scholarly journals Lactose Maldigestion, Malabsorption, and Intolerance: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on Current Management and Future Perspectives

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fassio ◽  
Maria Facioni ◽  
Fabio Guagnini
Keyword(s):  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Small Bowel Transit Time ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Milk is a fundamental component of the diet of every mammal; nevertheless, not every individual can tolerate this kind of food, especially in adulthood. However, lactose intolerance has only been recognized in the last 50 years, and currently, lactose intolerance is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by pain, abdominal distention, flatulence, and diarrhoea that occur after lactose consumption. Lactose is currently a common disaccharide in human nutrition, both in breastfed infants and in adults, but its digestion requires a specialized enzyme called lactase. The genetically programmed reduction in lactase activity during adulthood affects most of the world’s adult population and can cause troublesome digestive symptoms, which may also vary depending on the amount of residual lactase activity; the small bowel transit time; and, especially, the amount of ingested lactose. Several diagnostic tests are currently available for lactose intolerance, but the diagnosis remains challenging. The treatment for lactose intolerance mainly consists of reducing or eliminating the dietetic amount of lactose until the symptoms disappear, but this is hard to achieve, as lactose is present in dairy products and is even commonly used as a food additive. In addition to dietetic restriction of lactose-containing foods, lactase can be administered as an enzymatic food supplement, but its efficacy is still controversial. Recently, probiotics have been proposed for the management of lactose intolerance; certain probiotic strains have shown specific β-galactosidase activity, thus aiding in the digestion of lactose. The aim of this paper was to review the current knowledge about lactose intolerance and to discuss the potential for the use of specific probiotic strains such as dietary supplements in lactose-intolerant patients.

Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson Daba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Global Marketplace

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. 2020. Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 70-77. As a traditional medicine, Cordyceps has long been used in Asian nations for maintaining vivacity and boosting immunity. Numerous publications on various bioactivities of Cordyceps have been investigated in both in-vitro as well as in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the role of Cordyceps is still arguable whether it acts as food supplement for health benefits or a real healing drug that can be prescribed in medicine. The Cordyceps industry has developed greatly and offers thousands of products, commonly available in a global marketplace. In this review, focus will be on introducing the ecology of Cordyceps and their classification. Moreover, elucidation of the richness of extracts originated from this mushroom in nutritional components was presented, with description of the chemical compounds of Cordyceps and its well-known compounds such as cordycepin, and cordycepic acid. Furthermore, highlights on natural growth and artificial cultivation of famous Cordyceps species were presented. The health benefits and reported bioactivities of Cordyceps species as promising antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, organ protective agent, and enhancer for organ function were presented.

Relationship between Lactase Activity and Intestinal Flora Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3104-3109
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Mingjian Huang ◽  
Jianfeng Chen ◽  
Shuyuan Wang ◽  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Infants And Young Children

To analyze and explore the relationship between lactase activity and the structure of intestinal flora in infants under 1 year old. Method: Our hospital selected 60 infants and young children in the Haizhu Maternity and Child Health Hospital from August 2019 to September 2020 as the research objects. The infants in the experimental group were diagnosed as lactose intolerant infants, the control group were normal infants, and the experimental group and control group had 30 cases each. The relationship between lactase activity and intestinal flora structure. Result: The experimental group had fewer beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract than the control group, but improved lactase activity by correcting the structure of the intestinal flora and alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance. Conclusion: Infants and young children are prone to non-infectious diarrhea, and the causes are more complicated, but most of them are related to lactose intolerance. When infants and young children develop lactose intolerance, it is necessary to pay attention to the lack of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract. Targeted supplementation of probiotics (such as Lactobacillus reuteri, Clostridium butyricum, etc.) can correct the intestinal flora, improve lactase activity, and relieve symptoms of lactose intolerance.

Chronic heart failure

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-240
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Uk

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms that suggest the ability of the heart to pump effectively has been impaired. It is distinguished by dyspnoea, effort intolerance, fluid retention, and poor survival. The prevalence of heart failure is around 1–2% in the adult population in developed countries, and 920 000 people in the UK have heart failure. The incidence of heart failure has decreased; however, the number of people newly diagnosed with heart failure has increased. This is thought to be largely due to an ageing population, improvement in the management and survival of people with ischaemic heart disease, and effective treatment of heart failure. The condition can occur in all age groups; however, the incidence and prevalence steeply increase with age. The average age at first diagnosis is typically 77yrs. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has a poor prognosis, the mortality rate for CHF being worse than for many cancers. It is estimated that 70% of those hospitalized for the first time with severe heart failure will die within 5yrs. However, this has been improving, with 6mth mortality rate ↓ from 26% in 1995, 15% in 2009, to 8.9% in 2016. This chapter will outline the aetiology, pathophysiology, and management of CHF, including considerations for palliative care.

scholarly journals Lactose Intolerance: What Your Breath Can Tell You

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Luelle Robles ◽  
Ronny Priefer
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Breath Tests ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Blood Biopsy

Lactose intolerance has seen recognized as a clinical syndrome characterized by pain, abdominal distention, flatulence, and diarrhea after the consumption of lactose. Lactose is a common disaccharide found in dairy that requires lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) to break down into glucose and galactose. A deficiency in this enzyme results in flora bacteria further along in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract to metabolize the excess lactose to numerous gases, including H2. Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, LPH expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are several diagnostic tests that investigate the biological mechanism of lactose intolerance such as blood, biopsy, genetic, and breath tests. Due to its relatively low cost, availability, and non-invasiveness, the hydrogen breath test (HBT) has become a popular technology to aid in the diagnosis of many gastroenterological diseases, specifically lactose intolerance. Additionally, while administering the HBT there seems to be a lack of uniform criteria amongst the various studies, with many using their own guidelines, which may in turn cause inconsistency with the analysis of the results. With ever improving nanotechnology, novel approaches to expedite and lower the costs of the HBT has become an area of research with significant advancements.

The role of the zinc transporter SLC30A2/ZnT2 in transient neonatal zinc deficiency

Metallomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarden Golan ◽  
Taiho Kambe ◽  
Yehuda G. Assaraf
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Zinc Transporter ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Novel Approaches

Transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) results from loss of function mutations in theSLC30A2/ZnT2gene. Nursing mothers harboring this defective zinc transporter produce zinc-deficient milk. Consequently, their exclusively breastfed infants develop severe zinc deficiency. The present review summarizes our current knowledge onSLC30A2/ZnT2gene mutations and highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying this zinc deficiency. We further propose novel approaches for the early diagnosis and prevention of TNZD.

scholarly journals The management of chronic cough

QJM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
A Mathur ◽  
P S K Liu-Shiu-Cheong ◽  
G P Currie
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Chronic Idiopathic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Causes

Summary Chronic cough is a common presentation to primary care and constitutes a significant volume of referrals to secondary care. It affects around 10% of the adult population and has a plethora of respiratory and non-respiratory causes. It can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. In many patients, minimal baseline investigations lead to an easily identifiable and treatable cause. In others, no cause can be identified even after extensive investigations in specialized cough clinics. This evidence-based review article outlines the approach to the adult patient presenting with chronic cough and focuses upon current management strategies in those with chronic idiopathic cough. It includes results from trials of speech and language therapies, and the emerging concept of chronic idiopathic cough as a neuropathic disorder with its own bespoke approach to management including the use of neuromodulatory agents.

scholarly journals Assessment of Food Supplement Consumption in Polish Population of Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stoś ◽  
Agnieszka Woźniak ◽  
Ewa Rychlik ◽  
Izabela Ziółkowska ◽  
Aneta Głowala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Reference Values

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a great interest in food supplements. However the use of food supplements can be associated with the risk of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals which may have adverse health effects.Objective: Assessment of food supplement consumption in the adult population in Poland.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1,831 adults (913 men, 918 women) from which 178 (59 men, 119 women) food supplement users were selected. The consumption of food supplements were assessed by the 24-h recall repeated two times and the food propensity questionnaire (FPQ).Results: 10% of the subjects consumed food supplements during the 12 months prior to the study (6% of men, 13% of women) and among users 68% (79% of men and 88% of women) in the day before the survey. Most respondents (44%) used vitamin supplements during the year. More men than women (27 vs. 11%, p = 0.0059) used mineral supplements while more women than men used vitamin and mineral supplements (31 vs. 8%, p = 0.0008). The most frequently supplemented vitamins were: B6 (58%), C (53%), and D (47%) and minerals were: magnesium (43%), zinc (34%), and iron (29%). More women than men supplemented vitamin B6 (71 vs. 40%, p = 0.0012), vitamin D (54 vs. 36%, p = 0.0061) and magnesium (49 vs. 34%, p = 0.0075). Intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and manganese were higher in the group of men (respectively: 3.3 mg ± 6.0 vs. 1.4 mg ± 0.3, p = 0.0329; 9.4 mg ± 5.6 vs. 6.1 mg ± 2.0, p = 0.0357; 2.2 mg ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 mg ± 0.6, p = 0.0080) but intake of vitamin D was higher in the group of women (15.7 μg ± 20.4 vs. 33.1 μg ± 26.4, p = 0.0085). In many cases, the intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements covered the Dietary Reference Values for these nutrients in 100%. In some persons the intake of biotin, vitamin B12, C, B6, riboflavin, niacin was higher than the reference values several dozen times. The intake of vitamins and minerals exceed UL in a few cases relating to vitamin B6 and magnesium.Conclusions: A minority of adults in Poland used food supplements. However, those products were a significant source of vitamins and minerals. Intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements should be monitored.

scholarly journals Synthetic derivatives of genistein, their properties and possible applications.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rusin ◽  
Zdzisław Krawczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Grynkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gogler ◽  
Jadwiga Zawisza-Puchałka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Genistein, the principal isoflavone constituent of soybean, attracts much attention as a natural molecule with significant affinity towards targets of potential medicinal interest, but also as a food supplement or prospective chemopreventive agent. Since its physicochemical properties are considered suboptimal for drug development, much effort has been invested in designing its analogs and conjugates in hope to obtain compounds with improved efficacy and selectivity. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the properties of synthetic genistein derivatives and to discuss possible clinical application of selected novel compounds. Some basic information concerning chemical reactivity of genistein, relevant to the synthesis of its derivatives, is also presented.

scholarly journals European Healthy Hydration Awareness Campaign for Dietitians

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Katerina Belogianni ◽  
Joan Gandy ◽  
Annemieke van Ginkel ◽  
Judith Liddell ◽  
Roselyne Y. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Total Fluid Intake ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Up to 50% of the adult population fail to meet the recommended total water intake despite the adverse health outcomes associated with chronic low fluid intake. Total fluid intake plays an important role in the energy and nutrient intake of individuals. Dietitians’ role is to advise and guide the population toward a healthier diet. However, based on existing evidence, dietitians’ current knowledge and practices regarding healthy hydration is an area for improvement. The European Healthy Hydration Awareness Campaign (EuHHAC) is an initiative between the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD) and the Hydration and Health Department of Danone Research, which aims to increase knowledge and awareness of healthy hydration and provide dietitians with evidence-based resources to use in practice. Since 2016, a series of tasks were undertaken by the EuHHAC group targeting dietitians across Europe. These tasks included an online survey addressing gaps in hydration knowledge, a webinar providing information on the terminology and impact of hydration on health, an interactive session addressing facilitators and barriers to healthy hydration, and a tutorial summarizing key hydration information and take-home messages. Dietitians were actively engaged in each aspect. Based on the feedback received, awareness of hydration was increased among dietitians. To further enhance understanding, an online Hydration Resource Center, including the resources of EuHHAC, will be created and uploaded on the EFAD website. Once completed an evaluation study will be undertaken to assess the usefulness of the resources in practice. The deliverables will be cascaded across Europe and worldwide via social media, conferences, and publications.

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