scholarly journals A Review of Mushrooms as a Potential Source of Dietary Vitamin D

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Cardwell ◽  
Janet Bornman ◽  
Anthony James ◽  
Lucinda Black
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

When commonly consumed mushroom species are exposed to a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunlight or a UV lamp, they can generate nutritionally relevant amounts of vitamin D. The most common form of vitamin D in mushrooms is D2, with lesser amounts of vitamins D3 and D4, while vitamin D3 is the most common form in animal foods. Although the levels of vitamin D2 in UV-exposed mushrooms may decrease with storage and cooking, if they are consumed before the ‘best-before’ date, vitamin D2 level is likely to remain above 10 μg/100 g fresh weight, which is higher than the level in most vitamin D-containing foods and similar to the daily requirement of vitamin D recommended internationally. Worldwide mushroom consumption has increased markedly in the past four decades, and mushrooms have the potential to be the only non-animal, unfortified food source of vitamin D that can provide a substantial amount of vitamin D2 in a single serve. This review examines the current information on the role of UV radiation in enhancing the concentration of vitamin D2 in mushrooms, the effects of storage and cooking on vitamin D2 content, and the bioavailability of vitamin D2 from mushrooms.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum 25OH-Vitamin D2 Level and Vitamin D Status of Children Aged 3–5 Years in China

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4135
Author(s):  
Xuehong Pang ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yifan Duan ◽  
Liyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally and there is lack of evidence as to how 25(OH)D2 contributes to vitamin D status. The aim of this study was to describe vitamin D status and to assess the role of vitamin D2, a dietary vitamin D source, against the vitamin D status of children aged 3–5 years in China. Methods: Data were extracted from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNNHS) in 2013. The concentration of serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 was measured by using LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 1435 subjects were enrolled and serum 25(OH)D were analyzed. The prevalence of total serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L was 8.9%. Serum 25(OH)D2 was detected in 10.9% of the studied children. After adjusting for confounding factors, total 25(OH)D concentration was 8.48 nmol/L lower and odds ratio of vitamin D deficiency was 4.20 times (OR (95%CI): 4.20 (1.64, 10.77)) in children without 25(OH)D2 than those with 25(OH)D2 detected. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was common among children aged 3–5 years in China. Vitamin D2 may play a role in preventing vitamin D deficiency in Chinese children aged 3–5 years.

scholarly journals Vitamin D-effective solar UV radiation, dietary vitamin D and breast cancer risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kåre Edvardsen ◽  
Marit B. Veierød ◽  
Magritt Brustad ◽  
Tonje Braaten ◽  
Ola Engelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Solar Uv Radiation ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxyvitamin D reference percentiles and the role of their determinants among European children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Timm Intemann ◽  
Paola Russo ◽  
Luis A. Moreno ◽  
Dénes Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background/objectives To provide age- and sex-specific percentile curves of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by determinants from 3-<15 year-old European children, and to analyse how modifiable determinants influence 25(OH)D. Subjects/methods Serum samples were collected from children of eight European countries participating in the multicenter IDEFICS/I.Family cohort studies. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed in a central lab by a chemiluminescence assay and the values from 2171 children (N = 3606 measurements) were used to estimate percentile curves using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape. The association of 25(OH)D with time spent outdoors was investigated considering sex, age, country, parental education, BMI z score, UV radiation, and dietary vitamin D in regressions models. Results The age- and sex-specific 5th and 95th percentiles of 25(OH)D ranged from 16.5 to 73.3 and 20.8 to 79.3 nmol/l in girls and boys, respectively. A total of 63% had deficient (<50 nmol/l), 33% insufficient (50-<75 nmol/l) and 3% sufficient (≥75 nmol/l) levels. 25(OH)D increased with increasing UV radiation, time spent outdoors, and vitamin D intake and slightly decreased with increasing BMI z score and age. The odds ratio (OR) for a non-deficient 25(OH)D status (reference category: deficient status) by one additional hour spent outdoors was 1.21, 95% CI [1.12–1.31], i.e., children who spent one more hour per day outdoors than other children had a 21% higher chance of a non-deficient than a deficient status. Conclusion A majority of children suffer from deficient 25(OH)D. UV radiation, outdoor time, and dietary vitamin D are important determinants of 25(OH)D.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2or vitamin D3in future fortification strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise R. Wilson ◽  
Laura Tripkovic ◽  
Kathryn H. Hart ◽  
Susan A Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

The role of vitamin D in supporting the growth and maintenance of the skeleton is robust; with recent research also suggesting a beneficial link between vitamin D and other non-skeletal health outcomes, including immune function, cardiovascular health and cancer. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, with a renewed focus in the UK following the publication of Public Health England's new Dietary Vitamin D Requirements. Natural sources of vitamin D (dietary and UVB exposure) are limited, and thus mechanisms are needed to allow individuals to achieve the new dietary recommendations. Mandatory or voluntary vitamin D food fortification may be one of the mechanisms to increase dietary vitamin D intakes and subsequently improve vitamin D status. However, for the food industry and public to make informed decisions, clarity is needed as to whether vitamins D2and D3are equally effective at raising total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations as the evidence thus far is inconsistent. This review summarises the evidence to date behind the comparative efficacy of vitamins D2and D3at raising 25(OH)D concentrations, and the potential role of vitamin D food fortification as a public health policy to support attainment of dietary recommendations in the UK. The comparative efficacy of vitamins D2and D3has been investigated in several intervention trials, with most indicating that vitamin D3is more effective at raising 25(OH)D concentrations. However, flaws in study designs (predominantly under powering) mean there remains a need for a large, robust randomised-controlled trial to provide conclusive evidence, which the future publication of the D2–D3Study should provide (BBSRC DRINC funded: BB/I006192/1). This review also highlights outstanding questions and gaps in the research that need to be addressed to ensure the most efficacious and safe vitamin D food fortification practices are put in place. This further research, alongside cost, availability and ethical considerations (vitamin D3is not suitable for vegans), will be instrumental in supporting government, decision-makers, industry and consumers in making informed choices about potential future vitamin D policy and practice.

DIETARY VITAMIN D

The Lancet ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 314 (8150) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E.M Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

scholarly journals Dietary Vitamin D and Its Metabolites Non-Genomically Stabilize the Endothelium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0140370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Gibson ◽  
Chadwick T. Davis ◽  
Weiquan Zhu ◽  
Jay A. Bowman-Kirigin ◽  
Ashley E. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D
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