Assessment of Nutrient and Food Group Intakes across Sex, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in an Urban Brazilian Population

Alessandra Sousa; Teresa da Costa

doi:10.3390/nu10111714

Assessment of Nutrient and Food Group Intakes across Sex, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in an Urban Brazilian Population

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111714 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1714 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alessandra Sousa ◽

Teresa da Costa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Food Group ◽

State University ◽

Food Groups ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Physically Active ◽

Daily Serving

The burden of preventable diet-related diseases is significant and becoming worse. Thus, accurately assessing food intake is crucial to guide public health policies and actions. Using food dietary recalls, we evaluated usual dietary intake according to physical activity and nutritional status in an adult urban population from Brasília, Brazil. The usual nutrient and energy intakes distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University (ISU) method. Energy and nutrient intakes were stratified by gender, age group, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity (PA). The prevalence of inadequate intake was highest for vitamins E and D. Both men and women had excessive sodium intake. The percentage of intakes below daily serving recommendations for food groups were 96% for cereals, 74% for vegetables, and 87% for dairy products, whereas percentage of intakes above daily serving recommendations were 97% for meat, 93% for pulses, and 99% for fat/oils. Energy and nutrient intakes were highest in overweight and physically active individuals within the categories of BMI and physical activity, respectively. Our study found that high-income urban Brazilians consume large quantities of meat, beans, fat/oils, and exhibit a low prevalence of nutrient inadequacies but have excessive sodium intake. Energy and nutrient intakes are highest among men, as well as overweight and physically active individuals.

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Effect of obesity-linked FTO rs9939609 variant on physical activity and dietary patterns in physically active men and women

10.1101/091728 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan R. West ◽

James Dorling ◽

Alice E. Thackray ◽

Samantha E. Decombel ◽

David J. Stensel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Allele ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Physically Active ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cognitive Restraint ◽

Risk Variants ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo examine physical activity and dietary patterns in physically active individuals carrying different risk variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).MethodsA total of 528 white men and women (mean (SD): 34.9(9.5) years, 26.6(4.3) kg·m-2) were genotyped for FTO rs9939609 SNP. Sex, age and anthropometric measurements (stature, body mass, waist circumference) were self-reported using an online questionnaire, and body mass index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. Physical activity level and eating behaviour were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), respectively.ResultsBody mass, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were not significantly different between individuals carrying different FTO rs9939609 risk variants (all P≥0.66). The cohort was physically active (4516(3043) total MET min·week-1), although risk allele carriers (AT/AA) reported higher total physical activity (effect size = 0.22, p=0.03), and homozygous risk allele carriers (AA) displayed higher TFEQ cognitive restraint (effect size = 0.33, p=0.03) compared with non-risk allele carriers (TT).ConclusionsObesity-related parameters were not different in physically active individuals carrying different risk variants of FTO rs9939609, but higher physical activity and cognitive restraint in risk allele carriers may reduce genetic predisposition to weight gain.

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Physical activity, but not body mass index, predicts less disability before and after stroke

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000003888 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (18) ◽

pp. 1718-1726 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pamela M. Rist ◽

Benjamin D. Capistrant ◽

Elizabeth Rose Mayeda ◽

Sze Y. Liu ◽

M. Maria Glymour

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Difference ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Physically Active ◽

Before And After

Objective:To determine whether physical activity and body mass index (BMI) predict instrumental or basic activities of daily living (I/ADL) trajectories before or after stroke compared to individuals who remained stroke-free.Methods:Using a prospective cohort, the Health and Retirement Study, we followed adults without a history of stroke in 1998 (n = 18,117) for up to 14 years. We estimated linear regression models of I/ADL trajectories comparing individuals who remained stroke-free throughout follow-up (n = 16,264), those who survived stroke (n = 1,374), and those who died after stroke and before the next interview wave (n = 479). We evaluated whether I/ADL trajectories differed by physical activity or BMI at baseline (before stroke), adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.Results:Compared to those who were physically active, stroke survivors who were physically inactive at baseline had a lower probability of independence in ADLs and IADLs 3 years after stroke (risk difference = −0.18 and −0.16 for ADLs and IADLs, respectively). However, a similar difference in the probability of independence was also present 3 years before stroke, and we observed no evidence that physical activity slowed the rate of decline in independence before or after stroke. Unlike the results for physical activity, we did not observe a consistent pattern for the probability of independence in ADLs or IADLs comparing obese stroke survivors to normal-weight or to overweight stroke survivors 3 years before stroke or 3 years after stroke.Conclusions:Physical inactivity predicts a higher risk of being dependent both before and after stroke.

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Learning “Math on the Move”: Effectiveness of a Combined Numeracy and Physical Activity Program for Primary School Children

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2017-0234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Melanie Vetter ◽

Helen O’Connor ◽

Nicholas O’Dwyer ◽

Rhonda Orr

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Active Learning ◽

Primary School ◽

Body Mass ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Primary School Children ◽

School Students ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Physically Active

Background: Physically active learning that combines physical activity with core curriculum areas is emerging in school-based health interventions. This study investigates the effectiveness of learning an important numeracy skill of times tables (TT) while concurrently engaging in aerobic activity compared with a seated classroom approach. Methods: Grade-4 primary school students were randomly allocated to physical activity (P) or classroom (C) groups and received the alternate condition in the following term. P group received moderate to vigorous exercise (20 min, 3 times per week, 6 wk) while simultaneously learning selected TT. C group received similar learning, but seated. Changes in TT accuracy, general numeracy, aerobic fitness, and body mass index were assessed. Data were expressed as mean (SEM) and between-condition effect size (ES; 95% confidence interval). Results: Participants [N = 85; 55% male, 9.8 (0.3) y, 36.4% overweight/obese] improved similarly on TT in both conditions [C group: 2.2% (1.1%); P group: 2.5% (1.3%); ES = 0.03; −0.30 to 0.36; P = .86]. Improvement in general numeracy was significantly greater for P group than C group [C group: 0.7% (1.2%); P group: 5.3% (1.4%); ES = 0.42; 0.08 to 0.75; P < .03]. An improvement in aerobic fitness for P group (P < .01) was not significantly greater than C group [C group: 0.8 (0.6); P group: 2.2 (0.5) mL·kg·min−1; ES = 0.32; −0.01 to 0.66; P = .06]. Body mass index was unchanged. Conclusion: Combined movement with learning TT was effective. Physically active learning paradigms may contribute to meeting daily physical activity guidelines while supporting or even boosting learning.

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Adiposity Measures and Menstrual Cycle: Do We Envisage a Relation?

Journal of Anthropology ◽

10.1155/2011/314147 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Rashmi Sinha ◽

Anup Kumar Kapoor ◽

Satwanti Kapoor

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Body Mass ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Impedance Method ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Physically Active ◽

The Relationship

The study aims to see the relationship between menstrual cycle and adiposity measures in Indian populations as menstrual cycle length has an important bearing on fertility and health of women. 415 premenopausal women in the ages 22–50 years residing in Delhi, India constituted the data. The adiposity was assessed by BMI as well as by using Bio-electric impedance method. The information regarding their physical activity pattern and menstrual cycle was recorded, and age at menarche was obtained through recall method. None of the underweight category women had menstrual cycle of less than 25 days. A decrease in body mass index and an increase in the age at menarche were found with the increase in the duration of menstrual cycle. The majority of women with 25–35 days duration of menstrual cycle in the present study were distributed in all the categories of BMI. Age was found to have no effect on longer cycle. The majority of women were in moderately physically active group and experienced menstrual cycle duration of 25–35 days. It is of utmost importance to identify the effects of moderate levels of physical activity, body mass index, and age at menarche on the menstrual cycle to enable the normal reproductive health of women.

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Usual consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with sex, age, physical activity, and body mass index in adults living in Brasília City, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-549720210033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Clíslian Luzia da Silva ◽

Alessandra Gaspar Sousa ◽

Lara Pereira Saraiva Leão Borges ◽

Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Processed Foods ◽

State University ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Iowa State University ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Food Recalls

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the usual consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and its association with body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), age, and sex in adults living in Brasília City, Brazil. Methodology: A total of 506 individuals aged ≥ 20 years old were interviewed. Dietary intake was assessed with two non-consecutive 24-h food recalls. The distributions of usual intakes of energy and the amount of UPF were estimated using the Iowa State University method. The association of age, BMI, PA, and sex with the proportions of UPF consumption (%Kcal and %grams) was investigated with linear regression models. Results: UPF represented 9.2% of the total dietary consumption (grams/day) and 25% of total energy intake. Compared to eutrophic, subjects with obesity consumed a higher percentage of UPF in grams, whereas subjects with overweight had a higher percentage of UPF in kilocalories. The share of UPF in energy intake was lower in male than female individuals, and PA and age were inversely associated with UPF consumption. Conclusion: Careful monitoring of intake of UPF is recommended. Its consumption should be reduced among people with overweight/obesity and sedentary individuals. Appropriate choices for methods to evaluate the usual distribution of intake will strengthen future analysis of UPF assessment.

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The Influence of Physical Activity on the Quality of Life During Pregnancy

Reabilitacijos mokslai slauga kineziterapija ergoterapija ◽

10.33607/rmske.v2i7.856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Vilma Dudonienė ◽

Rasa Vaškevičiūtė ◽

Rolandas Kesminas

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Physically Active ◽

Positive Effect

Pregnancy sets new and higher demands for woman’s body. There are changes in almost all functions of organs and systems, and metabolism during pregnancy. These changes are physiological and the body adapts to the new conditions. Many organs and systems start functioning pathologically, and pregnant body starts to react abnormally to various external and internal stimuli. Physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure higher than resting; physical activity is indicatedby the average energy expenditure a day, a week, and is defined by metabolic equivalent (MET) [1]), fully affects and strengthens woman’s body, increases the physiological capacities, activates the work of all systems, and ensures the normal course of pregnancy by improving maternal cardiovascular condition, activating placental blood flow, oxygen transport, improving fetal metabolism. Physical activity has been proved to have positive effect on different systems of human body. The death-rate in pregnant women resulting from hypertension is the second cause after embolism. Preeclampsia is one of the hypertension-related failures which affects 3 to 5% of the pregnant women [2]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of physical activity on the quality of life (quality of sleep, headache, right side pain, physical and psychological fatigue), blood pressure, and body mass index in physically active and inactive women during 20–35 weeks of pregnancy. It was found that the quality of sleep during 20–25–30–35 weeks of pregnancy was significantly higher and headache and right side pain, as well as, blood pressure, and body mass index were significantly lower in physically active women compared to inactive women. Conclusion. Physical activity during pregnancy had a positive effect on antenatal arterial blood pressure, body mass index and the quality of life during 20–35 weeks of pregnancy.Keywords: pregnancy, physical activity, quality of life, blood pressure, body mass index.

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The Impact of Body Mass Index on Physical Activity and Cardiac Workload

10.1101/2021.09.26.461877 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Myra Jane Bloom ◽

Lakin Mckenzie Brown ◽

Scarlet Rae Jost ◽

Andrew Stuart Ian Donald Lang ◽

Nancy Viola Mankin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Heart Rate ◽

University Students ◽

Body Mass ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Physically Active ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Healthy Lifestyle Interventions ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundHaving an abnormal body mass index (BMI) adversely affects cardiac workload and level of physical activity.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between cardiac workload, physical activity, Sex, and BMI.MethodsThe number of steps taken per day (Steps) and minutes per week spent in targeted heart rate zones were collected from primarily first and second year university students (n = 1,801; 62% female) over a standard, 15-week long semester. Other data collected included BMI, Sex, Age, and Class Standing. Sex differences in BMI, Steps, and training heart rate zone (heart rates above 50% of max) minutes (THR) were evaluated, correlations between the study parameters were analyzed, and one-way ANOVA was used to test between competing models. The values p < .05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsStatistically significant (p < .05) differences between males and females were found for Steps, THR, and BMI. Males were more physically active but spent 18% less time with heart rates above 50% of max. Students who had abnormal BMI values, both low and high, experienced greater cardiac workload (p < .05), even though they were found to be less physically active (p < .05).ConclusionOur study revealed that university students with abnormal BMI values experienced greater cardiac workload, even though they are less physically active. Thus, physical fitness and healthy lifestyle interventions should also include underweight students in addition to students who are overweight or obese.

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Treningsmotivasjon og fysisk aktivitet blant unge:

Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning ◽

10.7557/14.2409 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Camilla Arntsen ◽

Therese Kobbeltvedt

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Body Mass ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Font Size ◽

Health Motivation ◽

Physically Active ◽

The One

Motivation for physical activity and amount of physical activity amongst adolescents: What differences exist between active and inactive groups of Norwegian adolescents with reference to demography, Body Mass Index (BMI), subjectively perceived health, motivation for physical exercise, and initiative?AbstractThis study is based on the Norwegian data from the HEVAS (Helsevaner blant barn og unge) WHO-survey. We investigated: What differences exist between active and inactive groups of individuals with reference to demography, Body Mass Index (BMI), subjectively perceived health, motivation for physical exercise, and initiative? Compared to inactive individuals, physically active individuals reported higher socioeconomic status, lower BMI, better subjectively perceived health. The active individuals report more health motivation than the inactive individuals. Of all the factors included in this study, initiative was the one differentiating the groups. Active individuals report more initiative than inactive individuals.

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A DETERMINANT OF SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v4i103.66 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (103) ◽

pp. 2-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ceyhun Alemdag ◽

Serdar Alemdag ◽

Abdullah Bora Ozkara

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Family Members ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Sports Facilities ◽

Subjective Happiness ◽

Physically Active

Background. It is clear that happiness is the aim for individuals living in a highly demanding society. Although much behaviour may result in perceived subjective happiness, it is thought that physical activity is one of such factors. In this respect, the aim of this study was to investigate participants’ subjective happiness as a result of their level of the amount of exercise they take part in, as well as other secondary measures (gender, body mass index, sports facilities and sports participation of family members). Methods. The study sample consists of 312 undergraduate students (114 females, 198 males). Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire (ESOCQ) and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) were used as a data collection tool in the study. Data was analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis H test, T-test and Chi- Square (χ 2 ) test. Results. The results indicated that subjective happiness of undergraduate students was dependant on how physically active they were, particular in males, with normal body mass index and also those who were members of sporting facilities and whose parents were also physically active. Conclusion. This study showed that university students who participated in physical activity showed subjectively higher levels of perceived happiness. Furthermore, the factors determining these relationships were supported by gender, body mass index, sports facilities and whether or not their close family members were also physically active.

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I Sit but I Don’t Know Why: Integrating Controlled and Automatic Motivational Precursors Within a Socioecological Approach to Predict Sedentary Behaviors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-70750/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Silvio Maltagliati ◽

Philippe Sarrazin ◽

Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur ◽

Ryan E. Rhodes ◽

Matthieu P. Boisgontier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Global Effect ◽

Physically Active ◽

Number Of Children

Abstract Background. Precursors driving leisure-time sedentary behaviors remain poorly investigated, despite their detrimental consequences. This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of controlled and automatic motivational precursors toward reducing sedentary behaviors and being physically active on leisure-time sedentary behaviors. The influence of demographic, physical, socio-professional, interpersonal, and environmental variables on leisure-time sedentary behaviors was also examined and compared with the associations of motivational precursors.Methods. 125 adults completed questionnaires measuring controlled motivational precursors (i.e., attitudes, intentions, perceived competence), demographical (i.e., sex and age), physical (i.e., body mass index), and interpersonal (i.e., number of children) variables. Regarding automatic motivational precursors, habit strength and approach-avoidance tendencies were captured using the Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index and a manikin task. Leisure time, time and physical activity at work were computed as socio-professional variables, days of the week and weather conditions were recorded as environmental precursors. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven days and leisure time was identified thanks to notebooks. Associations between the different precursors and the leisure-time sedentary behaviors were examined in linear mixed effect models.Results. Intention to be physically active (b = -1.089, p = .028) and habit strength toward physical activity (b = -0.943, p = .019) were negatively associated with leisure-time sedentary behaviors. However, motivational precursors toward reducing sedentary behaviors were not associated with the dependent variable (ps. > .098). Demographical (b = 5.043, p = .002 for sex and b = 0.493, p = .011 for body mass index), socio-professional (b = -1.318, p =.040 for leisure time and b= 1.861, p = .005 for time at work), interpersonal (b = -2.037, p = .002 for the number of children), and environmental (i.e., p = .028 for the global effect of the day of the week and p < .001 for the global effect of the weather conditions) precursors were more strongly associated with leisure-time sedentary behaviors.Conclusion. Our findings show that, in comparison with demographical, socio-professional, interpersonal and environmental variables, the influence of motivational precursors on leisure-time sedentary behaviors is limited. This study lends support for the adoption of a broad-spectrum of precursors when predicting sedentary behaviors.

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