scholarly journals Vitamin D Fortification of Consumption Cow’s Milk: Health, Nutritional and Technological Aspects. A Multidisciplinary Lecture of the Recent Scientific Evidence

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5289
Author(s):  
Luisa Pellegrino ◽  
Franca Marangoni ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Paolo D’Incecco ◽  
Guillaume T. Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Casein Micelle ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D is essential in assuring bone health at all stages of life, but its non-skeletal effects are also essential: This vitamin impacts the physiology of the immune system, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue, glucose metabolism, skin, cardiovascular and reproductive systems, neuro-cognitive functions and cell division. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide, at any age, in young and healthy subjects, as well as in pregnant women and the elderly population, due to several factors, including inadequate sunlight exposure, skin pigmentation and coverage, adiposity, lifestyle and low dietary intakes. To overcome this problem, the fortification of foods that are consumed on a daily basis, such as milk, is strongly advisable. This opinion paper aims to discuss, in a multidisciplinary way, the current evidence supporting the importance of vitamin D in health and disease and the role of milk as an optimal carrier of this vitamin, to promote adequate intakes, highlighting its unique physico-chemical characteristics linked to both fat globule membrane and casein micelle structure. Moreover, it addresses the impact of industrial processing and storage of consumption milk on the stability of these structures, thus in determining vitamin D bioavailability and the achievement of adequate intakes.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Incorporation in Foods: Formulation Strategies, Stability, and Bioaccessibility as Affected by the Food Matrix

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
Vera Lavelli ◽  
Paolo D’Incecco ◽  
Luisa Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Free Vitamin D ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Impact

Inadequate intake of vitamin D is a global health issue related to severe diseases, mainly involving subjects with dark skin pigmentation, patients affected by malnutrition, malabsorption syndromes, or obesity, and elderly people. Some foods fortified with vitamin D have been tested in vivo, but fortification strategies with a global outreach are still lacking. This review is focused on food fortification with vitamin D, with the aim to collect information on (a) formulation strategies; (b) stability during processing and storage; and (c) in vitro bioaccessibility. Approaches to add vitamin D to various foods were analyzed, including the use of free vitamin D, vitamin D loaded in simple and double nanoemulsions, liposomes, casein micelles, and protein nanocapsules. Numerous studies were reviewed to elucidate the impact of food technologies on vitamin D’s stability, and mechanisms that lead to degradation were identified—namely, acid-catalyzed isomerization, radical-induced oxidation, and photo-oxidation. There is, however, a lack of kinetic data that allow for the prediction of vitamin D’s stability under industrial processing conditions. The roles that lipids, proteins, fibers, and antioxidants play in vitamin bioaccessibility have been clarified in various studies, while future needs include the design of specific food matrices that simultaneously achieve a balance between the long-term stability, bioaccessibility and, ultimately, in vivo functionality of vitamin D.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Richardson ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Recent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Other potential risk factors include lack of exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation, co-morbidities, poor diet, certain medications, disadvantaged social and economic status, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol. A key question is to understand how and why certain groups of people are more susceptible to COVID-19, whether they have weakened immune systems and what the roles of good nutrition and specific micronutrients are in supporting immune functions. A varied and balanced diet with an abundance of fruits and vegetables and the essential nutrients like vitamin D, vitamin A, B vitamins (folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12), vitamin C and the minerals, Fe, Cu, Se and Zn are all known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Avoidance of deficiencies and identification of suboptimal intakes of these micronutrients in targeted groups of patients and in distinct and highly sensitive populations could help to strengthen the resilience of people to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to highlight evidence-based public health messages, to prevent false and misleading claims about the benefits of foods and food supplements and to communicate clearly that the extent of knowledge between micronutrients and COVID-19 infection is still being explored and that no diet will prevent or cure COVID-19 infection. Frequent handwashing and social distancing will be critical to reduce transmission.

scholarly journals Nociception: the roles of vitamin D

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
O. A. Gromova ◽  
I. Yu. Torshin ◽  
M. V. Putilina ◽  
I. S. Sardaryan ◽  
L. E. Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Assisted Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Objective: to carry out a systematic computer-assisted analysis of scientific literature on on the relationships between the effects of vitamin and nociception (including the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the development of pain syndrome.Material and methods. For the query “(pain OR nociception) AND (vitamin D OR cholecalciferol OR VITD OR CALCITRIOL OR HYDROXYVITAMIN OR DIHYDROXYVITAMIN OR ALPHACALCIDOL)", 2318 references, including 77 references on alpha-calcidol, were found in the biomedical publications database PubMed. The computer-assisted analysis of this array of publications was carried out using the current big data analysis methods developed within the topological and metric approaches to recognition/classification problems.Result and discussion. A systematic computer-assisted text analysis of 2318 studies on the relationships between nociception and vitamin D showed that the analgesic effects of the vitamin are by anti-inflammatory action and the regulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic neurotransmission. The lower blood levels of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 (OH)D is a risk factor for decreased pain threshold in myalgia, fibromyalgia, arthralgia, dorsalgia, and a number of neuralgias.Conclusion. In patients with impaired renal conversion of active vitamin D metabolites (especially in the elderly), the efficacy of cholecalciferol-based drugs is reduced, which makes it necessary to use the active forms of vitamin D.

Association of Hypothyroidism and Mortality in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2068-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tou-Yuan Tsai ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Kashif M Munir ◽  
Shu-Man Lin ◽  
Rachel Huai-En Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context The evidence of whether hypothyroidism increases mortality in the elderly population is currently inconsistent and conflicting. Objective The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the impact of hypothyroidism on mortality in the elderly population. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until May 10, 2019. Study Selection Studies evaluating the association between hypothyroidism and all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality in the elderly population (ages ≥ 60 years) were eligible. Data Extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. Relative risk (RR) was retrieved for synthesis. A random-effects model for meta-analyses was used. Data Synthesis A total of 27 cohort studies with 1 114 638 participants met the inclusion criteria. Overall, patients with hypothyroidism experienced a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those with euthyroidism (pooled RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.37); meanwhile, no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality was found between patients with hypothyroidism and those with euthyroidism (pooled RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.43). Subgroup analyses revealed that overt hypothyroidism (pooled RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) rather than subclinical hypothyroidism (pooled RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.92-1.41) was associated with increased all-cause mortality. The heterogeneity primarily originated from different study designs (prospective and retrospective) and geographic locations (Europe, North America, Asia, and Oceania). Conclusions Based on the current evidence, hypothyroidism is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality instead of cardiovascular mortality among the elderly. We observed considerable heterogeneity, so caution is needed when interpreting the results. Further prospective, large-scale, high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Should We Be Concerned about the Vitamin D Status of Athletes?

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentz S. Willis ◽  
Nikki J. Peterson ◽  
D. Enette Larson-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Human Immunity

A surprisingly high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency has recently been reported worldwide. Although very little is known about vitamin D status among athletes, a few studies suggest that poor vitamin D status is also a problem in athletic populations. It is well recognized that vitamin D is necessary for optimal bone health, but emerging evidence is finding that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of autoimmune diseases and nonskeletal chronic diseases and can also have a profound effect on human immunity, inflammation, and muscle function (in the elderly). Thus, it is likely that compromised vitamin D status can affect an athlete’s overall health and ability to train (i.e., by affecting bone health, innate immunity, and exercise-related immunity and inflammation). Although further research in this area is needed, it is important that sports nutritionists assess vitamin D (as well as calcium) intake and make appropriate recommendations that will help athletes achieve adequate vitamin D status: serum 25(OH)D of at least 75 or 80 nmol/L. These recommendations can include regular safe sun exposure (twice a week between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. on the arms and legs for 5–30 min, depending on season, latitude, and skin pigmentation) or dietary supplementation with 1,000–2,000 IU vitamin D3 per day. Although this is significantly higher than what is currently considered the adequate intake, recent research demonstrates these levels to be safe and possibly necessary to maintain adequate 25(OH)D concentrations.

scholarly journals Understanding COVID-19: are children the key?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001063
Author(s):  
Suz Warner ◽  
Alex Richter ◽  
Zania Stamataki ◽  
Deirdre Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Immune Escape ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global health and economic stability is immeasurable. The situation is dynamic and fast-evolving, with the world facing new variants of concern which may have immune escape potential. With threatened treatment and preventative strategies at stake, and the prospect of reinfection prolonging the pandemic, it is more crucial than ever to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which intriguingly disproportionately affects adults and the elderly. Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain largely asymptomatic or undergo a transient mild illness. Understanding why children have a milder phenotype and a significant survival advantage may help identify modifiable risk factors in adults. Current evidence suggests adults with COVID-19 show variability in innate and adaptive immune responses, which result in uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine production in some patients, leading to severe disease and mortality. Children with acute COVID-19 infection seldom progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and are less likely to exhibit the cytokine storm which is so prominent in adults. Even with the Kawasaki-like illness, a hyperinflammation syndrome also known as paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2, mortality is low. The key to successfully combating SARS-CoV-2 and future zoonotic pandemics may lie in understanding these critical differences and merits focused consideration and research. The impact of community transmission among asymptomatic children is unknown; sustained global decline in infection rates and control of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be achieved until vaccination of children occurs. In this review, we discuss the fundamental differences in the immune response between children and adults in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Depression and Other Mental Health Issues: A worldwide scope review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Borges Machado ◽  
Flávia J.O. Alves1 ◽  
Camila S. S. Teixeira ◽  
Aline S. Rocha ◽  
Luís FS Castro-de-Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world and, along with it, a considerable degree of fear and uncertainties that impact on various aspects of societal life, including on people’s Mental Health (MH). Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic affects MH can help to implement interventions and adequate public policies, providing more effective responses to mitigate its effects.OBJECTIVES: To summarize the scientific evidence on the possible influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on MH, critically evaluating the methods and scientific validity of the studies found, in addition to summarizing the recommendations on strategic measures to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on MH.METHODOLOGY: The current scoping review was conducted from a screening of 465 articles on COVID-19 and MH outcomes, based on the main database of scientific references on health, assessed throughout PubMed. RESULT: Of the 43 papers selected for summary and critical analysis 77% (n=33) indicated a relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety symptoms, 56% (n=26) with depression or depressive symptoms, seven with changes in sleep pattern and seven with obsessive behaviours or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. In addition to studies that showed an influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on trauma or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, stress and fear. Most of the studies were carried out in China, and primarily evaluated the presence of anxiety and depression, through scales and questionnaires. Health professionals and the elderly were cited among the most affected population groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies presented significant methodological limits. Investments in new research, with controlled studies, including representative and randomized samples, and longitudinal follow-up, are necessary, to further explore the relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and people's MH and long-term effects. Pending such studies, given the effects (during and after) of previous epidemics on MH, government measures need to be implemented to reduce the potential catastrophic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MH, and the burden that will remain after the pandemic. The timely identification of psychological distress and the identification of MH needs among populations, facilitate the development of targeted psychological interventions, in addition to the organization of health services and systems, during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Nurses’ performance in COVID-19 pandemic: Integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Cardoso ◽  
Arantxa S. Sforcini ◽  
Dulce Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
Cassiane D. Da Fonseca ◽  
Naila A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Nursing Experience ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Nurses Role ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Introducion: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan (China) in late December 2019. It has rapidly spread worldwide since then and it has become a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence on nurses’ role in health care for COVID-19 patients Methods: Integrative review carried out in BEDENF, LILACS and MEDLINE databases of articles available between December 2019 and June 2020 by adopting PICO strategy. Results: The sample consisted of ten articles addressing nursing experience during COVID-19 pandemic, bringing an analysis of the impact of nursing activities worldwide during the pandemic. Conclusion: The studies addressed nurses’ importance in this pandemic moment; however, it shows various difficulties that these professionals face on a daily basis to keep professional ethics while ensuring the best care. This review realizes the need for new research to call attention to nurses’ role in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Assessment of rs4588 Allele Impact on 25-OH-D Concentration in Blood of Caucasian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 935-935
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Baah ◽  
Martin Kohlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Internal Support ◽  
25Ohd Concentration ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives An important point of contention is whether genetic variation has meaningful impact on vitamin D adequacy on top of known modulators like season, fat mass, skin pigmentation and geographic latitude. Answers could come from information generated by numerous published studies. As a first step towards integration of these often diverse data, the impact of the commonly measured single nucleotide variant rs4588 of the GC gene on 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) concentration in blood of healthy Caucasian adults was assessed with a systematic review and metaanalysis of published findings. Methods Selection criteria for inclusion of studies in the analyses were Caucasian healthy adults and listing of average 25OHD concentration in plasma or serum by rs4588 or the tightly linked rs2282679 genotypes. Percent differences between genotypes were extracted from included publications. A random-effects model of metaanalysis was performed using STAT 16. Results Of the studies meeting inclusion criteria, published between 2005 and 2019, 35 reported genotype-specific 25OHD concentrations in a total of 59,939 Caucasian adults. The weighted averages were 25.3, 23.2 and 20.4 ng/ml for the GC rs4588 CC, AC and AA genotypes. Relative differences are more informative than absolute concentrations since they are much less affected by calibration discrepancies. The CA carriers had 6.8% lower concentrations than CC carriers and AA carriers 15% lower concentrations when using averages weighted by cohort size. Eight of the included studies with a total number of 15,329 individuals reported standard deviations for the genotype-specific 25OHD concentrations and only these were included for the metaanalysis. The average effect size was −0.44 (95% CI; −0.89, 0.01) for carriers of a single rs4588 A allele, and −0.59 (95% CI; −0.94, −0.23) for carriers of two AA alleles. Heterogeneity was high and statistically significant. Conclusions The combined data indicate that 25OHD concentrations differ by GC rs4588 genotype in healthy adults with predominantly Caucasian ancestry with an additive effect of about 9% per allele. The much lower than average 25OHD concentrations in the about 8% GC rs4588 AA genotype carriers should draw attention to this commonly ignored group when it comes to health risks related to vitamin D deficiency. Funding Sources UNC Nutrition Research Institute internal support

scholarly journals Assessment of the contribution of calcium and vitamin D in the diet of the elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Renata Klebaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Interview

Abstract Introduction. The rate of aging and the possible coexistence of diet-related diseases are largely determined by the nutrition and lifestyle of the elderly. Therefore, it is important to assess the degree of coverage of organism demand for such nutrients as calcium and vitamin D in the elderly population. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of age on calcium and vitamin D supply in daily alimentary rations of the elderly as well as their nutritional behaviour in terms of consumption of products which are the source of these nutrients. Material and methods. The study involved 42 subjects aged from 60 to 85 years. The vitamin D and calcium content in daily food rations was assessed with the method of a 24-hour dietary interview carried out in triplicate. Results. The nutrition of the elderly turned out to be inappropriate in terms of supplying the organism with calcium and vitamin D, and this was not age dependent. The average calcium and vitamin D supply in the daily food rations was estimated at 455.53 mg/day and 2.31 μg/day, respectively. The demand for calcium was covered in the range of 31-60% of RDA in over 60% of the elderly and the vitamin D demand was met in 30% of AI in over 80% of the subjects. Conclusions. The assessment of the daily food rations indicates a necessity for increasing the intake of calcium- and vitamin D-rich food products and dietary supplementation with these components.

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