scholarly journals Recent Studies on Berry Bioactives and Their Health-Promoting Roles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Beyza Vahapoglu ◽  
Ezgi Erskine ◽  
Busra Gultekin Subasi ◽  
Esra Capanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Along with the increased knowledge about the positive health effects of food bioactives, the eating habits of many individuals have changed to obtain higher nutritional benefits from foods. Fruits are among the most preferred food materials in this regard. In particular, berry fruits are important sources in the diet in terms of their high nutritional content including vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Berry fruits have remedial effects on several diseases and these health-promoting impacts are associated with their phenolic compounds which may vary depending on the type and variety of the fruit coupled with other factors including climate, agricultural conditions, etc. Most of the berries have outstanding beneficial roles in many body systems of humans such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Furthermore, they are effective on some metabolic disorders and several types of cancer. In this review, the health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in berry fruits are presented and the most recent in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies are discussed from a food science and nutrition point of view.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds from Five Ericaceae Species Leaves and Their Related Bioavailability and Health Benefits

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu ◽  
Katalin Szabo ◽  
Andrei Mocan ◽  
Gianina Crişan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Ancient Times

Some species of the Ericaceae family have been intensively studied because of the beneficial health impact, known since ancient times, of their chemical components. Since most studies focus on the effects of fruit consumption, this review aims to highlight the phenolic components present in the leaves. For this purpose, five species from Ericaceae family (bilberry—Vaccinium myrtillus L., lingonberry—V. vitis-idaea L., bog bilberry—V. uliginosum L., blueberry—V. corymbosum L. and bearberry—Arctostapylos uva-ursi L.) were considered, four of which can be found in spontaneous flora. The chemical composition of the leaves revealed three major phenolic compounds: chlorogenic acid, quercetin and arbutin. The health promoting functions of these compounds, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could have preventive effects for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and obesity, have been exemplified by both in vitro and in vivo studies in this review. Furthermore, the importance of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the phenolic compounds have been summarized. The findings highlight the fact that leaves of some Ericaceae species deserve increased attention and should be studied more profoundly for their biological activities, especially those from spontaneous flora.

scholarly journals Review of Functional and Pharmacological Activities of Berries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3904
Author(s):  
Oksana Golovinskaia ◽  
Chin-Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Foods ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Functional plant-based foods (such as fruits, vegetables, and berries) can improve health, have a preventive effect, and diminish the risk of different chronic diseases during in vivo and in vitro studies. Berries contain many phytochemicals, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. The primary phytochemicals in berry fruits are phenolic compounds including flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, and isoflavonoids), tannins, and phenolic acids. Since berries have a high concentration of polyphenols, it is possible to use them for treating various diseases pharmacologically by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, which are often the leading causes of diabetes, neurological, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review examines commonly consumed berries: blackberries, blackcurrants, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, black raspberries, and strawberries and their polyphenols as potential medicinal foods (due to the presence of pharmacologically active compounds) in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and other diseases. Moreover, much attention is paid to the bioavailability of active berry components. Hence, this comprehensive review shows that berries and their bioactive compounds possess medicinal properties and have therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, future clinical trials are required to study and improve the bioavailability of berries’ phenolic compounds and extend the evidence that the active compounds of berries can be used as medicinal foods against various diseases.

scholarly journals Health promoting and sensory properties of phenolic compounds in food

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 764-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Veras de Carvalho ◽  
Lauro Melo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Health Promoting

Phenolic compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The presence of these compounds in various foods has been associated with sensory and health promoting properties. These products from the secondary metabolism of plants act as defense mechanisms against environmental stress and attack by other organisms. They are divided into different classes according to their chemical structures. The objective of this study was to describe the different classes of phenolic compounds, the main food sources and factors of variation, besides methods for the identification and quantification commonly used to analyze these compounds. Moreover, the role of phenolic compounds in scavenging oxidative stress and the techniques of in vitro antioxidant evaluation are discussed. In vivo studies to evaluate the biological effects of these compounds and their impact on chronic disease prevention are presented as well. Finally, it was discussed the role of these compounds on the sensory quality of foods.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sushil Changan ◽  
Maharishi Tomar ◽  
Uma Prajapati ◽  
Vivek Saurabh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

scholarly journals “Shepherd’s crook” neurons drive and synchronize the enhancing and suppressive mechanisms of the midbrain stimulus selection network

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (32) ◽  
pp. E7615-E7623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Garrido-Charad ◽  
Tomas Vega-Zuniga ◽  
Cristián Gutiérrez-Ibáñez ◽  
Pedro Fernandez ◽  
Luciana López-Jury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Tracing ◽  
Input Signals

The optic tectum (TeO), or superior colliculus, is a multisensory midbrain center that organizes spatially orienting responses to relevant stimuli. To define the stimulus with the highest priority at each moment, a network of reciprocal connections between the TeO and the isthmi promotes competition between concurrent tectal inputs. In the avian midbrain, the neurons mediating enhancement and suppression of tectal inputs are located in separate isthmic nuclei, facilitating the analysis of the neural processes that mediate competition. A specific subset of radial neurons in the intermediate tectal layers relay retinal inputs to the isthmi, but at present it is unclear whether separate neurons innervate individual nuclei or a single neural type sends a common input to several of them. In this study, we used in vitro neural tracing and cell-filling experiments in chickens to show that single neurons innervate, via axon collaterals, the three nuclei that comprise the isthmotectal network. This demonstrates that the input signals representing the strength of the incoming stimuli are simultaneously relayed to the mechanisms promoting both enhancement and suppression of the input signals. By performing in vivo recordings in anesthetized chicks, we also show that this common input generates synchrony between both antagonistic mechanisms, demonstrating that activity enhancement and suppression are closely coordinated. From a computational point of view, these results suggest that these tectal neurons constitute integrative nodes that combine inputs from different sources to drive in parallel several concurrent neural processes, each performing complementary functions within the network through different firing patterns and connectivity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Goji Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Arleta Kruczek ◽  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Marcelina Krupa-Małkiewicz ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
North Western ◽  
Nitrite Content

AbstractThere is a growing public interest in fruits labeled as „superfood” (functional food). A “superfood” should have a high content of bioactive substances with a positive impact on human health. Seven different cultivars of goji berry fruits (Lycium chinense Mill.) grown in north-western Poland were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, and polyphenol content. The length of 1-year-old shoots ranged from 36 cm (‘Big Lifeberry’) to 82 cm (‘Korean Big’). Cultivars from the group of Big were characterized by the biggest fruits (17.3-24.2 mm) with the greatest weight of 100 fruits (96.7­122.1 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ contained high amounts of L-ascorbic acid (408 mg 1000/g) and provitamin A (190 mg 1000/g) and showed high antidiabetic (α-amylase IC50=33.4 mg/mL; α-glucosidase IC50=9.9 mg/mL) and antioxidant activity (ABTS·+ 6.21 and FRAP 5.58 mmol T/100 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ was also characterized by a high total content of polyphenols (43.64 mg 100/g). Furthermore, the nitrite content in all the cultivars tested was at a relatively low level. Among the examined cultivars, the most attractive one concerning the consumers’ point of view of the size, weight and high content of health-promoting compounds is ‘Big Lifeberry’.

Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2051-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Mejri ◽  
Slimen Selmi ◽  
Alice Martins ◽  
Haifa benkhoud ◽  
Tarek Baati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

Broad bean pods have been proven to be a functional food with promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

Isolation of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract, radioiodination and investigation of bioaffinity using in vivo/in vitro methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozkan ◽  
F. Z. Biber Muftuler ◽  
A. Yurt Kilcar ◽  
E. I. Medine ◽  
P. Unak
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Summary It is known that medicinal plants like olive have biological activities due to their flavonoid content such as olueropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol etc. In current study, hydroxytrosol (HT) which is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive, olive leaves and olive oil, was isolated after methanol extraction and purification of olive leaves which are grown in the northern Anatolia region of Turkey. The isolated HT was radiolabeled with 131I (131I-HT) and the bioaffinity of this radiolabeled component of olive leaves extract was investigated by using in vivo/in vitro methods. It was found that HT could be radiolabeled with 131I in yields of 95.6±4.4% (n = 8), and in vivo studies showed that 131I-HT is taken up by urinary bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, breast and prostate. Significant incorporation of activity was observed in cell lines via in vitro studies.

Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End Products: Health Aspects and Patent Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annayara C. F. Fernandes ◽  
Jeane B. Melo ◽  
Vanize M. Genova ◽  
Ádina L. Santana ◽  
Gabriela Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Peanut Skins

Background: Glycation is a chemical reaction that synthesize advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). The AGEs irreversibly damage macromolecules present in tissues and organs, leading to the impairment of biological functions. For instance, the accumulation of AGEs induces oxidative stress and consequently inflammatory responses in human body, leading to the on set/worsening of diseases, including obesity, asthma, cognitive impairment, and cancer. There is a current demand on natural and low-cost sources of antiglycant agents. As a result, food phytochemicals presented promising results to inhibit glycation and consequently, the formation of AGEs. Objective: Here, we describe the mechanism of glycation on the worsening of diseases, the methods os detection, and the current findings on the use of phytochemicals (phenolic compounds, phytosterols, carotenoids, terpenes and vitamins) as natural therapeuticals to inhibit health damages via inhibition of AGEs in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This manuscript reviewed publications available in the PubMed and Science Direct databases dated from the last 20 years on the uses of phytochemicals to inhibit the AGEs in vitro and in vivo. Also, recent patents on the use of anti-glycant drugs were reviewed using the Google Advanced Patents database. Results and Discussion: Phenolic compounds have been mostly studied to inhibit AGEs. Food phytochemicals derived from agroindustry wastes, including peanut skins, and the bagasses derived from citrus and grapes are promising antiglycant agents via scavenging of free radicals, metal ions, the suppression of metabolic pathways that induces inflammation, the activation of pathways that promote antioxidant defense, the blocking of AGE connection with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Conclusion: Phytochemicals derived from agroindustry are promising anti-glycants, which can be included to replace synthetic drugs for AGE inhibition, and consequently to act as a therapeutical strategy to prevent and treat diseases caused by AGEs, including diabetes, ovarian cancer, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.

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