scholarly journals Ecotoxicity Assessment of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Exposure in Adult Zebrafish at an Environmental Pertinent Concentration by Behavioral and Biochemical Testing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Jung-Ren Chen ◽  
Sreeja Sarasamma ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Petrus Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fe3o4 Mnps

Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely being investigated as novel promising multifunctional agents, specifically in the fields of development for theranostics, electronics, waste water treatment, cosmetics, and energy storage devices. Unique, superior, and indispensable properties of magnetization, heat transfer, and melting temperature make MNPs emerge in the field of therapeutics in future healthcare industries. However, MNPs ecotoxicity as well as behavioral toxicity is still unexplored. Ecotoxicity analysis may assist investigate MNPs uptake mechanism and its influence on bioavailability under a given set of environmental factors, which can be followed to investigate the biomagnification of MNPs in the environment and health risk possessed by them in an ecological food chain. In this study, we attempted to determine the behavioral changes in zebrafishes at low (1 ppm) or high (10 ppm) concentration levels of Fe3O4 MNPs. The synthesized Fe3O4 MNPs sized at 15 nm were characterized by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, and the multiple behavior tests for novel tank, mirror biting, conspecific social interaction, shoaling, circadian rhythm, and short-term memory of zebrafish under MNPs chronic exposure were demonstrated. Low concentration MNP exposure did not trigger alteration for majority behavioral and biochemical tests in adult zebrafish. However, tight shoal groups were observed at a high concentration of MNPs exposure along with a modest reduction in fish exploratory behavior and a significant reduction in conspecific social interaction behavior. By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we found a high dose of MNPs exposure significantly elevated cortisol, acetylcholine, and catalase levels while reducing serotonin, acetylcholine esterase, and dopamine levels in the brain. Our data demonstrates chronic MNPs exposure at an environmentally-relevant dose is relatively safe by supporting evidence from an array of behavioral and biochemical tests. This combinational approach using behavioral and biochemical tests would be helpful for understanding the MNPs association with anticipated colloids and particles effecting bioavailability and uptake into cells and organisms.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Carbon-Coating Can Increase Its Biosafety: Evidences from Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Tests in Zebrafish

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Jung-Ren Chen ◽  
Petrus Siregar ◽  
Hua-Shu Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Waterborne Exposure

Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much attention in the field of biomedical engineering for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. Carbon magnetic nanoparticles (C-MNPs) are a class of MNPs categorized as organic nanoparticles. C-MNPs have been under considerable interest in studying in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, and intracellular transportof drugs. Research work is still largely in progress for testing the efficacy of C-MNPs on the theranostics platform in cellular studies and animal models. In this study, we evaluated the neurobehavioral toxicity parameters on the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at either low (1 ppm) or high (10 ppm) concentration level of C-MNPs over a period of two weeks by waterborne exposure. The physical properties of the synthesized C-MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and XRD spectrum characterization. Multiple behavior tests for the novel tank, mirror biting, predator avoidance, conspecific social interaction, shoaling, and analysis of biochemical markers were also conducted to elucidate the corresponding mechanism. Our data demonstrate the waterborne exposure of C-MNPs is less toxic than the uncoated MNPs since neither low nor high concentration C-MNPs elicit toxicity response in behavioral and biochemical tests in adult zebrafish. The approach combining biochemical and neurobehavioral approaches would be helpful for understanding C-MNPs association affecting the bioavailability, biosafety, interaction, and uptake of these C-MNPs in the living organism.

Liver Histological Improvement After Administration of High-Dose Vitamin C in Guinea Pig with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Seong-Hoon Park ◽  
A Lum Han ◽  
Na-Hyung Kim ◽  
Sae-Ron Shin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Histological Improvement ◽  
Vit C

Abstract. Background: Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant, and the health effects of vitamin C megadoses have not been validated despite the apparent health benefits. Therefore, the present study sought to confirm the effects of vitamin C megadoses. Materials and Methods : Four groups of six guinea pigs were used. Each group was fed one of the following diets for three weeks: normal diet, methionine choline-deficient diet, methionine choline-deficient diet + vitamin C megadose (MCD + vit C 2.5 g/kg/day), and methionine-choline deficient diet + ursodeoxycholic acid (MCD + UDCA 30 mg/kg/day). The MCD diet was given to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and UDCA was used to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Three weeks after initial diet administration, the results of biochemical tests and liver biopsy were compared between the groups. Results: The cytoplasm state was similar in the MCD + vit C and MCD + UDCA groups, exhibiting clearing of the cytoplasm and ballooning degeneration. However, macrovesicular steatosis was not observed in the MCD + vit C group. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were elevated significantly following vitamin C administration. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that alone vitamin C megadoses are potential remedies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, based on the liver biopsy results of guinea pigs that were unable to synthesize vitamin C.

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

Calibration Method for Elemental Quantification

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
C. B. Vartuli ◽  
F. A. Stevie ◽  
L. A. Giannuzzi ◽  
T. L. Shofner ◽  
B. M. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Borophosphosilicate Glass ◽  
Secondary Ion

Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) is generally calibrated for quantification using elemental standards. This can introduce errors when quantifying non-elemental samples and does not provide an accurate detection limit. In addition, variations between analysis tools can lead to values that differ considerably, especially for trace elements. By creating a standard with an exact trace composition, many of the errors inherent in EDS quantification measurements can be eliminated.The standards are created by high dose ion implantation. For ions implanted into silicon, a dose of 1E16 cm-2 results in a peak concentration of approximately 1E21 cm-3 or 2% atomic. The exact concentration can be determined using other methods, such as Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). For this study, SIMS analyses were made using a CAMECA IMS-6f magnetic sector. Measurement protocols were used that were developed for high concentration measurements, such as B and P in borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).

Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Jingping Xie ◽  
Mingyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Coffee Intake

Abstract Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between coffee and/or tea consumption and breast cancer (BC) risk among premenopausal and postmenopausal women and to conduct a network meta-analysis. Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Setting: We conducted a systematic review of electronic publications in the last 30 years to identify case–control studies or prospective cohort studies that evaluated the effects of coffee and tea intake. Results: Forty-five studies that included more than 3 323 288 participants were eligible for analysis. Network meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of coffee and/or tea consumption on reducing BC risk in a dose-dependent manner and differences in coffee/tea type, menopause status, hormone receptor and the BMI in subgroup and meta-regression analyses. According to the first pairwise meta-analysis, low-dose coffee intake and high-dose tea intake may exhibit efficacy in preventing ER(estrogen receptor)− BC, particularly in postmenopausal women. Then, we performed another pairwise and network meta-analysis and determined that the recommended daily doses were 2–3 cups/d of coffee or ≥5 cups/d of tea, which contained a high concentration of caffeine, particularly in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Coffee and tea consumption is not associated with a reduction in the overall BC risk in postmenopausal women and is associated with a potentially lower risk of ER− BC. And the highest recommended dose is 2–3 cups of coffee/d or ≥5 cups of tea/d. They are potentially useful dietary protectants for preventing BC.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic modulation of 5-fluorouracil by folinic acid and high-dose pyridoxine for treatment of patients with digestive tract carcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Machover ◽  
Wathek Almohamad ◽  
Vincent Castagné ◽  
Christophe Desterke ◽  
Léa Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Pancreas Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

AbstractSupplementation of cancer cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and folinic acid (FA) with high concentration pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, the cofactor of vitamin B6, potentiates the cytotoxicity of FUra in a synergistic interaction mode. We report a pilot study in 13 patients with previously untreated advanced carcinoma of the digestive tract to assess the impact of high-dose pyridoxine (PN) on the antitumor activity of regimens comprising FUra and FA. Five patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC); 5 had pancreas adenocarcinoma (PC); and 3 had squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (EC). Patients with CRC and with PC received oxaliplatin, irinotecan, FUra and FA, and patients with EC had paclitaxel, carboplatin, FUra and FA. PN iv from 1000 to 3000 mg/day preceded each administration of FA and FUra. Eleven patients responded. Two patients with CRC attained CRs and 3 had PRs with reduction rates ≥ 78%. Two patients with PC attained CRs, and 2 had PRs with reduction rates ≥ 79%. Responders experienced disappearance of most metastases. Of 3 patients with EC, 2 attained CRs. Median time to attain a response was 3 months. Unexpected toxicity did not occur. Results suggest that high-dose vitamin B6 enhances antitumor potency of regimens comprising FUra and FA.

scholarly journals Zinc Chloride Exposure Inhibits Brain Acetylcholine Levels, Produces Neurotoxic Signatures, and Diminishes Memory and Motor Activities in Adult Zebrafish

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Sarasamma ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Stevhen Juniardi ◽  
Bonifasius Sampurna ◽  
Sung-Tzu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Low Concentrations

In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensional (3D) locomotion, passive avoidance, aggression, circadian rhythm, and predator avoidance tests. Also, brain tissues were dissected and subjected to analysis of multiple parameters related to oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitters. The results showed that ZnCl2-exposed fishes displayed decreased locomotor behavior and impaired short-term memory, which caused an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-like syndrome. In addition, low concentrations of ZnCl2 induced amyloid beta (amyloid β) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein levels in brains. In addition, significant induction in oxidative stress indices (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), reduction in antioxidant defense system (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) and SOD) and changes in neurotransmitters were observed at low concentrations of ZnCl2. Neurotoxic effects of ZnCl2 were observed with significant inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) activity when the exposure dose was higher than 1 ppm. Furthermore, we found that zinc, metallothionein (MT), and cortisol levels in brain were elevated compared to the control group. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In summary, these findings revealed that exposure to ZnCl2 affected the behavior profile of zebrafish, and induced neurotoxicity which may be associated with damaged brain areas related to memory. Moreover, our ZnCl2-induced zebrafish model may have potential for AD-associated research in the future.

scholarly journals The effects of IGF-I on bovine follicle development and IGFBP-2 expression are dose and stage dependent

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty A Walters ◽  
John P Binnie ◽  
Bruce K Campbell ◽  
David G Armstrong ◽  
Evelyn E Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Igf I

This study aimed to determine the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on early antral bovine follicular development, and the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2). Antral follicles separated into three different size groups were cultured for 6 days in medium supplemented with either a low (10 ng/ml) or high (1 μg/ml) dose of human recombinant IGF-I. Oestradiol production by follicles in all size ranges, cultured in the presence of the high concentration of IGF-I, significantly increased by day 6 (P < 0.05). Follicles in the smallest size range, 165–215 μm, cultured in a high dose of IGF-I, were found to be significantly increased in size (P < 0.01). Oocyte health of the largest follicles (281–380 μm) was significantly improved by the addition of IGF-I to the culture medium. mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 was decreased in the granulosa cells of follicles, size range 216–280 μm, cultured with a high dose of IGF-I (P < 0.05). Granulosa cells (P < 0.05) and oocytes (P < 0.01) of the largest follicles (281–380 μm) showed a decrease in IGFBP-2 expression (protein) when cultured in the control and low-IGF-I treatment groups. Therefore, the response of a bovine follicle to IGF-I is both dose and stage dependent. This work supports a role for IGF-I in modulating somatic and germ-cell maturation and development in early antral follicles. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between the level of IGF-I stimulation and IGFBP-2 expression suggests a local regulatory system modulating IGF-I availability.

scholarly journals Conflict of the Social Environment as a Subject of Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2 (340)) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Vitalii Kurylo ◽  
◽  
Olena Karaman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The article presents a theoretical and experimental substantiation of the problem of conflict of the social environment in Luhansk region as a consequence of the hybrid warfare in East of Ukraine. It is determined that the conflict is an active reciprocal actions of opponents to achieve their goals, colored by strong emotional experiences; social conflict is opened confrontation, collision of two or more subjects and participants of social interaction, the causes of which are perceived incompatible needs, interests and values. It is established that as a result of the hybrid warfare in the communities of East of Ukraine a high concentration of different categories of the population was formed, which caused an increased level of conflict in the social environment. The results of a sociological study on determining the level of conflict in the social environment in Luhansk region within the Project of EU «Intensification of the influence of teachers in Luhansk region on the processes of reconciliation and peace» are presented. It has been experimentally proven that the hybrid warfare in East of Ukraine caused a high level of conflict in the social environment of Luhansk region at the level of community, collective and individual and caused the need for targeted influence on reconciliation and peace in the region.

scholarly journals High Concentration of C5a-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Murine Kidney Endothelial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Jung Tsai ◽  
Wei-Chou Lin ◽  
Yao-Hsu Yang ◽  
Yu-Lin Tseng ◽  
Yen-Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
High Concentrations

Patients with a relapse of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome have significantly increased levels of serum complement component 5a (C5a), and proteinuria has been noted in mice treated with C5a via changes in permeability of kidney endothelial cells (KECs) in established animal models. However, the apoptosis of KECs treated with high concentrations of C5a has also been observed. As mitochondrial damage is known to be important in cell apoptosis, the aim of this study was to examine the association between C5a-induced mouse KEC apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Mouse KECs were isolated and treated with different concentrations of C5a. Cell viability assays showed that a high-concentration mouse recombinant protein C5a (rmC5a) treatment reduced mouse KEC growth. Cell cycle phase analysis, including apoptosis (sub-G1 phase) showed an increased percentage of the subG1 phase with a high-concentration rmC5a treatment. Cytochrome c and caspase 3/9 activities were significantly induced in the mouse KECs after a high-dose rmC5a (50 ng/mL) treatment, and this was rescued by pretreatment with the C5a receptor (C5aR) inhibitor (W-54011) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected in C5a-treated mouse KECs; however, W-54011 or NAC pretreatment inhibited high-dose rmC5a-induced ROS formation and also reduced cytochrome c release, apoptotic cell formation, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. These factors determined the apoptosis of mouse KECs treated with high-dose C5a through C5aR and subsequently led to apoptosis via ROS regeneration and cytochrome c release. The results showed that high concentrations of C5a induced mouse KEC apoptosis via a C5aR/ROS/mitochondria-dependent pathway. These findings may shed light on the potential mechanism of glomerular sclerosis, a process in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome causing renal function impairment.

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