scholarly journals Stunting, Beyond Acute Diarrhoea: Giardia Duodenalis, in Cambodia

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Caron ◽  
Rathmony Hong ◽  
Ludovic Gauthier ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Animal Feces ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: The adverse outcomes of malnutrition on the development of a child are well acknowledged as are the broad variety of contextual factors that may impact child nutritional status. Adequate nutrient intake and the adoption of appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene measures are largely documented for their positive influence on health. Improved sanitation and protection from human feces can significantly lower the incidence of diarrhea and environmental enteropathy. However, the impact of excessive exposure to animal feces on child health is less well documented. Objectives: This study tests the hypothesis that there is a positive association between exposure to animal feces, morbidity and anthropometric outcomes in children under 5 years of age, in Cambodia. It aims to improve insights that can contribute to discerning high-impact policies that promote children can develop to their full potential. Methods: Data for this study was drawn from the third follow-up round of the MyHealth project cohort study that is conducted in six districts of three Cambodian provinces (Phnom Penh, Kratie and Ratanak Kiri). The analysis included a sample of 639 children under 5 years of age. Results: The presence of livestock and more particularly, pigs near the main household dwelling was found a risk factor associated with Giardia duodenalis infection (23%). Giardia duodenalis infection was found to be a protective factor for acute diarrhea, yet, associated with stunting in the univariate model. Conclusions: Preventive measures that protect from extensive exposure to animal feces may be most effective to prevent infection with Giardia duodenalis and consequent stunting, thereby improving the potential for a healthy development in young Cambodian children. The results support the need for cross-sector policy measures that reinforce comprehensive early childhood interventions towards improving nutritional status as part of a wider set of child welfare and development measures.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Coaching on Health and Finances in Older Scam and ID Theft Victims

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Peter Lichtenberg ◽  
LaToya Hall ◽  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Evan Gross
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Population based and clinical samples consistently demonstrate that older financial exploitation (FE) victims are vulnerable across multiple domains. Our earlier research indicated that older scam and identity theft victims were vulnerable across multiple health and mental health dimensions as compared to a control group. The current work is a longitudinal study of 20 financial coaching participants and 20 controls. Program participants received individual financial coaching to help with credit problems, reporting and collections after they were scam or identity theft victims. Both groups received baseline assessment and 6 month followups (from the time of the end of the coaching). The mean age of the sample was 69 years, with a mean of 15 years of education. Seventy percent of the sample were women and African Americans. Control participants had fewer health conditions and better memory and executive functioning at baseline as compared to coaching participants. While there were no significant health measure changes in the control group, the coaching group demonstrated significantly decreased anxiety at follow up and trends for improved executive functioning and IADLs. Further, while financial stress and social support were significantly lower for the coaching group at baseline, at followup there were no group differences in these measures. The study results provide evidence that the financial coaching program has served as a protective factor in negating many of the adverse outcomes associated with FE and supports financial coaching programs as an appropriate intervention. In addition the coaching services saved or returned monies to nearly 65% of participants.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s nutritional status in Democratic Republic of Congo in 2017-2018: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Xinran Qi ◽  
Yifan Zhu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Qiwei He ◽  
Jiayi Hee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objective: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has one of the highest levels of child undernutrition globally, however, little information exists on the underlying socioeconomic inequalities resulting in undernutrition. This study aims to examine the differences in the nutritional statuses of children across different wealth quintiles and explores the association between malnutrition in children and related factors. Design: We utilised the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. We estimated the prevalence of malnutrition across all 26 provinces. The study used the World Health Organizations’ (WHO) 2006 child growth standards to measure stunting, underweight, and wasting. We employed a mixed-effect linear model to analyse the association between nutritional status and healthcare accessibility, domestic sanitation, and sociodemographic factors. Setting: 26 provinces in the DRC. Participants: 21,477 children under 5 and 21,828 women of childbearing age in the DRC. Results: The national prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was found to be 23.33%, 42.05% and 5.66%, respectively. Household wealth and mother’s education level were significantly positively associated with the nutritional statuses of children. Among households in the lowest wealth quintile, residence in urban areas was a protective factor against undernutrition. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate considerable socioeconomic inequalities in the nutritional statuses of children under 5 in the DRC, highlighting the need for nutrition promotion as part of maternal and child healthcare. Interventions and policies should include improving nutrition education for less-educated mothers, in particular, in the central provinces of the DRC.

scholarly journals The impact of nutritional status on the outcome of Indian patients undergoing neurosurgical shunt surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Jain ◽  
Gaurav Mukerji ◽  
Anupam Dixit ◽  
Novin Manshani ◽  
Y. R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Shunt Surgery ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Undernutrition is common in surgical patients, is frequently unrecognised and is strongly associated with adverse outcomes such as high rates of complications and mortality, worsening functional status and prolonged hospitalisation. Owing to the associated infection and symptoms such as repeated vomiting, a high prevalence of undernutrition is expected in hydrocephalus patients, which may contribute to their poor surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative nutritional status on the outcome of Indian patients with hydrocephalus undergoing neurosurgical shunt surgery. One hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients undergoing scheduled hydrocephalus shunt surgery were studied prospectively. All patients underwent nutritional screening according to different parameters prior to surgery. The patients were classified into normally nourished and undernourished groups. The undernourished group was further subdivided into moderately and severely undernourished. The surgical outcome was compared between these groups. A high prevalence (53 %) of undernutrition was observed in these patients. Postoperative complications such as shunt infection (P = 0·0023), shunt revision (P = 0·0074) and mortality (P = 0·0003) were significantly more common in undernourished patients compared with normally nourished patients. Serum albumin emerged as the most significant independent predictor of postoperative mortality. The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of undernutrition in hydrocephalus patients in India and its adverse influence on the outcome of shunt surgery. Early preoperative nutritional status screening and its optimisation may decrease the morbidity and mortality of shunt surgery for hydrocephalus.

Zinc Depletion Increases Readmission in Older Patients: An Example of Interactions Between Nutrition and Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Awad Alessa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Abstract. Background: ill health may lead to poor nutrition and poor nutrition to ill health, so identifying priorities for management still remains a challenge. The aim of this report is to present data on the impact of plasma zinc (Zn) depletion on important health outcomes after adjusting for other poor prognostic indicators in hospitalised patients. Methods: Hospitalised acutely ill older patients who were part of a large randomised controlled trial had their nutritional status assessed using anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data. Plasma Zn concentrations were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and at 6 months using inductively- coupled plasma spectroscopy method. Other clinical outcome measures of health were also measured. Results: A total of 345 patients assessed at baseline, 133 at 6 weeks and 163 at 6 months. At baseline 254 (74%) patients had a plasma Zn concentration below 10.71 μmol/L indicating biochemical depletion. The figures at 6 weeks and 6 months were 86 (65%) and 114 (70%) patients respectively. After adjusting for age, co-morbidity, nutritional status and tissue inflammation measured using CRP, only muscle mass and serum albumin showed significant and independent effects on plasma Zn concentrations. The risk of non-elective readmission in the 6-months follow up period was significantly lower in patients with normal Zn concentrations compared with those diagnosed with Zn depletion (adjusted hazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.99), p = 0.047. Conclusions: Zn depletion is common and associated with increased risk of readmission in acutely-ill older patients, however, the influence of underlying comorbidity on these results can not excluded.

Early Outcomes of Coronary Endarterectomy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 059
Author(s):  
Amin Bagheri ◽  
Ahmad Masoumi ◽  
Jamshid Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Coronary Endarterectomy ◽  
Early Results ◽  
The Impact

<strong>Background:</strong> Coronary endarterectomy (CE) is performed as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG); however, the efficacy of this technique is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the impact of CE combined with CABG when compared with isolated CABG.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients who underwent CABG between July 2007 and June 2014 were included. 70 of 2452 patients (2.8%) underwent CE in addition to CABG. Early results were compared with isolated CABG and predictors of adverse outcome were measured in stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The incidence of comorbidities including prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and three-vessel coronary disease in CE patients was higher; however, mortality (4.3% versus control 3.6%; P = .762) and postoperative complications were not significantly increased in this group of patients (except supraventricular arrhythmia). Although age greater than 70 years, impaired ejection fraction, intraoperative intraaortic balloon pump, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were important predictors of adverse outcomes, CE was not associated with increased mortality or postoperative morbidities. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Despite the higher risk profile of patients who underwent CE, this technique was not identified as an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes.

Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies in Pregnant Women and the Relevance of Pharmacometric Tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dallmann ◽  
Paola Mian ◽  
Johannes Van den Anker ◽  
Karel Allegaert
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Population Pk ◽  
The Impact

Background: In clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, pregnant women are significantly underrepresented because of ethical and legal reasons which lead to a paucity of information on potential PK changes in this population. As a consequence, pharmacometric tools became instrumental to explore and quantify the impact of PK changes during pregnancy. Methods: We explore and discuss the typical characteristics of population PK and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with a specific focus on pregnancy and postpartum. Results: Population PK models enable the analysis of dense, sparse or unbalanced data to explore covariates in order to (partly) explain inter-individual variability (including pregnancy) and to individualize dosing. For population PK models, we subsequently used an illustrative approach with ketorolac data to highlight the relevance of enantiomer specific modeling for racemic drugs during pregnancy, while data on antibiotic prophylaxis (cefazolin) during surgery illustrate the specific characteristics of the fetal compartments in the presence of timeconcentration profiles. For PBPK models, an overview on the current status of reports and papers during pregnancy is followed by a PBPK cefuroxime model to illustrate the added benefit of PBPK in evaluating dosing regimens in pregnant women. Conclusions: Pharmacometric tools became very instrumental to improve perinatal pharmacology. However, to reach their full potential, multidisciplinary collaboration and structured efforts are needed to generate more information from already available datasets, to share data and models, and to stimulate cross talk between clinicians and pharmacometricians to generate specific observations (pathophysiology during pregnancy, breastfeeding) needed to further develop the field.

Implication of Medical Treatment for Surgical Strategies in IBD

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368
Author(s):  
Krisztina B. Gecse ◽  
Christianne J. Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
The Impact

Despite changing medical paradigm, still a significant proportion of patients with IBD require surgery. The patient&#039;s general condition, including nutritional status and the use of immunosuppressive medications is of great importance with regard to surgical complications, as well as the choice of optimal surgical strategy. The indication and the timing of surgery are key factors for the multidisciplinary management of IBD patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the impact of medical treatment on surgical strategies in IBD.

scholarly journals Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Lenin Pazmino ◽  
Wilmer Esparza ◽  
Arian Ramón Aladro-Gonzalvo ◽  
Edgar León
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

More minutes of physical activity (PA) accumulated during a day are associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus type 2. However, it is less known if distinct dimensions of PA can produce a different protective effect in the prevention of prediabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of work and recreational PA on prediabetes among U.S. adults during the period 2015–2016 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Individuals (n = 4481) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test values of 5.7% to 6.4% were included. A logistic regression multivariate-adjusted analysis was conducted to estimate the association between the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prediabetes, with work and recreational PA. The prevalence of prediabetes among U.S. adults was lower in physically active individuals both at work (~24%) and recreational (~21%) physical activities compared to individuals who were not physically active (27 to 30%). Individuals lacking practice of recreational PA had a high risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.080 to 1.466). PA may be a protective factor for prediabetes conditions depending on gender, age, ethnic group, waist circumference, and thyroid disease.

scholarly journals High Expression of KLF10 Is Associated with Favorable Survival in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Chung-Min Yeh ◽  
Yi-Ju Lee ◽  
Po-Yun Ko ◽  
Yueh-Min Lin ◽  
Wen-Wei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Independent Prognostic Marker ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background and objectives: Krüppel-like transcription factor 10 (KLF10) plays a vital role in regulating cell proliferation, including the anti-proliferative process, activation of apoptosis, and differentiation control. KLF10 may also act as a protective factor against oral cancer. We studied the impact of KLF10 expression on the clinical outcomes of oral cancer patients to identify its role as a prognostic factor in oral cancer. Materials and Methods: KLF10 immunoreactivity was analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) stain analysis in 286 cancer specimens from primary oral cancer patients. The prognostic value of KLF10 on overall survival was determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: High KLF10 expression was significantly associated with male gender and betel quid chewing. The 5-year survival rate was greater for patients with high KLF10 expression than for those with low KLF10 expression (62.5% vs. 51.3%, respectively; p = 0.005), and multivariate analyses showed that high KLF10 expression was the only independent factor correlated with greater overall patient survival. The significant correlation between high KLF10 expression and a higher 5-year survival rate was observed in certain subgroups of clinical parameters, including female gender, non-smokers, cancer stage T1, and cancer stage N0. Conclusions: KLF10 expression, detected by IHC staining, could be an independent prognostic marker for oral cancer patients.

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