scholarly journals Effective In Vitro Control of Two Phytopathogens of Agricultural Interest Using Cell-Free Extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Chitosan

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6359
Author(s):  
Ariadna Berenice Trejo-Raya ◽  
Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Romero ◽  
Silvia Bautista-Baños ◽  
Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa ◽  
Ramón Villanueva-Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A biofungicide is a natural product that can be derived from various sources such as, among others, microorganisms, higher plants, animal products, phytochemicals, semiochemicals, and antagonist microorganisms. One of the most important approaches for the production of biofungicides is the combination of biocontrol agents. This study showed the inhibition growth of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani treated with cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens. Using thin-layer chromatography and plate assays it was also demonstrated that the cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens contained siderophores and derivates of 4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazine. Moreover, the combination of cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens and chitosan [50–1.5% (v/v)] had a synergistic effect since they notably inhibited the mycelial growth of A. altenata and F. solani. Various morphological alterations to the mycelia and conidia of the treated fungi as a result of this combination were also observed. The present study could be a starting point to control other fungal phytopathogens using different cell-free extracts and chitosan as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

scholarly journals In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Dugassa ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Yitbarek Woldehawariat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis by different products in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 1992-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
D’Addazio Veronica ◽  
Aparecida Ahnert dos Santos Renata ◽  
Salomao Bastos Leitao Arthur ◽  
Barreto da Silva Marcelo ◽  
Alves Fernandes Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

scholarly journals Effects of SHAM on the Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea to QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jinli Li ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
The Ideal

It is a common practice to add salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) into artificial medium in the in vitro sensitivity assay of fungal phytopathogens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. The rationale for adding SHAM is to inhibit fungal alternative oxidase, which is presumed to be inhibited by secondary metabolites of plants. Therefore, the ideal characteristics of SHAM should be almost nontoxic to phytopathogens and have no significant effect on control efficacy of fungicides. However, this study showed that the average effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth values of SHAM were 97.5 and 401.4 μg/ml for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. EC50 values of the three QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin in the presence of SHAM at 20 and 80 μg/ml for S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively, declined by 52.7 to 78.1% compared with those without SHAM. For the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone, the average EC50 values in the presence of SHAM declined by 18.2% (P = 0.008) for S. sclerotiorum and 35.9% (P = 0.012) for B. cinerea. Pot experiments showed that SHAM increased control efficacy of the three QoI fungicides against the two pathogens by 43 to 83%. For dimethachlone, SHAM increased control efficacy by 134% for S. sclerotiorum and 86% for B. cinerea. Biochemical studies showed that SHAM significantly inhibited peroxidase activity (P = 0.024) of B. cinerea and esterase activity (P = 0.015) of S. sclerotiorum. The strong inhibitions of SHAM per se on mycelial growth of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and significant influences on the sensitivity of the two pathogens to both the QoI fungicides and dimethachlone as well as inhibitions on peroxidase and esterase indicate that SHAM should not be added in the in vitro assay of sensitivity to the QoI fungicides.

scholarly journals Effects of biocontrol agents and plant products Macrophomina phaseolina and colchicine content in Gloriosa superba

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Alice ◽  
S. Sundravadana
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Gloriosa Superba ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Tuber Rot

Gloriosa superba is a medicinal plant severely infested with soil-borne Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Under in vitro conditions a commercial formulation of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina isolates. Among the oil cake, mahua cake at 10% completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the M. phaseolina isolates. Under field conditions both the soil and foliar application of biocontrol agents is attributed to the healthy growth of G. superba crops by controlling the tuber rot disease and ultimately boosting the colchicine content.

scholarly journals Effect of different salts on the development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, a causal agent of potato dry rot

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie R. Mecteau ◽  
Joseph Arul ◽  
Russell J. Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Dry Rot

The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of different salts on the in vitro development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the salts for reducing dry rot severity caused by the pathogen in potato tubers. The study showed that several salts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani var. coeruleum. Aluminium acetate, aluminium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sorbate and trisodium phosphate completely inhibited mycelial growth. Exposure of F. solani var. coeruleum conidia to aluminium acetate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite or trisodium phosphate at 0.2 M resulted in 100% mortality of the conidia after 1 h while aluminium chloride and aluminium lactate caused 100% mortality after an exposure of 24 h. In order to evaluate the effect of salts on potato dry rot development, F. solani var. coeruleum-inoculated tubers were treated with the different salts and disease severity was evaluated following an incubation period of 7 d. Among the test salts, only aluminium chloride caused a significant reduction in potato dry rot compared with the control. The study points out the possibility of using aluminium chloride to control potato dry rot.

scholarly journals Effect of the Biocontrol Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis Strain LS11 on Patulin Accumulation in Stored Apples

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaello Castoria ◽  
Valeria Morena ◽  
Leonardo Caputo ◽  
Gianfranco Panfili ◽  
Filippo De Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Fungicide Residues ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Contamination of apples (Malus domestica) and derived juices with fungicide residues and patulin produced by Penicillium expansum are major issues of food safety. Biocontrol agents represent an alternative or supplement to chemicals for disease control. Our data show that these microbes could also contribute to actively decreasing patulin accumulation in apples. Three biocontrol agents, Rhodotorula glutinis LS11, Cryptococcus laurentii LS28, and Aureobasidium pullulans LS30, were examined for their in vitro growth in the presence of patulin and for their capability to decrease mycotoxin recovery from the medium. Strain LS11 yielded the highest growth rates and the greatest decrease of toxin recoveries. Further, it caused the appearance of two major spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates, suggesting possible metabolization of the mycotoxin. In vivo, i.e., in the low percentage of LS11-pretreated apples infected by P. expansum, patulin accumulation was significantly lower than in nontreated infected fruits. Yeast cells survived and increased in infected apples and, in a model system emulating decaying apple, resulted in accelerated breakdown of patulin and the production of the same TLC spots as those detected in vitro. These data suggest that biocontrol yeast cells surviving in decaying apples could metabolize patulin and/or negatively affect its accumulation or synthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the effect of a biocontrol agent on patulin accumulation in vivo.

scholarly journals In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride strains compared to carbendazim fungicide against the fungal phytopathogens of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Taha Yassin ◽  
Ashraf Abdel-Fattah Mostafa ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Al-Askar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Background High losses of sorghum crops due to fungal diseases, such as grain mold and stalk rot, are economically harmful and cause increased use of environmentally damaging chemical fungicides, which also are detrimental to human health. Hence, finding safe and effective ways to manage fungal diseases of sorghum is urgently needed. Results In the present study, the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum against different pathogenic fungal strains were evaluated in vitro using a dual culture assay. Furthermore, the anti-mycotic activity of Trichoderma spp. culture filtrates was evaluated against different fungal strains using a food poisoning technique. Additionally, the antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum against different pathogens were evaluated using a disk diffusion method. As indicated by the dual culture assay, T. harzianum suppressed 66.8, 69.5, 68.7, 54.6, 84.12, and 71.39% of the mycelial growth of Curvularia lunata, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. incarnatum, F. proliferatum, and Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively. T. viride was more effective for controlling the growth of these pathogens, inhibiting 81.0, 89.0, 63.0, 70.7, 84.4, and 71.8% of mycelial growth, respectively. Both E. rostratum and M. phaseolina showed resistance to carbendazim fungicide at all tested concentrations, whereas the fungicidal concentrations of carbendazim against C. lunata, F. chlamydosporum, and F. incarnatum strains were 2.50, 1.50, and 2.00 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, F. proliferatum was sensitive to carbendazim fungicide at all tested concentrations. Antifungal assays of the ethyl acetate extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum indicated the potent activity of these extracts against fungal phytopathogens with different susceptibility patterns. F. chlamydosporum was the most sensitive to the extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/disk, respectively. Conclusion The potent suppression of sorghum phytopathogens by T. viride and T. harzianum makes them potential sources of safe and effective natural fungicides compared to carbendazim fungicide.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Hydro-ethanolic Extracts against Three Rice Seed-borne Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Léon W. Nitiema ◽  
Fabrice W. Nikiema ◽  
Drissa Sérémé ◽  
Pierre A. E. D. Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Aims: This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activities of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis bark hydro-ethanolic extract against Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Curvularia lunata and to evaluate the percentages of germination and infection of infected rice seeds. Methods: Different extract concentrations ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and 1% were tested during 15 days using poisoned food technique method for in vitro antifungal activity against above three fungal strains. The same concentrations of extract were used to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity on rice seeds infected by these three fungal strains. Results: The extract of Securidaca longepedunculata had antifungal effect on Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme and completely inhibited its mycelial growth at all tested concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Curvularia lunata mycelial growth was inhibited of 84.7% by 1% Securidaca longepedunculata extract after five days of culture. However, mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata were increased with increasing concentration of Acacia gourmaensis extract. It has been observed that when Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract concentration increased up to 1%, seeds germination percentage decreased for all infection. In contrast, the opposite was observed for Acacia gourmaensis extract. Likewise, seeds infection decreased with the highest concentration (1%) of Securidaca longepedunculata for all infection, whereas the opposite was observed with Acacia gourmaensis extract. Conclusion: This study showed that S. longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract has more antifungal activity against seed-borne fungi (F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata) than A. gourmaensis in vitro and in vivo. Results show that Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic bark extract can be used as a potential antifungal agent in the management of some rice fungal diseases. Acacia gourmaensis extract, at low concentration, could be used in rice seed treatment to increase seed germination.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of Fusarium solani by Trichoderma harzianum and biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e5210312994
Author(s):  
Paula Fernanda de Azevedo ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo Domiciano Marques ◽  
Christiane Luciana da Costa ◽  
Anderson Roberto Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Cassava root rot causes significant production losses. Difficulties of management, along with the lack of chemical fungicides officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), require alternative control methods. This study investigated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum as well as a biological fertilizer MICROGEO® on Fusarium solani. The phytophatogenic strains of F. solani, called F1 and F2 were isolated from rotted cassava tubers and T. harzianum, strain ESALQ 1306, from a biological fungicide. Continuous liquid composting of bovine ruminal content, water and MICROGEO® produced the biological fertilizer. Dual culture method was used at the bioassay with T. harzianum. Sterilized (St) and unsterilized (USt) biological fertilizer were tested in different concentrations (% v/v) diluted in the culture media. Colony diameters were measured daily in order to establish the mycelial growth velocity index, inhibition percentage, aside from the sporulation rate and spore germination percentage. The mycelial growth of F. solani isolates was interrupted after hyphae encounter with T. harzianum, due to the occurrence of mycoparasitism, but without influence on the sporulation rate. Sterilized biological fertilizer induced no biocontrol, whereas the unsterilized product (concentration 2.5%) inhibited approximately 64% and 85% of the mycelial growth of isolates F1 and F2, respectively. Moreover, spore germination declined with increasing concentration. In conclusion, T. harzianum and the unsterilized biofertilizer showed in vitro antagonistic activity on F. solani.

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