scholarly journals Effect of Sorbent Additives to Copper-Contaminated Soils on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Grass Seedlings

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5449
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Tatiana Kviatková ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Ingrid Turisová
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Copper Contaminated

Heavy metal and metalloid-contaminated soil is a serious barrier to colonization for many plant species. The problem of the elimination of toxic waste accumulated in technogenous soils in many highly transformed regions is extremely important. Hence, another attempt was made to analyze the effect of the addition of sorbents (BCH—biochar, B—bentonite, ChM—chicken manure, OS—organo-zeolitic substrate) to contaminated copper soil on the germination and early growth of Eurasian common grass species (Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis), which could potentially be used in recultivation. This experiment was based on the laboratory sandwich method. Standard germination indexes, morphometry and biomass analysis were used. The percentage of germinating seeds was lower in each of the soil variants and sorbents used compared to the control. Dry mass was positively stimulated by all sorbents. The response to the addition of sorbents, expressed as the electrolyte leakage of seedlings, was different depending on the species and type of sorbent. Among all sorbents, the most positive effects on germination and growth were observed in the case of OS. Overall, the response to the addition of sorbents was different in the studied species, depending on their stage of development.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Abscisic Acid and Glycine Betaine on Physiological Responses to Drought and Salinity Stress for Two Perennial Grass Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
Jingjin Yu ◽  
Emily Merewitz ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Turf Quality

Abscisic acid (ABA) and glycine betaine (GB) may regulate plant responses to drought or salinity stress. The objectives of this controlled-environment study were to determine whether foliar application of ABA or GB improves turf quality under drought or salinity and whether improved stress responses were associated changes in antioxidant metabolism in two C3 turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Physiological parameters evaluated included turf quality, leaf relative water content, membrane electrolyte leakage (EL), membrane lipid peroxidation [expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA) content], and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Abscisic acid and GB were both effective in mitigating physiological damage resulting from drought or salinity for both grass species, but effects were more pronounced on kentucky bluegrass. The most notable effects of ABA or GB application were the suppression of EL and MDA accumulation and an increase in APX, POD, and SOD activities after prolonged periods of drought (21 days) or salinity stress (35 days). These results suggest foliar application of ABA or GB may alleviate physiological damage by drought or salinity stress in turfgrass and the maintenance of membrane stability and active antioxidant metabolism could contribute to the positive effects in the stress mitigation effects.

scholarly journals Differential Effectiveness of Doubling Ambient Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Mitigating Adverse Effects of Drought, Heat, and Combined Stress in Kentucky Bluegrass

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373
Author(s):  
Yali Song ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Drought and heat stress can limit the growth of cool-season grass species, whereas doubling ambient CO2 has been shown to promote plant growth. The objectives of this study were to examine differential responses of shoot and root growth as well as photosynthesis and respiration to doubling ambient CO2 during drought or heat stress alone or the two stresses combined and to determine the relative effectiveness of doubling ambient CO2 in mitigating negative effects of drought or heat stress alone and in combination in a cool-season perennial grass species. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis cv. Baron) plants were exposed to ambient CO2 (400 μL·L−1) or doubling ambient CO2 (800 μL·L−1) concentrations while subjected to the following stress treatments in growth chambers: drought stress by withholding irrigation, heat stress (35 °C), or the combined two stresses for 28 days. Doubling ambient CO2 increased root and shoot growth as well as root/shoot ratio under all treatments. Doubling ambient CO2 enhanced leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) to a greater extent under drought or heat alone, whereas it reduced respiration rate (R), to a larger degree under heat and the combined stress, leading to a greater ratio of Pn/R. Doubling ambient CO2 mitigated adverse physiological effects of drought or heat stress alone, whereas fewer effects were observed under the combined drought and heat stress. The positive effects of doubling ambient CO2 were associated with the development of roots biomass and the maintenance of a positive carbon balance under either stress alone or the combined drought and heat stress.

Tolerance and phytoremediation potential of grass species native to South American grasslands to copper-contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
Anderson Cesar Ramos Marques ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Camila Peligrinotti Tarouco ◽  
Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Copper Contaminated

Prospects and problems of sludge pre-treatment processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pre-treatment processes have been developed in order to improve subsequent sludge treatment and disposal. Disintegration of sludge solids in the aqueous phase changes the sludge structure and solubilizes organic matter. This paper provides an overview of the applications of wet disintegration in wastewater and sludge treatment. Applied disintegration techniques such as mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological methods are briefly described. The methods are compared regarding energy consumption, operational reliability and stage of development for application on wastewater treatment plants. Mechanical and thermal methods appear to be most suitable at this stage. The effects of pre-treatment on subsequent sludge treatment processes and the wastewater treatment are described. The performance of various methods is assessed. For the improvement of stabilization, mechanical and ozone treatment as well as thermal treatment perform best. Dewatering can be enhanced by thermal and freeze/thaw treatment. All methods show positive effects in the reduction of the number of pathogens. Pre-treatment leads to secondary effects like the generation of recalcitrant compounds and odor, which is mainly a problem of thermal and ozone treatment. The evaluation of capital and operational costs is difficult, because of the lack of full-scale experience. Especially thermal, freeze/thaw and biological treatments can be realized at low costs if the conditions are appropriate. Nevertheless, the economic efficiency has to be investigated critically for each individual application.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two Brazilian indigenous plants for phytostabilization and phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andreazza ◽  
L. Bortolon ◽  
S. Pieniz ◽  
F. M. Bento ◽  
F. A. O. Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Copper Mining ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
Copper Contaminated

Abstract Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. However, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. So, a greenhouse study was carried out with Bidens pilosa and Plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. Plant growth, macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. P. lanceolata plants cultivated in the Inceptisol showed the highest copper concentrations in the shoots (142 mg kg–1), roots (964 mg kg–1) and entire plants (1,106 mg kg–1). High levels of copper were phytoaccumulated from the Inceptisol by B. pilosa and P. lanceolata with 3,500 and 2,200 g ha–1 respectively. Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata plants showed characteristics of high copper hyperaccumulator. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽  
Alfredo José Salinas-Arcienega ◽  
Yutcelia Carolina Galviz-Fajardo ◽  
Luciano do Amarante ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CHICKEN MANURE RATES OF ON EARLY GROWTH OF FIG (Ficus Carica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Fatin Munirah Azmi ◽  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Rozilawati Shahari ◽  
Che Nurul Aini Che Amri
Keyword(s):  
Early Growth ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Chicken Manure
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