scholarly journals Association of Breakfast Quality and Energy Density with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Children: Role of Physical Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lide Arenaza ◽  
Victoria Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
María Medrano ◽  
Maddi Oses ◽  
Maria Amasene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

There is a general belief that having breakfast is an important healthy lifestyle factor; however, there is scarce evidence on the influence of breakfast quality and energy density on cardiometabolic risk in children, as well as on the role of physical activity in this association. The aims of this paper were (i) to examine the associations of breakfast quality and energy density from both solids and beverages with cardiometabolic risk factors, and (ii) to explore whether physical activity levels may attenuate these relationships in children with overweight/obesity from two projects carried out in the north and south of Spain. Breakfast consumption, breakfast quality index (BQI) score, BEDs/BEDb (24 h-recalls and the KIDMED questionnaire), and physical activity (PA; accelerometry) were assessed, in 203 children aged 8–12 years who were overweight or obese. We measured body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry), uric acid, blood pressure, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), glucose, and insulin, and calculated the HOMA and metabolic syndrome z-score. The BQI score was inversely associated with serum uric acid independently of a set of relevant confounders (β = −0.172, p = 0.028), but the relationship was attenuated after further controlling for total PA (p < 0.07). BEDs was positively associated with total and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure regardless of confounders (all p < 0.05), while BEDb was positively associated with HOMA in either active/inactive children (all p < 0.03). In conclusion, higher breakfast quality and lower breakfast energy density should be promoted in overweight/obesity children to improve their cardiometabolic health.

Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12 deficiency: is it related to cardiometabolic risk?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sanem Kayhan ◽  
Nazli Gulsoy Kirnap ◽  
Mercan Tastemur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Group

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: −0.39, p < 0.001 r: −0.34, p < 0.001 r: −0.57, p < 0.04 r: −0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.

scholarly journals Association between Circulating Osteocalcin and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors following a 4-Week Leafy Green Vitamin K-Rich Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Alexander Tacey ◽  
Marc Sim ◽  
Cassandra Smith ◽  
Mary N. Woessner ◽  
Elizabeth Byrnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
High Responders

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Evidence suggests that lower serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be negatively associated with cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether individuals with a suppression of ucOC following an increase in dietary vitamin K1 exhibit a relative worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Men (<i>n</i> = 20) and women (<i>n</i> = 10) aged 62 ± 10 years participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. The primary analysis involved using data obtained from participants following a high vitamin K1 diet (HK; 4-week intervention of increased leafy green vegetable intake). High and low responders were defined based on the median percent reduction (30%) in ucOC following the HK diet. Blood pressure (resting and 24 h), arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, lipid concentrations, and serum OC forms were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following the HK diet, ucOC and ucOC/tOC were suppressed more (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) in high responders (41 and 29%) versus low responders (12 and 10%). The reduction in ucOC and ucOC/tOC was not associated with changes in blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, or lipid concentrations in the high responders (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Suppression of ucOC via consumption of leafy green vegetables has no negative effects on cardiometabolic health, perhaps, in part, because of cross-talk mechanisms.

scholarly journals Does dog acquisition improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour and biological markers of cardiometabolic health? Results from a three-arm controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000703
Author(s):  
Lauren Powell ◽  
Kate M Edwards ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Paul McGreevy ◽  
Anthony Podberscek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Sit To Stand

ObjectivesDog ownership has been associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors, including physical activity. Most of the evidence originates from cross-sectional studies or populations with established disease. This study investigated changes in physical activity and other cardiometabolic risk factors following dog acquisition in a sample of 71 community-dwelling adults.MethodsParticipants self-allocated to three groups: 17 individuals acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition), 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control) and 25 had no interest in dog acquisition (community control). Self-reported and thigh-worn accelerometer-based physical activity patterns, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, resting heart rate and VO2max were measured three times: baseline, 3 months and 8 months. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of covariance with owner age, season, sex and education included as covariates. Post hoc between-group tests were performed where there were significant overall effects (p<0.05).ResultsWe found significant effects in mean daily steps (F(4,64)=3.02, p=0.02) and sit-to-stand transitions (F(4,66)=3.49, p=0.01). The dog acquisition group performed an additional 2589 steps (p=0.004) and 8.2 sit-to-stand transitions (p=0.03) per day at 3 months, although these effects were not maintained at 8 months. We found a significant effect in self-reported weekly walking duration (F(4,130)=2.84, p=0.03) among the lagged control group with an 80 min increase between 3 and 8 months (p=0.04). Other cardiometabolic risk factors were unchanged following dog acquisition.ConclusionOur study provides encouraging results that suggest a positive influence of dog acquisition on physical activity in the short term but larger and more generalisable controlled studies are needed.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000967381.

Severity of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults: Sex differences and role of physical activity. The HERMEX study

2016 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Virginia A. Aparicio ◽  
Francisco J. Félix-Redondo ◽  
Daniel Fernández-Bergés
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

scholarly journals The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Z Scores

The clustering of diet quality, physical activity, and sleep and its association with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains to be explored. We included 5315 children aged 6–13 years in the analysis. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. Low diet quality and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were more likely to be seen in a pair, but low diet quality was less likely to be clustered with unhealthy sleep patterns. Low diet quality, low CRF, and unhealthy sleep pattern was associated with a 0.63, 0.53, and 0.25 standard deviation (SD) higher increase in CMRS, respectively. Compared to children with no unhealthy factor (−0.79 SD), those with ≥1 unhealthy factor had a higher increase (−0.20 to 0.59 SD) in CMRS. A low diet quality-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in CMRS, blood pressure, and triglycerides. A low diet quality–low CRF-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in fatness and fasting glucose. Unhealthy factor cluster patterns are complex; however, their positive associations with changes in CMR factors are consistently significant in children. Some specific patterns are more harmful than others for cardiometabolic health.

Abstract P089: Fitness and Fatness Are Both Associated With Cardiometabolic Health in 8-10 Year Old New Zealand Children

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Stoner ◽  
Nicholas Castro ◽  
Paula Skidmore ◽  
Sally Lark ◽  
James Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
High Fitness

Introduction: In adults, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and overweight-obesity are associated with greater cardiometabolic disease risk. However, the association between measures of CRF and overweight-obesity upon cardiometabolic risk in youth, particularly pre-adolescents, is less clear. Further, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between CRF and overweight-obesity upon individual cardiometabolic risk factors. The clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over two decades, including in young children. Hypothesis: We tested the null hypothesis of no association between clustered cardiometabolic risk factors and high CRF or overweight-obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 392 children (50% F) aged 8-10 years from three representative sample sites across New Zealand. Overweight-obesity was classified according to 2007 WHO criteria for Body Mass Index. CRF was estimated using a shuttle run test, and high CRF was categorized as a maximum oxygen uptake exceeding 35 ml/kg/min in girls, and 42 ml/kg/min in boys. Eleven traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk factors were measured: peripheral blood pressures, central systolic blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index, fasting total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, serum glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin. Principal component analysis identified underlying cardio-metabolic factors, and a 2-way (high fitness, overweight-obese) analysis of co-variance was used to determine associations between cardio-metabolic risk factors with fitness and overweight-obesity. Covariates were: age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status. Results: Principle component analysis revealed four underling factors: blood pressure, cholesterol, vascular, and carbohydrate-metabolism. Using these factors, a cumulative risk score was also calculated. Only high CRF (P=0.001, Eta=0.028) was significantly associated with the blood pressure factor. Only overweight-obesity associated with vascular (P=0.010, Eta=0.018) and carbohydrate-metabolism (P=0.005, Eta=0.021) factors. Neither high fitness (p=0.728) nor overweight-obesity (P=0.121) significantly associated with cholesterol. For the cumulative risk score, there was an interaction effect (P=0.038, Eta=0.012). High CRF improved cardiometabolic risk in overweight-obese children (P=0.006, Eta=0.02), but not in normal weight children. Conversely, being overweight-obese increased cardiometabolic health risk in children with low fat levels (P<0.001, Eta=0.039), but not in high fit children. Conclusions: In pre-adolescent children, fitness and fatness associate with different cardio-metabolic risk. With regards to overall cardio-metabolic risk, high fitness may protect against overweight-obesity.

scholarly journals Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk factors: a network meta-analysis on isocaloric substitution interventions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Manuela Neuenschwander ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Anette E Buyken ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Dietary Sugars

ABSTRACT Background There is controversy on the relevance of dietary sugar intake for cardiometabolic health. Objective The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess how isocaloric substitutions of dietary sugar with other carbohydrates affect cardiometabolic risk factors, comparing different intervention studies. Methods We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the isocaloric effect of substituting dietary sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) with other sugars or starch on cardiometabolic risk markers, including LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver fat content. To identify the most beneficial intervention for each outcome, random-effects NMA was conducted by calculating pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs, and by ranking the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis tool. Results Thirty-eight RCTs, including 1383 participants, were identified. A reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentrations was shown for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.07 mmol/L) or fructose with starch (MD: −0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.05 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 98%). FG concentrations were also lower for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: −0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.01 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 91%). Replacing fructose with an equivalent energy amount of glucose reduced HOMA-IR (MD: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.71, −0.02; SUCRAglucose: 74%) and uric acid (MD: −23.77 µmol/L; 95% CI: −44.21, −3.32 µmol/L; SUCRAglucose: 93%). The certainty of evidence was rated very low to moderate. No significant effects were observed for TG, HbA1c, CRP, ALT, and AST. Conclusions Our findings indicate that substitution of sucrose and fructose with starch yielded lower LDL cholesterol. Insulin resistance and uric acid concentrations were beneficially affected by replacement of fructose with glucose. Our findings are limited by the very low to moderate certainty of evidence. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018080297.

Exploring New Relationships Between Physical Activity Volume and Intensity and Cardiometabolic Risk in U.S. Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Hatfield ◽  
Virginia R. Chomitz ◽  
Kenneth Chui ◽  
Jennifer M. Sacheck ◽  
Christina D. Economo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Inverse Association

Background:Associations between physical activity (PA) intensity and volume and adolescents’ cardiometabolic health have research, policy, and practice implications. This study compares associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and 1) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes versus total PA volume (accelerometer-derived total activity counts, TAC) and 2) light PA volume (counts at light intensity, L-TAC) versus moderate-to-vigorous PA volume (counts at moderate-to-vigorous intensity, MV-TAC).Methods:2105 adolescents from 2003– 2006 NHANES were included. Independent variables were MVPA minutes, TAC, L-TAC, and MV-TAC. Regression models tested associations between PA variables and continuous metabolic risk index (CMRI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL, insulin, and triglycerides.Results:TAC demonstrated a slightly stronger inverse association with CMRI (P = .004) than did MVPA (P = .013). TAC and MVPA were both associated with systolic and diastolic pressure, HDL, and insulin; associations were similar or slightly stronger for TAC. L-TAC and MV-TAC were both associated with CMRI and HDL. Only L-TAC was associated with diastolic pressure. Only MV-TAC was associated with waist circumference, systolic pressure, and insulin.Conclusions:Compared with MVPA minutes, TAC demonstrates similar or slightly stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. L-TAC and MV-TAC appear similarly associated with adolescents’ clustered risk but differently associated with individual risk factors.

scholarly journals Consumption of energy-dense diets in relation to cardiometabolic abnormalities among Iranian women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Hossein Khosravi Boroujeni ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between dietary energy density and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.SubjectsWe assessed habitual dietary intakes of 486 Iranian adult women by the use of a validated FFQ. Dietary energy density (DED) was calculated as each individual's reported daily energy intake (kJ/d, kcal/d) divided by the total weight of foods (excluding beverages) consumed (g/d). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl), dyslipidaemia (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) were determined. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ and ‘at least two risk factors’ of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. To explore the associations between DED and cardiometabolic risk factors, we obtained prevalence ratios in different models accounting for confounders.ResultsMean DED was 7·41 (sd1·46) kJ/g (1·77 (sd0·35) kcal/g). Consumption of energy-dense diets was associated with higher intakes of energy, dietary fat, cholesterol, vegetable oils, refined grains and high-fat dairy products, along with lower intakes of dietary carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, and meat and fish. Adherence to an energy-dense diet was associated with elevated levels of serum TAG, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lower levels of serum HDL cholesterol. Women in the top quartile of DED were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (61 %v. 31 %,P< 0·05), at least one (68 %v. 35 %,P< 0·05) and at least two (29 %v. 10 %,P< 0·05) cardiometabolic risk factors compared with those in the bottom quartile. Consumption of energy-dense diets was significantly associated with a greater chance of having dyslipidaemia (prevalence ratio in top quartilev. bottom quartile: 1·78; 95 % CI 1·33, 2·58), at least one (1·81; 1·44, 2·49) and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors (2·81; 1·51, 5·24). Additional control for BMI and total energy intake slightly attenuated the associations. No overall significant associations were found between consumption of energy-dense diets and risk of having diabetes or hypertension either before or after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsConsumption of energy-dense diets was significantly related to the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, at least one and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

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