mg/dL; p = 0.49). Similarly, total and incremental area under the curve (AUC) were not significantly different across the trials (p = 0.12 and 0.91, respectively). Conclusion: The TG results of the clinically feasible, abbreviated protocol were similar to those of the more exhaustive standard protocol. The AF protocol could be a valid and feasible clinical tool for measurement of postprandial lipemia and assessment of cardiovascular risk, although studies in larger and more diverse cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Fiona S. Atkinson ◽  
Gabriella A. Heruc ◽  
Verena M. H. Tan ◽  
Peter Petocz ◽  
Jennie C. Brand-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Standard Breakfast ◽  
Insulin Responses

Fasting for over 24 h is associated with worsening glucose tolerance, but the effect of extending the overnight fast period (a form of time-restricted feeding) on acute metabolic responses and insulin sensitivity is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the acute impact of an increased fasting period on postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and acute insulin sensitivity responses to a standard meal. Twenty-four lean, young, healthy adults (12 males, 12 females) consumed a standard breakfast after an overnight fast of 12, 14, and 16 h. Each fast duration was repeated on three separate occasions (3 × 3) in random order. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were measured at regular intervals over 2 h and quantified as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostatic modelling assessment (HOMA). After 2 h, ad libitum food intake at a buffet meal was recorded. In females, but not males, insulin sensitivity improved (HOMA%S +35%, p = 0.016, marginally significant) with longer fast duration (16 h vs. 12 h), but paradoxically, postprandial glycaemia was higher (glucose iAUC +37%, p = 0.002). Overall, males showed no differences in glucose or insulin homeostasis. Both sexes consumed more energy (+28%) at the subsequent meal (16 h vs. 12 h). Delaying the first meal of the day by 4 h by extending the fasting period may have adverse metabolic effects in young, healthy, adult females, but not males.

scholarly journals Postdinner resistance exercise improves postprandial risk factors more effectively than predinner resistance exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Heden ◽  
Nathan C. Winn ◽  
Andrea Mari ◽  
Frank W. Booth ◽  
R. Scott Rector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose

Abnormally elevated postprandial glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. The most effective time to exercise to lower postprandial glucose and TAG concentrations is unknown. Thus the aim of this study was to determine what time is more effective, either pre- or postdinner resistance exercise (RE), at improving postprandial risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thirteen obese patients with type 2 diabetes completed three trials in a random order in which they consumed a dinner meal with 1) no RE (NoRE), 2) predinner RE (RE → M), and 3) postdinner RE beginning 45 min after dinner (M → RE). Clinical outcome measures included postprandial glucose and TAG concentrations. In addition, postprandial acetaminophen (gastric emptying), endocrine responses, free fatty acids, and β-cell function (mathematical modeling) were measured to determine whether these factors were related to changes in glucose and TAG. The TAG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was ∼92% lower ( P ≤ 0.02) during M → RE compared with NoRE and RE → M, an effect due in part to lower very-low-density lipoprotein-1 TAG concentrations. The glucose iAUC was reduced ( P = 0.02) by ∼18 and 30% during the RE → M and M → RE trials, respectively, compared with NoRE, with no difference between RE trials. RE → M and M → RE reduced the insulin iAUC by 35 and 48%, respectively, compared with NoRE ( P < 0.01). The glucagon-like peptide-1 iAUC was ∼50% lower ( P ≤ 0.02) during M → RE compared with NoRE and RE → M. Given that predinner RE only improves postprandial glucose concentrations, whereas postdinner RE improves both postprandial glucose and TAG concentrations, postdinner RE may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease more effectively.

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