scholarly journals LiAl5O8:Fe3+ and LiAl5O8:Fe3+, Nd3+ as a New Luminescent Nanothermometer Operating in 1st Biological Optical Window

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kniec ◽  
Marta Tikhomirov ◽  
Blazej Pozniak ◽  
Karolina Ledwa ◽  
Lukasz Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Optical Window ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽  
First Time

New types of contactless luminescence nanothermometers, namely, LiAl5O8:Fe3+ and LiAl5O8:Fe3+, Nd3+ are presented for the first time, revealing the potential for applications in biological systems. The temperature-sensing capability of the nanocrystals was analyzed in wide range of temperature (−150 to 300 °C). The emission intensity of the Fe3+ ions is affected by the change in temperature, which induces quenching of the 4T1 (4G) → 6A1 (6S) Fe3+ transition situated in the 1st biological window. The highest relative sensitivity in the temperature range (0 to 50 °C) was found to be 0.82% °C (at 26 °C) for LiAl5O8: 0.05% Fe3+ nanoparticles that are characterized by long luminescent lifetime of 5.64 ms. In the range of low and high temperatures the Smax was calculated for LiAl5O8:0.5% Fe3+ to be 0.92% °C at −100 °C and for LiAl5O8:0.01% Fe3+ to be 0.79% °C at 150 °C. The cytotoxicity assessment carried out on the LiAl5O8:Fe3+ nanocrystals, demonstrated that they are biocompatible and may be utilized for in vivo temperature sensing. The ratiometric luminescent nanothermometer, LiAl5O8:Fe3+, Nd3+, which was used as a reference, possesses an Smax = 0.56%/°C at −80 °C, upon separate excitation of Fe3+ and Nd3+ ions using 266 nm and 808 nm light, respectively.

scholarly journals Autophagy Deficiency by Atg4B Loss Leads to Metabolomic Alterations in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Gemma G. Martínez-García ◽  
Raúl F. Pérez ◽  
Álvaro F. Fernández ◽  
Sylvere Durand ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Autophagy is an essential protective mechanism that allows mammalian cells to cope with a variety of stressors and contributes to maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Due to these crucial roles and also to the fact that autophagy malfunction has been described in a wide range of pathologies, an increasing number of in vivo studies involving animal models targeting autophagy genes have been developed. In mammals, total autophagy inactivation is lethal, and constitutive knockout models lacking effectors of this route are not viable, which has hindered so far the analysis of the consequences of a systemic autophagy decline. Here, we take advantage of atg4b−/− mice, an autophagy-deficient model with only partial disruption of the process, to assess the effects of systemic reduction of autophagy on the metabolome. We describe for the first time the metabolic footprint of systemic autophagy decline, showing that impaired autophagy results in highly tissue-dependent alterations that are more accentuated in the skeletal muscle and plasma. These changes, which include changes in the levels of amino-acids, lipids, or nucleosides, sometimes resemble those that are frequently described in conditions like aging, obesity, or cardiac damage. We also discuss different hypotheses on how impaired autophagy may affect the metabolism of several tissues in mammals.

scholarly journals Exploiting variability of single cells to uncover the in vivo hierarchy of miRNA targets

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jerzy Rzepiela ◽  
Arnau Vina-Vilaseca ◽  
Jeremie Breda ◽  
Souvik Ghosh ◽  
Afzal P Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽  
Mirna Targets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics ◽  
Cell To Cell Variability ◽  
First Time

MiRNAs are post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression that may additionally reduce the cell-to-cell variability in protein expression, induce correlations between target expression levels and provide a layer through which targets can influence each other's expression as 'competing RNAs' (ceRNAs). Here we combined single cell sequencing of human embryonic kidney cells in which the expression of two distinct miRNAs was induced over a wide range, with mathematical modeling, to estimate Michaelis-Menten (KM)-type constants for hundreds of evolutionarily conserved miRNA targets. These parameters, which we inferred here for the first time in the context of the entire network of endogenous miRNA targets, vary over ~2 orders of magnitude. They reveal an in vivo hierarchy of miRNA targets, defined by the concentration of miRNA-Argonaute complexes at which the targets are most sensitively down-regulated. The data further reveals miRNA-induced correlations in target expression at the single cell level, as well as the response of target noise to the miRNA concentration. The approach is generalizable to other miRNAs and post-transcriptional regulators and provides a deeper understanding of gene expression dynamics.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Xylopia aromatica by HS‑SPME/GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Junqueira ◽  
Michelle do Nascimento ◽  
Lucas da Costa ◽  
Lincoln Romualdo ◽  
Francisco de Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Relative Sensitivity of V5+, V4+ and V3+ Based Luminescent Thermometer by the Optimization of the Stoichiometry of Y3Al5−xGaxO12 Nanocrystals

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kniec ◽  
Ledwa ◽  
Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Temperature Range

In this work the influence of the Ga3+ concentration on the luminescent properties and the abilities of the Y3Al5−xGaxO12: V nanocrystals to noncontact temperature sensing were investigated. It was shown that the increase of the Ga3+ amount enables enhancement of V4+ emission intensity in respect to the V3+ and V5+ and thus modify the color of emission. The introduction of Ga3+ ions provides the appearance of the crystallographic sites, suitable for V4+ occupation. Consequently, the increase of V4+ amount facilitates V5+ → V4+ interionic energy transfer throughout the shortening of the distance between interacting ions. The opposite thermal dependence of V4+ and V5+ emission intensities enables to create the bandshape luminescent thermometr of the highest relative sensitivity of V-based luminescent thermometers reported up to date (Smax, 2.64%/°C, for Y3Al2Ga3O12 at 0 °C). An approach of tuning the performance of Y3Al5−xGaxO12: V nanocrystals to luminescent temperature sensing, including the spectral response, maximal relative sensitivity and usable temperature range, by the Ga3+ doping was presented and discussed.

scholarly journals In VitroAntifungal Susceptibility of Candida glabrata to Caspofungin and the Presence ofFKSMutations Correlate with Treatment Response in an Immunocompromised Murine Model of Invasive Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 3646-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Fernández-Silva ◽  
Michaela Lackner ◽  
Javier Capilla ◽  
Emilio Mayayo ◽  
Deanna Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTIt has been argued that thein vitroactivity of caspofungin (CSP) is not a good predictor of the outcome of echinocandin treatmentin vivo. We evaluated thein vitroactivity of CSP and the presence ofFKSmutations in the hot spot 1 (HS1) region of theFKS1andFKS2genes in 17 Candida glabratastrains with a wide range of MICs. The efficacy of CSP against systemic infections from each of the 17 strains was evaluated in a murine model. No HS1 mutations were found in the eight strains showing MICs for CSP of ≤0.5 μg/ml, but they were present in eight of the nine strains with MICs of ≥1 μg/ml, i.e., three in theFKS1gene and five in theFKS2gene. CSP was effective for treating mice infected with strains with MICs of ≤0.5 μg/ml, showed variable efficacy in animals challenged with strains with MICs of 1 μg/ml, and did not work in those with strains with MICs of >1 μg/ml. In addition, mutations, including one reported for the first time, were found outside the HS1 region in theFKS2gene of six strains with different MICs, but their presence did not influence drug efficacy. Thein vitroactivity of CSP was compared with that of another echinocandin, anidulafungin, suggesting that the MICs of both drugs, as well as mutations in the HS1 regions of theFKS1andFKS2genes, are predictive of outcome.

Feasible organic films using noninterfering emitters for sensitive and spatial high-temperature sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. 8115-8121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyun Fang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yingnan Wang ◽  
Feng Yao ◽  
Shuangqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Organic Films ◽  
Wide Range

Wide-range and spatially thermo-sensitive ratiometric films have been realized with a maximum relative sensitivity of 6.32% K−1 at 440 K.

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Development of Synchrotron Footprinting at NSLS and NSLS-II

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Bohon
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Accessibility ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Macromolecular Assembly ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Ideal Technique

Background: First developed in the 1990’s at the National Synchrotron Light Source, xray synchrotron footprinting is an ideal technique for the analysis of solution-state structure and dynamics of macromolecules. Hydroxyl radicals generated in aqueous samples by intense x-ray beams serve as fine probes of solvent accessibility, rapidly and irreversibly reacting with solvent exposed residues to provide a “snapshot” of the sample state at the time of exposure. Over the last few decades, improvements in instrumentation to expand the technology have continuously pushed the boundaries of biological systems that can be studied using the technique. Conclusion: Dedicated synchrotron beamlines provide important resources for examining fundamental biological mechanisms of folding, ligand binding, catalysis, transcription, translation, and macromolecular assembly. The legacy of synchrotron footprinting at NSLS has led to significant improvement in our understanding of many biological systems, from identifying key structural components in enzymes and transporters to in vivo studies of ribosome assembly. This work continues at the XFP (17-BM) beamline at NSLS-II and facilities at ALS, which are currently accepting proposals for use.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

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