scholarly journals Research Progress in Organic Photomultiplication Photodetectors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Shi ◽  
Qiangbing Liang ◽  
Wenyan Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carrier Tunneling ◽  
Organic Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Molecular Compounds ◽  
Made In

Organic photomultiplication photodetectors have attracted considerable research interest due to their extremely high external quantum efficiency and corresponding high detectivity. Significant progress has been made in the aspects of their structural design and performance improvement in the past few years. There are two types of organic photomultiplication photodetectors, which are made of organic small molecular compounds and polymers. In this paper, the research progress in each type of organic photomultiplication photodetectors based on the trap assisted carrier tunneling effect is reviewed in detail. In addition, other mechanisms for the photomultiplication processes in organic devices are introduced. Finally, the paper is summarized and the prospects of future research into organic photomultiplication photodetectors are discussed.

Challenges in Sharing Computer and Network Logs

2010 ◽  
pp. 2310-2325
Author(s):  
Adam Slagell ◽  
Kiran Lakkaraju
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Made In

It is desirable for many reasons to share information, particularly computer and network logs. Researchers need it for experiments, incident responders need it for collaborative security, and educators need this data for real world examples. However, the sensitive nature of this information often prevents its sharing. Anonymization techniques have been developed in recent years that help reduce risk and navigate the trade-offs between privacy, security and the need to openly share information. This chapter looks at the progress made in this area of research over the past several years, identifies the major problems left to solve and sets a roadmap for future research.

Some Pain, Some Gain: Reflections on the Past Two Decades of Neonatal Pain Research and Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Franck
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Neonatal Pain ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Infant Pain ◽  
Made In

This review reflects back on the progress that has been made in infant pain research over the past 20 years and how the research has influenced (or has failed to influence) the attitudes and practices of health professionals about infant pain. Progress in understanding of infant pain neurobiology, treatment, and measurement are discussed, and new directions for future research are proposed.

Revisiting the strategy-performance linkage

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Antero Luoma
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategy Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Generic Strategies ◽  
Made In

Purpose – The linkage between strategy and performance is central to strategic management. Empirical studies have nevertheless produced mixed results on the nature of this relationship, and in recent decades, very little advancement has been made in research aimed at elucidating this relationship. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to identify the approaches to the strategy-performance linkage in previous studies and defines five principles that should characterize future research on this relationship. The paper develops a novel research design that follows these principles and tests the usefulness of this research design in practice. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is exploratory in nature and its empirical methods include content analysis, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis. The primary difference between this paper and studies in the mainstream literature on the linkage between strategy and performance relates to the application of an endogenous strategy typology instead of predefined strategy categories. Findings – The analysis shows that the adopted research design based on five principles is applicable to research on the linkage between strategy and performance and that such a research design produces meaningful results. The results support the findings of earlier studies regarding the potential of “hybrid” strategies for achieving superior firm performance. Research limitations/implications – This paper challenges the dominance of generic strategies in research on the strategy-performance linkage and provides statistical data that lay the foundation for more detailed investigation on this relationship. The paper argues for a contextually bound view of strategic management. Originality/value – This paper invigorates the discussion on the linkage between strategy and performance, which has long been diminishing as a research topic in the literature because of contradictory results and the lack of fresh research opportunities. This paper further introduces a methodology that has been underutilized in the study of strategic management.

A Review of Recent Developments in the Mechanisms of Antifatigue Agents

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Scott
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Material Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Made In

Abstract In spite of the remarkable advances that have been made in the engineering design of tires during the past two decades, the basic formulations used in vulcanization and protection during service have essentially remained unchanged. This is to a large extent due to two major factors: 1. The versatility of the traditional accelerated sulfur curing system which provides the necessary combination of resilience and strength with good resistance to cyclical stress. 2. The development of diarylamine antidegradants which confer a high level of thermal-oxidative and mechano-oxidative (fatigue) resistance to the rubber. Both of these developments have occurred slowly with small incremental improvements and, probably because of their success, relatively little fundamental work has been published which addresses the questions of why a polysulfide network is so resistant to fatigue and why N-sec-alkyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamines are so much more successful as antidegradants than other classes of antioxidant. It is becoming evident, however, that if tires are to withstand the increasingly demanding conditions to which they are subjected in service, much more attention must be paid to the material design as opposed to the structural design of tires. Nowhere is this more evident than in aircraft tires. Recent studies have shown that the tires of heavily laden wide-bodied aircraft reach temperatures in excess of 70°C at the relatively modest speed of 32 km/h (20 mph). Similarly, in heavy duty truck tires, temperatures over 100°C are not abnormal in the shoulder region. This leads to extensive restructurization of the fatigue resistant polysulfide network, particularly in the shoulder of the tire, to give a much weaker mono-disulfide structure. It is no coincidence then that failure normally occurs in this region. The practice of multiple retreading exacerbates the change in chemical decomposition of the rubber. It is well known to the rubber scientist that extending the vulcanization process also leads to restructurization of the rubber network from polysulfide to mono- and disulfide. This is shown typically for a HAF-black tire formulation at 140°C in Figure 1. Antidegradants have virtually no effect on anaerobic restructurization (see Figure 2), and indeed, the established antifatigue agent, IPPD (I), actually accelerates the loss of polysulfide crosslinks from the vulcanizate at 140°C. During fatiguing, on the other hand, IPPD effectively retards restructurization (see Figure 3), whereas a typical bisphenol, nonstaining antidegradant, II, has much less effect.

Measurement Errors in Reports of Consumer Expenditures

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Neter
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
Made In

Empirical findings on measurement errors in reports by consumers of expenditures made in the past are reviewed, the implications of these findings for survey design are considered, and the needs for future research are discussed.

On the mechanism of myocardial sensitization to catecholamines by hydrocarbon anesthetics

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Bundle Of His ◽  
Made In

During the past decade, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanism underlying sensitization of the heart to the arrhythmogenic action of catecholamines by hydrocarbon anesthetics. This review includes the following: a brief discussion on the concepts of the mechanisms of induction of cardiac arrhythmias; recent studies on sensitization with special reference to the primary locus of this action and the principal mechanisms involved; and the contributions made by microelectrode studies on various types of cardiac tissue and the importance of cardiodynamic effects. In addition, atrioventricular conduction studies using bundle of His preparations are described. Drug interaction between anesthetic agents, muscle relaxants, and other drugs are discussed. Suggestions for future research and a section of summary and conclusions are included.

Structure, mechanism, and performance evaluation of natural gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida Shahnazar ◽  
Samira Bagheri ◽  
Amin TermehYousefi ◽  
Javad Mehrmashhadi ◽  
Mohd Sayuti Abd Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
And Performance

AbstractIce-like crystal compounds, which are formed in low-temperature and high-pressure thermodynamic conditions and composed of a combination of water molecules and guest gas molecules, are called gas hydrates. Since its discovery and recognition as the responsible component for blockage of oil and gas transformation line, hydrate has been under extensive review by scientists. In particular, the inhibition techniques of hydrate crystals have been updated in order to reach the more economically and practically feasible methods. So far, kinetic hydrate inhibition has been considered as one of the most effective techniques over the past decade. This review is intended to classify the recent studies regarding kinetic hydrate inhibitors, their structure, mechanism, and techniques for their performance evaluation. In addition, this communication further analyzes the areas that are more in demand to be considered in future research.

scholarly journals Team Membership Change “Events”: A Review and Reconceptualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-251
Author(s):  
Hayley M. Trainer ◽  
Justin M. Jones ◽  
Jacob G. Pendergraft ◽  
Cynthia K. Maupin ◽  
Dorothy R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Membership Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Team Functioning ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Change Event

Driven by views of teams as dynamic systems with permeable boundaries, scholars are increasingly seeking to better understand how team membership changes (i.e., team members joining and/or leaving) shape the functioning and performance of organizational teams. However, empirical studies of team membership change appear to be progressing in three largely independent directions as researchers consider: (a) how newcomers impact and are impacted by the teams they join; (b) how teams adapt to member departures; or (c) how teams function under conditions of high membership fluidity, with little theoretical integration or consensus across these three areas. To accelerate an integrative stream of research on team membership change, we advance a conceptual framework which depicts each team membership change as a discrete team-level “event” which shapes team functioning to the extent to which it is “novel,” “disruptive,” and “critical” for the team. We use this framework to guide our review and synthesis of empirical studies of team membership change published over the past 20 years. Our review reveals numerous factors, across conceptual levels of the organization, that determine the strength (i.e., novelty, disruptiveness, criticality) of a team membership change event and, consequently, its impact on team functioning and performance. In closing, we provide propositions for future research that integrate a multilevel, event-based perspective of team membership change and demonstrate how team membership change events may impact organizational systems over time and across levels of observation.

scholarly journals Research progress on the application of feed additives in ruminal methane emission reduction: a review

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11151
Author(s):  
Kang Sun ◽  
Huihui Liu ◽  
Huiyu Fan ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Chen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Background Ruminal methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants not only pollute the environment and exacerbate the greenhouse effect, but also cause animal energy losses and low production efficiency. Consequently, it is necessary to find ways of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Studies have reported that feed additives such as nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts significantly reduce ruminant methane; however, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. The present article summarizes research over the past five years on the effects of nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, probiotics, and plant extracts on methane emissions in ruminants. The paper could provide theoretical support and guide future research in animal production and global warming mitigation. Methods This review uses the Web of Science database to search keywords related to ruminants and methane reduction in the past five years, and uses Sci-Hub, PubMed, etc. as auxiliary searchers. Read, filter, list, and summarize all the retrieved documents, and finally complete this article. Results Most of the extracts can not only significantly reduce CH4 greenhouse gas emissions, but they will not cause negative effects on animal and human health either. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanisms of CH4 production in ruminants and the application and effects of N-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts on CH4 emission reduction in ruminants based on published studies over the past 5 years. Conclusion Our review provides a theoretical basis for future research and the application of feed additives in ruminant CH4 emission reduction activities.

scholarly journals Research progress on design strategies, synthesis and performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (127) ◽  
pp. 105248-105258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangxin Mao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jianmin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
And Performance

In this work, we review recent progress in structural design, designing composites with graphene/carbon nanotubes, crystalline doping, and coatings for improving the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4-based cathode materials.

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