scholarly journals The Future of Carica papaya Leaf Extract as an Herbal Medicine Product

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6922
Author(s):  
Maywan Hariono ◽  
Jeffry Julianus ◽  
Ipang Djunarko ◽  
Irwan Hidayat ◽  
Lintang Adelya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Herbal Medicine Product ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Medicine Product

Carica papaya (papaya) leaf extract has been used for a long time in a traditional medicine to treat fever in some infectious diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. The development of science and technology has subsequently made it possible to provide evidence that this plant is not only beneficial as an informal medication, but also that it has scientifically proven pharmacological and toxicological activities, which have led to its formal usage in professional health care systems. The development of formulations for use in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals has caused this product to be more valuable nowadays. The use of good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, along with the ease of registering this product facilitated by policies of the national government, will absolutely increase the value of papaya leaf extract as a vital nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products in the near future. In this article, we review the potential of papaya leaf extract to be a high-value commodity in terms of its health effects as well as its industrial benefits.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Model for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Chest X-ray Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12191
Author(s):  
Prabhjot Kaur ◽  
Shilpi Harnal ◽  
Rajeev Tiwari ◽  
Fahd S. Alharithi ◽  
Ahmed H. Almulihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Multiclass Svm

COVID-19 declared as a pandemic that has a faster rate of infection and has impacted the lives and the country’s economy due to forced lockdowns. Its detection using RT-PCR is required long time and due to which its infection has grown exponentially. This creates havoc for the shortage of testing kits in many countries. This work has proposed a new image processing-based technique for the health care systems named “C19D-Net”, to detect “COVID-19” infection from “Chest X-Ray” (XR) images, which can help radiologists to improve their accuracy of detection COVID-19. The proposed system extracts deep learning (DL) features by applying the InceptionV4 architecture and Multiclass SVM classifier to classify and detect COVID-19 infection into four different classes. The dataset of 1900 Chest XR images has been collected from two publicly accessible databases. Images are pre-processed with proper scaling and regular feeding to the proposed model for accuracy attainments. Extensive tests are conducted with the proposed model (“C19D-Net”) and it has succeeded to achieve the highest COVID-19 detection accuracy as 96.24% for 4-classes, 95.51% for three-classes, and 98.1% for two-classes. The proposed method has outperformed well in expressions of “precision”, “accuracy”, “F1-score” and “recall” in comparison with most of the recent previously published methods. As a result, for the present situation of COVID-19, the proposed “C19D-Net” can be employed in places where test kits are in short supply, to help the radiologists to improve their accuracy of detection of COVID-19 patients through XR-Images.

scholarly journals Understanding the Factors that Affect the Appropriateness of Rheumatology Referrals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Van Den Broek-Altenburg ◽  
Adam Atherly ◽  
Nick Cheney ◽  
Teresa Fama
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Inappropriate Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Value Based Care ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Severe Shortage

Abstract Background: Reducing inappropriate referrals to specialists is a challenge for the healthcare system as it seeks to transition from volume to value-based healthcare. Given the projection of a severe shortage of rheumatologists in the near future, innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. Efforts to increase appropriate utilization through reductions in capacity may have the unintended consequence of reducing appropriate care as well. This highlights the challenges in increasing the appropriate use of high cost services as the health system transitions to value based care. The objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting appropriateness of rheumatology services.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients receiving Rheumatology services between November 2013 and October 2019. We used a proxy for “appropriateness”: whether or not there was any follow-up care after the first appointment. Results from regression analysis and physicians’ chart reviews were compared using an inter-rater reliability measure (kappa). Data was drawn from the EHR 2013-2019. Results: We found that inappropriate referrals increased 14.3% when a new rheumatologist was hired, which increased to 14.8% after wash-out period of 6 months; 15.7% after 12 months; 15.5% after 18 months and 16.7% after 18 months. Other factors influencing appropriateness of referrals included severity of disease, gender and insurance type, but not specialty of referring provider. Conclusions: Given the projection of a severe shortage of rheumatologists in the near future, innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. Innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. These findings may apply to other specialties as well. This study is relevant for health care systems that are implementing value-based payment models aimed at reducing inappropriate care.

scholarly journals Forecasting the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Application of Arima and Fuzzy Time Series Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Verma ◽  
Mukti Khetan ◽  
Shikha Dwivedi ◽  
Shweta Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Fuzzy Time Series ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Series Methodology ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Purpose: The whole world is surfaced with an inordinate challenge of mankind due to COVID-19, caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). After taking hundreds of thousands of lives, millions of people are still in the substantial grasp of this virus. This virus is highly contagious with reproduction number R0, as high as 6.5 worldwide and between 1.5 to 2.6 in India. So, the number of total infections and the number of deaths will get a day-to-day hike until the curve flattens. Under the current circumstances, it becomes inevitable to develop a model, which can anticipate future morbidities, recoveries, and deaths. Methods: We have developed some models based on ARIMA and FUZZY time series methodology for the forecasting of COVID-19 infections, mortalities and recoveries in India and Maharashtra explicitly, which is the most affected state in India, following the COVID-19 statistics till “Lockdown 3.0” (17th May 2020). Results: Both models suggest that there will be an exponential uplift in COVID-19 cases in the near future. We have forecasted the COVID-19 data set for next seven days. The forecasted values are in good agreement with real ones for all six COVID-19 scenarios for Maharashtra and India as a whole as well.Conclusion: The forecasts for the ARIMA and FUZZY time series models will be useful for the policymakers of the health care systems so that the system and the medical personnel can be prepared to combat the pandemic.

scholarly journals Understanding the factors that affect the appropriateness of rheumatology referrals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van den Broek-Altenburg ◽  
Adam Atherly ◽  
Nick Cheney ◽  
Teresa Fama
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Inappropriate Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Value Based Care ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Severe Shortage

Abstract Background Reducing inappropriate referrals to specialists is a challenge for the healthcare system as it seeks to transition from volume to value-based healthcare. Given the projection of a severe shortage of rheumatologists in the near future, innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. Efforts to increase appropriate utilization through reductions in capacity may have the unintended consequence of reducing appropriate care as well. This highlights the challenges in increasing the appropriate use of high cost services as the health system transitions to value based care. The objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting appropriateness of rheumatology services. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of patients receiving Rheumatology services between November 2013 and October 2019. We used a proxy for “appropriateness”: whether or not there was any follow-up care after the first appointment. Results from regression analysis and physicians’ chart reviews were compared using an inter-rater reliability measure (kappa). Data was drawn from the EHR 2013–2019. Results We found that inappropriate referrals increased 14.3% when a new rheumatologist was hired, which increased to 14.8% after wash-out period of 6 months; 15.7% after 12 months; 15.5% after 18 months and 16.7% after 18 months. Other factors influencing appropriateness of referrals included severity of disease, gender and insurance type, but not specialty of referring provider. Conclusions Given the projection of a severe shortage of rheumatologists in the near future, innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. Innovative strategies to decrease demand for rheumatology services may prove more fruitful than increasing the supply of rheumatologists. These findings may apply to other specialties as well. This study is relevant for health care systems that are implementing value-based payment models aimed at reducing inappropriate care.

scholarly journals Outlining the therapeutic itineraries of children with disabilities in the professional health care subsystem

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Chaves Farias ◽  
Evanira Rodrigues Maia ◽  
Milena Silva Costa ◽  
Maria Rosilene Cândido Moreira ◽  
Joseph Dimas de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Life Path

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the outlining of therapeutic itineraries of families of children with disabilities in the professional health care subsystem. Methods: qualitative research carried out in two specialized services in the state of Ceará, with 41 family members interviewed using the life path technique and reports submitted to descending hierarchical classification and similitude analysis, with the help of the IRaMuTeQ software and the theoretical framework of health care systems. Results: the classes described the families’ itineraries in five paths, related to faith, support structures, medical behaviors, professionals, and health services. The professional subsystem stood out as deficient in outlining the therapeutic itinerary for access to health care for children with disabilities, without promoting integration between services in the Care Network. Final considerations: the families’ therapeutic itineraries showed homogeneous discourse with themes related to the care of professionals and spiritual aspects.

Prevalence and costs of defensive medicine: a national survey of Italian physicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Panella ◽  
Carmela Rinaldi ◽  
Fabrizio Leigheb ◽  
Sanita Knesse ◽  
Chiara Donnarumma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Defensive Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Health Expenditure ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Italian National Health ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Care Costs

Objective To identify the prevalence of the practice of defensive medicine among Italian hospital physicians, its costs and the reasons for practising defensive medicine and possible solutions to reduce the practice of defensive medicine. Methods Cross-sectional web survey. Main outcome measures Number of physicians reporting having engaged in any defensive medicine behaviour in the previous year. Results A total of 1313 physicians completed the survey. Ninety-five per cent believed that defensive medicine would increase in the near future. The practice of defensive medicine accounted for approximately 10% of total annual Italian national health expenditure. Conclusions Defensive medicine is a significant factor in health care costs without adding any benefit to patients. The economic burden of defensive medicine on health care systems should provide a substantial stimulus for a prompt review of this situation in a time of economic crisis. Malpractice reform, together with a systematic use of evidence-based clinical guidelines, is likely to be the most effective way to reduce defensive medicine.

scholarly journals The Role of the Sharing Economy and Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Opportunities and Challenges (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailiang Wu ◽  
Nga-Kwo Chan ◽  
Casper J P Zhang ◽  
Wai-Kit Ming
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Integration Analysis

UNSTRUCTURED Health care systems worldwide have been influenced by the globally growing trend toward a sharing economy and will likely advance with these trends in the near future. Therefore, based on peer-to-peer relationships between individuals, sharing health care works by renting medical staff, facilities, and other medical resources. Medical data innovation, integration, analysis, and sharing have the potential to dramatically change the current pattern of the health care system and to provide precise and predictive medical assessment for individuals in the future. In addition, artificial intelligence could be useful in the fields of both clinical medicine and medical research and help to minimize the scarcity of human resources and broaden the role of humans in health care.

scholarly journals The Role of the Sharing Economy and Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Opportunities and Challenges

10.2196/13469 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. e13469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailiang Wu ◽  
Nga-Kwo Chan ◽  
Casper J P Zhang ◽  
Wai-Kit Ming
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Integration Analysis

Health care systems worldwide have been influenced by the globally growing trend toward a sharing economy and will likely advance with these trends in the near future. Therefore, based on peer-to-peer relationships between individuals, sharing health care works by renting medical staff, facilities, and other medical resources. Medical data innovation, integration, analysis, and sharing have the potential to dramatically change the current pattern of the health care system and to provide precise and predictive medical assessment for individuals in the future. In addition, artificial intelligence could be useful in the fields of both clinical medicine and medical research and help to minimize the scarcity of human resources and broaden the role of humans in health care.

160: Cost-Effectiveness of Medical Management Strategies of Nephrolithiasis in Different Health Care Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 42-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Latan ◽  
David M. Wilhelm ◽  
David A. Duchene ◽  
Margaret S. Pearle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Care Systems
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