scholarly journals Differential Cytotoxicity of Different Sizes of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangiliyandi Gurunathan ◽  
Min-Hee Kang ◽  
Muniyandi Jeyaraj ◽  
Jin-Hoi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Size Dependent

Graphene oxide (GO) is an common nanomaterial and has attracted unlimited interest in academia and industry due to its physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as for its tremendous potential in applications in various fields, including nanomedicine. Whereas studies have evaluated the size-dependent cytotoxicity of GO in cancer cells, there have been no studies on the biological behavior of ultra-small graphene nanosheets in germ cells. To investigate, for the first time, the cyto- and geno- toxic effects of different sizes of GO in two different cell types, Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells, we synthesized different sized GO nanosheets with an average size of 100 and 20 nm by a modification of Hummers’ method, and characterized them by various analytical techniques. Cell viability and proliferation assays showed significant size- and dose-dependent toxicity with GO-20 and GO-100. Interestingly, GO-20 induced significant loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, higher levels of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared to GO-100. Both GO-100 and GO-20 induced significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in TM3 and TM4 cells, which is a critical factor for ROS generation. Furthermore, GO-100 and GO-20 caused oxidative damage to DNA by increasing the levels of 8-oxo-dG, which is formed by direct attack of ROS on DNA; GO-100 and GO-20 upregulate various genes responsible for DNA damage and apoptosis. We found that phosphorylation levels of EGFR/AKT signaling molecules, which are related to cell survival and apoptosis, were significantly altered after GO-100 and GO-20 exposure. Our results showed that GO-20 has more potent toxic effects than GO-100, and that the loss of MMP and apoptosis are the main toxicity responses to GO-100 and GO-20 treatments, which likely occur due to EGFR/AKT pathway regulation. Collectively, our results suggest that both GO-100 and GO-20 exhibit size-dependent germ cell toxicity in male somatic cells, particularly TM3 cells, which seem to be more sensitive compared to TM4, which strongly suggests that applications of GO in commercial products must be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals Enamel Anti-Demineralization Effect of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Bioactive Glass and Graphene Oxide: an in-Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Seog-Young Yoon ◽  
In-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Bong-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Base Solution

White spot lesions (WSLs), a side effect of orthodontic treatment, can result in reversible and unaesthetic results. Graphene oxide (GO) with a bioactive glass (BAG) mixture(BAG@GO) was added to Low Viscosity Transbond XT(LV) in a ratio of 1, 3, 5%. The composite’s characterization and its physical and biological properties were verified with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD); its microhardness, shear bond stress (SBS), cell viability, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were also assessed. Efficiency in reducing WSL was evaluated using antibacterial activity of S. mutans. Anti-demineralization was analyzed using a cycle of the acid-base solution. Adhesives with 3 or 5 wt.% of BAG@GO showed significant increase in microhardness compared with LV. The sample and LV groups showed no significant differences in SBS or ARI. The cell viability test confirmed that none of the sample groups showed higher toxicity compared to the LV group. Antibacterial activity was higher in the 48-hour group than in the 24-hour group; the 48-hour test showed that BAG@GO had a high antibacterial effect, which was more pronounced in 5 wt.% of BAG@GO. Anti-demineralization effect was higher in the BAG@GO-group than in the LV-group; the higher the BAG@GO concentration, the higher the anti-demineralization effect.

scholarly journals Novel Bioactive and Antibacterial Acrylic Bone Cement Nanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata ◽  
José Herminsul Mina Hernandez ◽  
Carlos David Grande Tovar ◽  
Carlos Humberto Valencia Llano ◽  
José Alfredo Diaz Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Surgical Interventions

Acrylic bone cements (ABCs) have played a key role in orthopedic surgery mainly in arthroplasties, but their use is increasingly extending to other applications, such as remodeling of cancerous bones, cranioplasties, and vertebroplasties. However, these materials present some limitations related to their inert behavior and the risk of infection after implantation, which leads to a lack of attachment and makes necessary new surgical interventions. In this research, the physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of ABCs modified with chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression resistance, mechanical dynamic analysis (DMA), hydrolytic degradation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with human osteoblasts (HOb), and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used to characterize the ABCs. The results revealed good dispersion of GO nanosheets in the ABCs. GO provided an increase in antibacterial activity, roughness, and flexural behavior, while CS generated porosity, increased the rate of degradation, and decreased compression properties. All ABCs were not cytotoxic and support good cell viability of HOb. The novel formulation of ABCs containing GO and CS simultaneously, increased the thermal stability, flexural modulus, antibacterial behavior, and osteogenic activity, which gives it a high potential for its uses in orthopedic applications.

scholarly journals Toxicity mitigation by N-acetylcysteine and synergistic toxic effect of nano and bulk ZnO to Panagrellus redivivus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Virág Kiss ◽  
Zoltán Sávoly ◽  
András Ács ◽  
Anikó Seres ◽  
Péter István Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Test Organism ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Test System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Panagrellus Redivivus

AbstractTo better understand the nanosize-relevant toxic effects and underlying mechanisms, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as a mitigation agent, an ionic form of Zn (ZnCl2), and the binary mixture of ZnO with different particle sizes (15 nm and 140 nm), was used in toxicity assays with the nematode Panagrellus redivivus. The ZnCl2 concentrations were applied to show the amount of dissolved Zn ions present in the test system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measuring method was developed to fit the used test system. Our studies have shown that NAC can mitigate the toxic effects of both studied particle sizes. In the applied concentrations, ZnCl2 was less toxic than both of the ZnO particles. This finding indicates that not only ions and ROS produced by the dissolution are behind the toxic effects of the ZnO NPs, but also other particle size-dependent toxic effects, like the spontaneous ROS generation, are also relevant. When the two materials were applied in binary mixtures, the toxic effects increased significantly, and the dissolved zinc content and the ROS generation also increased. It is assumed that the chemical and physical properties of the materials have been mutually reinforcing to form a more reactive mixture that is more toxic to the P. redivivus test organism. Our findings demonstrate the importance of using mitigation agent and mixtures to evaluate the size-dependent toxicity of the ZnO. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Enamel Anti-Demineralization Effect of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Bioactive Glass and Graphene Oxide: An In-Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Seog-Young Yoon ◽  
In-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Bong-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Base Solution

White spot lesions (WSLs), a side effect of orthodontic treatment, can result in reversible and unaesthetic results. Graphene oxide (GO) with a bioactive glass (BAG) mixture (BAG@GO) was added to Low-Viscosity Transbond XT (LV) in a ratio of 1, 3, and 5%. The composite’s characterization and its physical and biological properties were verified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); its microhardness, shear bond strength (SBS), cell viability, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were also assessed. Efficiency in reducing WSL was evaluated using antibacterial activity of S. mutans. Anti-demineralization was analyzed using a cycle of the acid-base solution. Adhesives with 3 wt.% or 5 wt.% of BAG@GO showed significant increase in microhardness compared with LV. The sample and LV groups showed no significant differences in SBS or ARI. The cell viability test confirmed that none of the sample groups showed higher toxicity compared to the LV group. Antibacterial activity was higher in the 48-h group than in the 24 h group; the 48 h test showed that BAG@GO had a high antibacterial effect, which was more pronounced in 5 wt.% of BAG@GO. Anti-demineralization effect was higher in the BAG@GO-group than in the LV-group; the higher the BAG@GO concentration, the higher the anti-demineralization effect.

scholarly journals CBIO-07. CELL DEATH INDUCED BY AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD IN PATIENT DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii17-ii17
Author(s):  
Shashank Hambarde ◽  
Martyn Sharpe ◽  
David Baskin ◽  
Santosh Helekar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Novel Therapy

Abstract Noninvasive cancer therapy with minimal side effects would be ideal for improving patient outcome in the clinic. We have developed a novel therapy using strong rotating magnets mounted on a helmet. They generate oscillating magnetic fields (OMF) that penetrate through the skull and cover the entire brain. We have demonstrated that OMF can effectively kill patient derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells in cell culture without having cytotoxic effects on cortical neurons and normal human astrocytes (NHA). Exposure of GBM cells to OMF reduced the cell viability by 33% in comparison to sham-treated cells (p< 0.001), while not affecting NHA cell viability. Time lapse video-microscopy for 16 h after OMF exposure showed a marked elevation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rapid apoptosis of GBM cells due to activation of caspase 3. Addition of a potent antioxidant vitamin E analog Trolox effectively blocked OMF-induced GBM cell death. Furthermore, OMF significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant Benzylamine. The results of our studies demonstrate that OMF-induced cell death is mediated by ROS generation. These results demonstrate a potent oncolytic effect on GBM cells that is novel and unrelated to any previously described therapy, including a very different mechanism of action and different technology compared to Optune therapy. The effect is very powerful, and unlike Optune, can be seen within hours after initiation of treatment. We believe that this technology holds great promise for new, effective and nontoxic treatment of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Reaction between Graphene Oxide and Intracellular Glutathione Affects Cell Viability and Proliferation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 3528-3535
Author(s):  
Baojin Ma ◽  
Shi Guo ◽  
Yuta Nishina ◽  
Alberto Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione

scholarly journals Comparative Toxic Effects of Manufactured Nanoparticles and Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yun Wu ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Shaojuan Luo ◽  
Yunfeng Gu ◽  
Dongyang Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lung Epithelial

Although nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as simplified atmospheric particulate matter (PM) models, little experimental evidence is available to support such simulations. In this study, we comparatively assessed the toxic effects of PM and typical NPs (four carbonaceous NPs with different morphologies, metal NPs of Fe, Al, and Ti, as well as SiO2 NPs) on human lung epithelial A549 cells. The EC50 value of PM evaluated by cell viability assay was 148.7 μg/mL, closest to that of SiO2 NPs, between the values of carbonaceous NPs and metal NPs. All particles caused varying degrees of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) suppression. TiO2 NPs showed similar performance with PM in inducing ROS production (p < 0.05). Small variations between two carbonaceous NPs (graphene oxides and graphenes) and PM were also observed at 50 μg/mL. Similarly, there was no significant difference in ATP inhibition between carbonaceous NPs and PM, while markedly different effects were caused by SiO2 NP and TiO2 NP exposure. Our results indicated that carbonaceous NPs could be served as potential surrogates for urban PM. The identification of PM model may help us further explore the specific roles and mechanisms of various components in PM.

Synthesis of high-performance graphene nanosheets by thermal reduction of graphene oxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Wei ◽  
Jingxia Wang ◽  
Qing Long ◽  
Xiangmei Liu ◽  
Xingao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Thermal Reduction

scholarly journals Biological Characteristics and Odontogenic Differentiation Effects of Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4661
Author(s):  
Yemi Kim ◽  
Donghee Lee ◽  
Hye-Min Kim ◽  
Minjoo Kye ◽  
Sin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Runx2 Expression ◽  
Pulp Capping ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Odontogenic Differentiation

We compared calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials to conventional calcium hydroxide in terms of their biological properties and potential effects on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). We cultured hDPSCs on disks (7-mm diameter, 4-mm high) of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), TheraCal LC (Bisco), or Dycal (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties). Cell viability was assessed with cell counting (CCK) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Odontogenic activity was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR). CCK assays showed that Dycal reduced cell viability compared to the other materials (p < 0.05). SEM showed low and absent cell attachment on TheraCal LC and Dycal disks, respectively. hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC and Dycal showed higher ALP activity on day 6 than the control group (p < 0.05). The day-9 Runx2 expression was higher in the ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). On day 14, the ProRoot MTA group showed the highest dentin sialophosphoprotein levels (not significant; p > 0.05). In conclusion, various pulp capping materials, except Dycal, exhibited biological properties favorable to hDPSC viability. ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC promoted higher Runx2 expression than Biodentine. Future studies should explore the odontogenic potential of pulp capping materials.

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