scholarly journals TGF-β2, EGF, and FGF21 Growth Factors Present in Breast Milk Promote Mesenteric Lymph Node Lymphocytes Maturation in Suckling Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Torres-Castro ◽  
Mar Abril-Gil ◽  
María Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β2 ◽  
Immune Maturation

Breast milk, due to its large number of nutrients and bioactive factors, contributes to optimal development and immune maturation in early life. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of some growth factors present in breast milk, such as transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), on the immune response development. Newborn Wistar rats were supplemented daily with TGF-β2, EGF, or FGF21, throughout the suckling period. At day 14 and 21 of life, lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were isolated, immunophenotyped, and cultured to evaluate their ability to proliferate and release cytokines. The main results demonstrated that supplementation with TGF-β2, EGF, or FGF21 modified the lymphocyte composition in MLNs. At day 14, all supplementations were able to induce a lower percentage of natural killer (NK) cells with the immature phenotype (CD8+), and they reduced the CD8αα/CD8αβ ratio at day 21. Moreover, the cytokine pattern was modified by the three treatments, with a down regulation of interleukin (IL)-13 secretion. These results showed the contribution of these growth factors in the lymphocytes MLNs immune maturation during the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Systemic Immune Response in Suckling Rats by Breast Milk TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1888
Author(s):  
Paulina Torres-Castro ◽  
Blanca Grases-Pintó ◽  
Mar Abril-Gil ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Maturation

Breast milk is a rich fluid containing bioactive compounds such as specific growth factors (GF) that contribute to maturation of the immune system in early life. The aim of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), compounds present in breast milk, could promote systemic immune maturation. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were daily supplemented with these GF by oral gavage during the suckling period (21 days of life). At day 14 and 21 of life, plasma for immunoglobulin (Ig) quantification was obtained and spleen lymphocytes were isolated, immunophenotyped and cultured to evaluate their ability to proliferate and release cytokines. The main result was obtained at day 14, when supplementation with EGF increased B cell proportion to reach levels observed at day 21. At the end of the suckling period, all GF increased the plasma levels of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, FGF21 balanced the Th1/Th2 cytokine response and both EGF and FGF21 modified splenic lymphocyte composition. These results suggested that the studied milk bioactive factors, mainly EGF and FGF21, may have modulatory roles in the systemic immune responses in early life, although their physiological roles remain to be established.

Concentration of platelets and growth factors in canine autologous conditioned plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stief ◽  
J. Gottschalk ◽  
J.-C. Ionita ◽  
A. Einspanier ◽  
G. Oechtering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1

Summary Objectives: To report the concentration of blood cells and selected growth factors in canine autologous conditioned plasma (ACP). Methods: The density of blood cells in whole blood (WB), ACP and standard plasma preparation (SP) of 10 healthy mature dogs was determined. In both ACP and SP, the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-AB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and transforming growth factor-β2 was measured using the ELISA technique. In another ten dogs, ACP was prepared using an ultra-soft spinning protocol, and again blood cell density was compared to that obtained in WB. Results: The density of platelets in ACP was significantly higher than that in SP (p = 0.0002), but there was not any significant difference between ACP and WB, nor between WB and ACP prepared using softer centrifugations. Interestingly, only for IGF-1, PDGFBB, and TGF-β1 could reliable measurements be obtained, showing a significant increase in PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations in ACP compared to SP (p = 0.001, p = 0.0028). Regarding IGF-1 content, there was not any significant difference between ACP and SP. Clinical significance: Canine ACP prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, or by using a softer spin does not show the same specifications as human ACP, which shows a doubling in platelet count compared to WB. Even though canine ACP has a similar number of platelets per injected volume and consequently, probably the same amount of injected growth factors than WB, application of canine ACP would not be associated with the proinflammatory potential reported for WB, as it is almost free of erythrocytes and nucleated cells.

scholarly journals Utilizing the ABC Transporter for Growth Factor Production by fleQ Deletion Mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Benedict-Uy Fabia ◽  
Joshua Bingwa ◽  
Jiyeon Park ◽  
Nguyen-Mihn Hieu ◽  
Jung-Hoon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Type I ◽  
Double Deletion

Pseudomonas fluorescens, a gram-negative bacterium, has been proven to be a capable protein manufacturing factory (PMF). Utilizing its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, a type I secretion system, P. fluorescens has successfully produced recombinant proteins. However, besides the target proteins, P. fluorescens also secretes unnecessary background proteins that complicate protein purification and other downstream processes. One of the background proteins produced in large amounts is FliC, a flagellin protein. In this study, the master regulator of flagella gene expression, fleQ, was deleted from P. fluorescens Δtp, a lipase and protease double-deletion mutant, via targeted gene knockout. FleQ directs flagella synthesis, so the new strain, P. fluorescens ΔfleQ, does not produce flagella-related proteins. This not only simplifies purification but also makes P. fluorescens ΔfleQ an eco-friendly expression host because it will not survive outside a controlled environment. Six recombinant growth factors, namely, insulin-like growth factors I and II, beta-nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 1, transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor beta, prepared using our supercharging method, were successfully secreted by P. fluorescens ΔfleQ. Our findings demonstrate the potential of P. fluorescens ΔfleQ, combined with our supercharging process, as a PMF.

Mechanisms of renal tubular cell hypertrophy: mitogen-induced suppression of proteolysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. C843-C851 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Franch ◽  
P. V. Curtis ◽  
W. E. Mitch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Renal Tubular Cell ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Lysosomal Proteolysis

The combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) plus transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) causes hypertrophy in renal epithelial cells. One mechanism contributing to hypertrophy is that EGF induces activation of the cell cycle and increases protein synthesis, whereas TGF-beta 1 prevents cell division, thereby converting hyperplasia to hypertrophy. To assess whether suppression of proteolysis is another mechanism causing hypertrophy induced by these growth factors, we measured protein degradation in primary cultures of proximal tubule cells and in cultured NRK-52E kidney cells. A concentration of 10(-8) M EGF alone or EGF plus 10(-10) M TGF-beta 1 decreased proteolysis by approximately 30%. TGF-beta 1 alone did not change protein degradation. Using inhibitors, we examined which proteolytic pathway is suppressed. Neither proteasome nor calpain inhibitors prevented the antiproteolytic response to EGF + TGF-beta 1. Inhibitors of lysosomal proteases eliminated the antiproteolytic response to EGF + TGF-beta 1, suggesting that these growth factors act to suppress lysosomal proteolysis. This antiproteolytic response was not caused by impaired EGF receptor signaling, since lysosomal inhibitors did not block EGF-induced protein synthesis. We conclude that suppression of lysosomal proteolysis contributes to growth factor-mediated hypertrophy of cultured kidney cells.

Expression of transforming growth factor-β2 and β3 mRNAs and proteins in the developing chicken embryo

1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia B. Jakowlew ◽  
Gary Ciment ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan ◽  
Michael B. Sporn ◽  
Anita B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β2
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