scholarly journals Retinoic Acid, Leaky Gut, and Autoimmune Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Abdelhamid ◽  
Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

A leaky gut has been observed in a number of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that lupus mice also bear a leaky gut and that the intestinal barrier function can be enhanced by gut colonization of probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. Retinoic acid (RA) can increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut. Interestingly, RA has also been shown to strengthen the barrier function of epithelial cells in vitro and in the absence of probiotic bacteria. These reports bring up an interesting question of whether RA exerts protective effects on the intestinal barrier directly or through regulating the microbiota colonization. In this review, we will discuss the roles of RA in immunomodulation, recent literature on the involvement of a leaky gut in different autoimmune diseases, and how RA shapes the outcomes of these diseases.

scholarly journals Oxyresveratrol protective effects against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation on porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murphy L.Y. Wan ◽  
Ka Ho Ling ◽  
Hani El-Nezami ◽  
Mingfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxin contaminant and is known to impair intestinal barrier function. Previous experiments in our laboratory have proven that polyphenols such as resveratrol (RES) may be effective in enhancing epithelial barrier function. Due to the structural similarity of oxyresveratrol (OXY) with RES, it was hypothesized that OXY could also protect against DON-induced intestinal damage. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore potential protective effects of OXY against DON-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation on IPEC-J2 cells, in comparison to resveratrol (RES).The results showed that OXY increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and reduced FD-4 diffusion, whereas DON reduced TEER and increased FD-4 diffusion in IPEC-J2 cells. On the other hand, OXY reduced FD-4 diffusion in DON-damaged cells but showed no significant difference in terms of TEER. Such protective effects coincided with the significantly reduced E. coli translocation in cells co-exposed to DON and OXY. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that OXY protected against DON-induced barrier dysfunction by enhancing the expression of claudin-4 via mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent pathways. Apparently, OXY worked through the same way as RES did, with results dovetailed nicely with anticipation. These results imply that OXY may share similar health benefits with RES by enhancing epithelial barrier functions and protecting against DON-induced intestinal damage.

scholarly journals A New Look at the Pathogenesis and Possibilities of Treatment and Prevention of Autoimmune Diseases with the Role of the Intestinal Barrier and Increased Intestinal Permeability

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
T.V. Kostoglod ◽  
◽  
T.S. Krolevets ◽  
M.A. Livzan
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

We described components of the intestinal barrier that maintains to integrity and assess their contribution and development of leaky gut syndrome. The relationship between intestinal permeability syndrome and excessive bacterial translocation with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune hepatitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed. The reasons for the occurrence of this syndrome were considered, its importance in the occurrence of these diseases, as well as in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures, was determined.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutraceutical – Nutritional Approaches to Address Equine Leaky Gut Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ivan Lindinger
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Production Animals

Many of the nutrients beneficial for intestinal health are present in normal foods, but their normal daily intake may be too low to exert optimum effects on intestinal barrier function and immune status. Evidence from laboratory and farm production animals strongly supports dietary supplementation with additional nutrients and nutraceuticals, however research in horses remains scarce and inconclusive. Careful consideration of the outcome desired for horses in care, together with the types of nutraceuticals available, is needed to develop effective strategies for maintenance of healthy intestinal barrier function and for treatment of various leaky gut syndromes in horses. This review presents these issues in the context of what is known about the effects of nutraceutical-type nutrients on the mammalian (including equine) g.i. tract and intestinal microbiome with the aim of providing suggestions for the equine situation.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Let-7b on the Expression of Occludin by Targeting P38 MAPK in Preventing Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
Yinghai Tian ◽  
Yanqiong Jiang ◽  
Shihua Chen ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

Background/Aims: Let-7b was dramatically reduced after a dicer knockout of mice with intestinal barrier function injuries. This paper aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of let-7b by targeting p38 MAPK in preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction. Methods: A total of 186 patients were enrolled, with 93 in the control group and 93 in the PRO group. Only 158 patients completed the entire study, whereas the others either did not meet the inclusion criteria or refused to participate. To further verify the role of let-7b, intestinal epithelial conditional knockout (IKO) mice of mmu-let-7b model were established. Serum let-7b, zonulin, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were measured by ELISA or quantitative RT-PCR. Permeability assay was done by ussing chamber. The apoptotic cells were identified using an In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit. Protein was detected by western blot. Results: Probiotics can lower infection-related complications, as well as increase the serum and tissue let-7b levels. P38 MAPK was identified as the target of let-7b, as verified by NCM460 cells. P38 MAPK expression was increased, whereas tight-junction (TJ) proteins were significantly decreased in let-7b IKO mice (both P<0.05). Negative regulation of p38 MAPK molecular signaling pathways was involved in the protective effects of let-7b on intestinal barrier function. Conclusion: Let-7b was identified as a novel diagnosis biomarker or a potential treatment target for preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction.

scholarly journals Maize Flavan-4-ols and Anthocyanins Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via Intestinal Barrier Function Restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 488-488
Author(s):  
Binning Wu ◽  
Shiyu Li ◽  
Haotian Chang ◽  
Ruth Anderson ◽  
Surinder Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Gut Permeability

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins and flavan-4-ols (precursor of phlobaphenes) within a whole-food matrix against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using four maize near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ only in a single class of flavonoids. The four NILs are A (lacks anthocyanins and phlobaphenes), B (phlobaphenes +), C (anthocyanins +) and D (anthocyanins + and phlobaphenes +). Methods Conventional male C57BL6 mice were subjected to control diet 25% A, B, C, and D supplemented corn diet. Germ-free (GF) C57BL6 mice were subjected to either control or 25% D supplemented diet. Colitis was induced in both conventional and GF mice by 3% and 1.25% (w/v) DSS in the drinking water, respectively. Intestinal permeability was measured using FITC-dextran. RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression levels and 16S rRNA for bacterial relative abundance. Results In conventional mice, supplementation of A, B, C, and D prevented DSS-induced colon shortening and body weight loss compared to mice on the control diet (P &lt; 0.05). Mice supplemented with B, C, D diets had lower gut permeability than DSS mice (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) was suppressed in B, C and D supplemented mice whereas, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression was lowered in mice supplemented with C and D diets only. Supplementation of the four NILs decreased the abundance of the genus Pseudomonas in colitic mice (P &lt; 0.05). In GF mice, D diet ameliorated DSS-induced colon shortening and elevated gut permeability. The expression level of IL-6 and IL-1β were downregulated in GF mice fed with D diet (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions In summary, flavan-4-ols and/or anthocyanins in the whole-food matrix exerted their protective effects against DSS-induced chronic inflammation and concommitantly restored intestinal barrier function. GF mice experiment results demonstrated that above mentioned beneficial effects from bioactive corn compounds were partially independent of gut microbiota. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA awards 2016-67,017-29,285 and 2019-67,017-29,258.

scholarly journals The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8161
Author(s):  
Takaomi Kessoku ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
Kosuke Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Yamamoto ◽  
Kota Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

The liver directly accepts blood from the gut and is, therefore, exposed to intestinal bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between gut bacteria and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 10%–20% of NAFLD patients develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacilli may be involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. NAFLD hyperendotoxicemia has intestinal and hepatic factors. The intestinal factors include impaired intestinal barrier function (leaky gut syndrome) and dysbiosis due to increased abundance of ethanol-producing bacteria, which can change endogenous alcohol concentrations. The hepatic factors include hyperleptinemia, which is associated with an excessive response to endotoxins, leading to intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the relationship between gut bacteria and NAFLD has been targeted in some randomized controlled trials of probiotics and other agents, but the results have been inconsistent. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled study explored the utility of lubiprostone, a treatment for constipation, in restoring intestinal barrier function and improving the outcomes of NAFLD patients, marking a new phase in the development of novel therapies targeting the intestinal barrier. This review summarizes recent data from studies in animal models and randomized clinical trials on the role of the gut–liver axis in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression.

An arabinogalactan from Lycium barbarum attenuates DSS-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6J mice associated with modulation of intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Cao ◽  
Bei-Wei Zhu ◽  
Zhengqi Liu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Chunqing Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Colitis ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Enteric Tract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an incurable chronic inflammation of the enteric tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of arabinogalactan from Lycium barbarum on DSS-induced...

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