scholarly journals The Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Receiving Prenatal Care at a Reference Maternity Hospital in Northeastern Brazil

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Bastos Maia ◽  
Maria Costa Caminha ◽  
Suzana Lins da Silva ◽  
Alex Rolland Souza ◽  
Camila Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Vitamin A is essential for mother and child; however, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a public health issue in various countries, affecting around 19 million pregnant women. In Brazil, the scarcity and inconsistency of data have prevented the prevalence and epidemiological status of VAD from being established. This study aimed to analyze vitamin A nutritional status in women receiving prenatal care at a reference center in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 676 women. Serum retinol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Subclinical infection was detected by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP). The World Health Organization criteria were used in the prevalence analysis, VAD classification level, and CRP effect evaluation. The prevalence of VAD (serum retinol <0.70 μmol/L) was 6.2% (95% confidence interval 4.5–8.3). In the univariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with VAD (p < 0.05) were having <12 years of schooling, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, and anemia. In the final multivariate model, the variables that remained significantly associated (p < 0.05) were being in the third trimester of pregnancy and anemia. VAD constituted a mild public health problem in this sample of pregnant women and was associated with the third trimester of pregnancy and maternal anemia.

Predictors of vitamin A status among pregnant women in Western Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. R. Neves ◽  
Chiara A. S. Campos ◽  
Maíra B. Malta ◽  
Bárbara H. Lourenço ◽  
Márcia C. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Smoking Exposure

AbstractDetermining the predictors of serum retinol at mid-pregnancy is relevant for planning interventions aimed at improving vitamin A status of pregnant women and their offspring. This prospective study assessed predictors of serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. We enrolled 442 pregnant women living in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul, Western Brazilian Amazon. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental and clinical characteristics as well as obstetric history, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical data, including serum retinol, were gathered between 16 and 20 gestational weeks. Serum retinol also measured at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy (approximately 28 gestational weeks) was the outcome of interest. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations with the outcome. Overall, the following variables explained serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy in the adjusted model (R2 = 11·1 %): seasonality (winter season – November to April; β=0·134; 95 % CI 0·063, 0·206), weekly consumption of Amazonian fruits (β=0·087; 95 % CI 0·012, 0·162) and retinol concentrations between 16 and 20 gestational weeks (β=0·045; 95 % CI 0·016, 0·074) were positively associated, whereas having a smoker in the house was negatively associated (β=–0·087; 95 % CI: –0·166, –0·009). Consumption of pro-vitamin A-rich fruits by pregnant women should be encouraged. Passive smoking may play a role in decreasing vitamin A status as a proxy of smoking exposure during pregnancy.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

EFFECT OF ZINK TABLETS INTERVENTION IN ZINC DEFICIENCY OF TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH OF NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Nurfadillah S ◽  
Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: According to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) data globally, an estimated 17.3% of the population has inadequate zinc intake, with estimates ranging from 5.7% in Oceania to 7.6% in Europe, 9.6% in America and the Caribbean, highest in Africa (23.9%) and Asia (19.6%). Zinc is important for the function of a number of enzymes and growth hormones during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the relative zinc concentration decreases up to 35% due to the influence of hormonal changes and the transport of nutrients from mother to baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving zinc tablets to pregnant women with zinc deficiency in the third trimester on body weight and length of babies born at the Makassar City Health Center. Methods: This type of research is True Experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample in this study was 62 samples of third trimester pregnant women, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Measurement of zinc levels in third trimester pregnant women using the Elisa reader kit at the Research Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The research instruments were in the form of a research explanation sheet, respondent's consent sheet, respondent's checklist sheet, and the mother's zinc tablet consumption control sheet for 14 days. Results: Judging from the average value of newborns in pregnant women who did not have zinc deficiency, the average value of birth weight in pregnant women with zinc deficiency was 15.70 g/dL and 18.95 g/dL. zinc deficiency with a value (p < 0.05), while pregnant women with zinc deficiency have an average birth length of 10.00 g/dL and mothers who do not have a deficiency of 19.87 g/dL with a value (p < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that giving zinc tablets to pregnant women in the third trimester has an effect on Birth Weight (BBL) and Birth Length (PBL). Conclusion: Giving zinc tablets has an effect on increasing zinc levels in third trimester zinc deficiency pregnant women and increasing birth weight and length of the baby.  

scholarly journals Missed opportunities for congenital syphilis and HIV perinatal transmission prevention

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães ◽  
Cibele Comini César
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Prenatal Visit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Hiv

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of missed opportunities for congenital syphilis and HIV prevention in pregnant women who had access to prenatal care and to assess factors associated to non-testing of these infections. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising a randomly selected sample of 2,145 puerperal women who were admitted in maternity hospitals for delivery or curettage and had attended at least one prenatal care visit, in Brazil between 1999 and 2000. No syphilis and/or anti-HIV testing during pregnancy was a marker for missed prevention opportunity. Women who were not tested for either or both were compared to those who had at least one syphilis and one anti-HIV testing performed during pregnancy (reference category). The prevalence of missed prevention opportunity was estimated for each category with 95% confidence intervals. Factors independently associated with missed prevention opportunity were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of missed prevention opportunity for syphilis or anti-HIV was 41.2% and 56.0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that race/skin color (non-white), schooling (<8 years), marital status (single), income (<3 monthly minimum wages), having sex during pregnancy, history of syphilis prior to the current pregnancy, number of prenatal care visits (<6), and last prenatal visit before the third trimester of gestation were associated with an increased risk of missed prevention opportunity. A negative association with missed prevention opportunity was found between marital status (single), prenatal care site (hospital) and first prenatal visit in the third trimester of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of non-tested women indicate failures in preventive and control actions for HIV infection and congenital syphilis. Pregnant women have been discontinuing prenatal care at an early stage and are failing to undergo prenatal screening for HIV and syphilis.

Lipid-soluble antioxidants status and some of its socio-economic determinants among pregnant Ethiopians at the third trimester

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Wondmikun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the serum levels of three lipid-soluble antioxidants (retinol, β-carotene and α-tocopherol) in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) in Gondar, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study involving laboratory determination of serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene using high-performance liquid chromatography and questionnaire-based assessment of socio-economic status.SettingANC of a university teaching hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-two healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended the ANC.ResultsMean serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found to be 1.23±0.5, 25.5±0.9 and 0.21±0.09 μmol l−1, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<1.05 μmol l−1) among pregnant women was 38.5%. Women having low retinol (vitamin A) levels were highly likely to live in earth-floored and mud-walled houses, and less likely to own a house and to have a latrine.ConclusionThe study shows that serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants were low among ANC attendees in northern Ethiopia. It also indicates that some socio-economic factors (such as poor housing standard) are associated with vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Disproportionate Vitamin A Deficiency in Women of Specific Ethnicities Linked to Differences in Allele Frequencies of Vitamin A-Related Polymorphisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Masako Suzuki ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Diana Garretto ◽  
Carmen R. Isasi ◽  
Wellington V. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Variant Information ◽  
National Prevalence

Background: While the current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is estimated to be less than 1%, it is suggested that it varies between different ethnic groups and races within the U.S. We assessed the prevalence of VAD in pregnant women of different ethnic groups and tested these prevalence rates for associations with the vitamin A-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies in each ethnic group. Methods: We analyzed two independent datasets of serum retinol levels with self-reported ethnicities and the differences of allele frequencies of the SNPs associated with vitamin A metabolism between groups in publicly available datasets. Results: Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic pregnant women showed high VAD prevalence in both datasets. Interestingly, the VAD prevalence for Hispanic pregnant women significantly differed between datasets (p = 1.973 × 10−10, 95%CI 0.04–0.22). Alleles known to confer the risk of low serum retinol (rs10882272 C and rs738409 G) showed higher frequencies in the race/ethnicity groups with more VAD. Moreover, minor allele frequencies of a set of 39 previously reported SNPs associated with vitamin A metabolism were significantly different between the populations of different ancestries than those of randomly selected SNPs (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Our analysis confirmed that VAD prevalence varies between different ethnic groups/races and may be causally associated with genetic variants conferring risk for low retinol levels. Assessing genetic variant information prior to performing an effective nutrient supplementation program will help us plan more effective food-based interventions.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Bastos Maia ◽  
Alex Rolland Souza ◽  
Maria Costa Caminha ◽  
Suzana Lins da Silva ◽  
Rachel Callou Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Fetal Organs

Vitamin A is a crucial micronutrient for pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition to being essential for morphological and functional development and for ocular integrity, vitamin A exerts systemic effects on several fetal organs and on the fetal skeleton. Vitamin A requirements during pregnancy are therefore greater. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. VAD in pregnant women is a public health issue in most developing countries. In contrast, in some developed countries, excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy can be a concern since, when in excess, this micronutrient may exert teratogenic effects in the first 60 days following conception. Routine prenatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality is not recommended; however, in regions where VAD is a public health issue, vitamin A supplementation is recommended to prevent night blindness. Given the importance of this topic and the lack of a complete, up-to-date review on vitamin A and pregnancy, an extensive review of the literature was conducted to identify conflicting or incomplete data on the topic as well as any gaps in existing data.

scholarly journals Association of genetic variation with disproportionate vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women of certain ethnicities in the United States.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Suzuki ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Diana J Garretto ◽  
Carmen R. Isasi ◽  
Wellington V Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Retinol

Abstract Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in many biological functions of the body. Limited access to vitamin A-rich food or supplements severely affects tissue and blood levels of vitamin A. Therefore, low serum vitamin A and poverty levels are strongly associated in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) studies that have focused mainly on developing countries. The current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency in the United States is reported to be very low (<1%). However, several studies, including ours, have suggested that people from certain ethnic groups still face a higher proportion of vitamin A deficiency. We hypothesize that the genetic variations between ethnic groups may associate to the VAD proportional differences between women of different ancestries. To assess the associations, we re-analyzed two independent datasets of serum retinol levels of pregnant women in the United States and three datasets of genotypic information of different ancestries. We found that pregnant women with non-Hispanic Black and with Latin American/Afro-Caribbean ancestry have strikingly high proportions of VAD compared to non-Hispanic White and Latin American/Mexican ancestry. Genotypic analyses showed that the minor allele frequencis of genetic variants that associate to serum retinol levels have significantly higher variations between these different ancestries. Our study revealed that VAD rates in the pregnant women differ between different ancestries and that ancestry-dependent genetic variations might contribute to the differences.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of third trimester pregnant women correlates positively with birth weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ratna Ernawati ◽  
Bangun Trapsila Purwaka ◽  
Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Third

Objectives: to identify correlation between nutritional status (energy, macronutrient and fluid intake) of the third trimester pregnant women and birth weight.Materials and Methods: correlative analytic prospective cohort’s study in Public Health Center Jagir, Surabaya with sample comprising healthy pregnant women aged 20-35 years in the third trimester and their newborns (n=34). Respondents noted fluid intake every day for 7 days (record method) and food for 24 hours (recall method). Adequacy of energy intake, macronutrient and fluid (mean) was assessed based on AKG 2012. LBW when <2500 g. Statistical analysis used Pearson correlation's and Spearman's rho with test with significance level of p<0.05.Results: in third trimester pregnant women energy intake (r: 0.854, p: 0.0001) and carbohydrates (r:0.912, p:0.0001) had strong positive correlation, protein intake had moderate positive correlation (r: 0.519, p: 0.0001), fat intake (r: 0.425p: 0.012) and fluid (r: 0.469 p: 0.005) had positive correlation with birth weight. The prevalence of LBW in Public Health Center Jagir Surabaya was 14.7%.Conclusion: Nutritional status of third trimester pregnant women correlates positively with birth weight.

scholarly journals Genetic background contributions to the disproportion of vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women of certain ethnicities in populations of the United States.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Suzuki ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Diana J Garretto ◽  
Carmen R. Isasi ◽  
Wellington V Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Pregnant Females

Abstract Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in many biological functions of the body. Limited access to vitamin A-rich food or supplements severely affects tissue and blood levels of vitamin A. Therefore, low serum vitamin A and poverty levels are strongly associated in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) studies that have focused mainly on developing countries. The current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency in the United States is reported to be very low (< 1%). However, several studies, including ours, have suggested that people from certain ethnic groups still face a higher proportion of vitamin A deficiency. Here, we re-analyzed two different datasets of serum retinol levels of pregnant females to assess the VAD status differences between women of different ancestries. We found that pregnant females with non-Hispanic Black and with Latin American/Afro-Caribbean ancestry have strikingly high proportions of vitamin A deficiency. Moreover, we identified candidate genetic variants that associate with the disproportions between these different ancestries. Maternal vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of adverse health outcomes for both the mother and offspring later in life. Measuring serum retinol levels of pregnant women in the higher risk groups and provision of food interventions based on genetic information to improve the vitamin A status of at-risk women are needed. Our study strongly suggests that emergency actions need to be taken to reduce vitamin A deficiency in specific, at-risk ethnic groups.

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