scholarly journals Crop Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Two Thymus vulgaris Chemotypes along Three Years of Organic Cultivation in a Hilly Area of Central Italy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Basma Najar ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
Benedetta Ferri ◽  
Luciana Gabriella Angelini ◽  
Silvia Tavarini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Thymus vulgaris L. is one of the most commonly used medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), owing to a range of therapeutic properties of its essential oil. Plant growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition are influenced by chemotype, environmental conditions, cultivation techniques and vegetative development. Since in MAPs cultivation special attention is paid on high quality of raw material, the adoption of sustainable agriculture methods is of pivotal importance. Therefore, we evaluated the agronomic and qualitative performances of two Thymus vulgaris L. chemotypes, organically cultivated under the Mediterranean climate of hilly lands of central Italy for three consecutive years (2017–2019). Along the trial, total above-ground dry biomass significantly increased from the 1st to 3rd year after planting and large variations in the main biological, biometric and productive traits were observed between the two chemotypes. The ‘thymol’ chemotype EO obviously showed thymol as the major constituent (51.26–49.87%) followed by γ-terpinene and p-cymene. The ‘linalool’ chemotype EO showed high percentages of oxygenated monoterpenes (about 90%) with linalool (75%), linalyl acetate (8.15%) and b-caryophyllene (3.2%) as main constituents. This study highlighted that T. vulgaris can be successfully organically grown in the hilly lands of Tuscany, with interesting biomass and essential oil yields, even though the plants were in the initial years of crop establishment (start in 2017). The introduction of this species into organic cultivation systems could contribute to obtain high-quality raw material, as well as to enhance crop rotation diversification, which is of pivotal importance in the management of organic farms.

scholarly journals Breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops in VILAR: achievements and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
I. N. Korotkikh ◽  
D. N. Baleev ◽  
A. I. Morozov ◽  
P. G. Mizina ◽  
N. I. Sidelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Oil Crops

This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.

Changes in essential oil profile of Thymus daenensis Celak., Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger., and Thymus vulgaris L. under methyl jasmonate treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shayganfar ◽  
Davod Akhzari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Four Levels

Background: Thymus plants are well-known medicinal plants and it is believed that the pharmaceutical and therapeutically properties of these plants are related to their essential oils. The quality and quantity of the essential oils, as a secondary metabolite of aromatic plant, is directly related to the physiological state of the plant. The role of jasmonates in the plant as signal molecules in mediation and up-regulation of plant defense and secondary metabolism processes is well recognized. Objective: With the aim of increasing the performance and stimulating secondary metabolites, this study evaluate the influence of foliar application of MJ on essential oil content and composition of three different Thymus species, whether as an elicitor or an activator. Method: The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with MJ treatments in four levels (0, 30, 60, 100 mM) and three replications. Results: Compared to the control, essential oil content of all three species increased in all treatment levels. However, the changes of essential oil composition were different. Under MJ treatments, the amount of sesquiterpenes (especially caryophyllene oxide) increased in T. daenensis and T. fedtschenkoi. In addition, the amount of thymol in T. daenensis, thymol, and γ-terpinene in T. vulgaris increased, whereas carvacrol methyl ether in T. daenensis and p-cymene in T. vulgaris decreased. Conclusion: It seems the type of plant species has a specific role in determining the response. There were no interpretable changes between treatment levels.

scholarly journals Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Productivity and Raw Material Quality from Organic Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gniewosz ◽  
Iwona Gientka ◽  
Zenon Węglarz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Central European ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Sweet basil is one of the most important culinary herbs. Currently, its production is carried out mainly in accordance with conventional agriculture. However, its cultivation in organic systems seems to be better adjusted to consumer demands connected with the lack of pesticide residues in foods and their safety. In the present study, two methods of basil cultivation in organic farming system were applied, i.e., in the open air and under foil tunnels. During the experiment, in central European climatic conditions, it was possible to obtain four successive cuts of herb. The herb was subjected to chemical analysis, including determination of the content of essential oil, phenolic compounds, and chlorophylls. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis of the essential oil was performed, whereas the fresh herb was subjected to sensory analysis. The cumulative mass of fresh herb was distinctly higher in the cultivation under foil tunnels (44.7 kg∙10 m−2) in comparison to the open field (24.7 kg∙10 m−2). The content of essential oil, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was also higher in the raw material collected from plants grown under foil tunnels (0.81, 0.36, and 0.78 g·100g−1 DW, respectively) than from the open field (0.48, 0.29, and 0.59g·100g−1 DW, respectively). In turn, the dominant compound of the essential oil, i.e., linalool, was present in higher amounts in the essential oil obtained from plants cultivated in the open field. The sensory and microbiological quality of herb was comparable for both methods of cultivation. The obtained results indicate that, in central European climatic conditions, it is possible to obtain good-quality yield of basil herb. However, for its better productivity, it seems that cultivation under foil tunnels is preferable.

Essential Oil Composition ofEphedra nebrodensisTineo ex Guss. subsp.nebrodensisfrom Central Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Maggi ◽  
Domenico Lucarini ◽  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Sauro Vittori ◽  
Gianni Sagratini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Aerial Parts and Ripe Fruits of Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae) from Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Salvatore Genovese ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Eubacterium Limosum

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the flowering aerial parts and ripe fruits of Echinophora spinosa L. (Apiaceae) from central Italy were analyzed by GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil from the aerial parts were β-phellandrene (34.7%), myristicin (16.5%), δ3-carene (12.6%), α-pinene (6.7%) and α-phellandrene (6.2%), and of the oil from the ripe fruits p-cymene (50.2%), myristicin (15.3%), α-pinene (15.1%) and α-phellandrene (8.1%). The two oils showed good antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile, C perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium limosum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Candida albicans with MIC values respectively of 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 2.25, and 0.50%, v/v, and 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 2.25, 0.50%, v/v, for aerial parts and ripe fruits respectively. A less significant antimicrobial activity against bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, very important in the intestinal microflora, was also detected, with MIC values higher than 4.0%, v/v.

scholarly journals Variation in the Volatile Constituents of Different Plant Parts of Ligusticopsis wallichiana from Western Himalaya, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra C. Padalia ◽  
Ram S. Verma ◽  
Amit Chauhan ◽  
Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽  
Anju Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetylenic Compounds

The essential oil composition of the leaves, stem, flowers and roots of Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods. Forty-five constituents, forming 93.2%–97.8% of the oil compositions, were dominated by acetylenic (31.5%–92.8%) compounds and sesquiterpenoids (0.3%–44.4%). The leaf essential oil was mainly composed 3,5-nonadiyne (35.8%), β-selinene (20.9%), α-funebrene (10.1%) and ( Z)-falcarinol (6.1%). The stem oil was dominated by acetylenic compounds (73.8%) represented by 3,5-nonadiyne (67.8%) and ( Z)-falcarinol (5.7%). On the contrary, the major components of the flower essential oil were sesquiterpenoids (37.5%), such as germacrene D (16.6%), α-funebrene (7.4%), and acetylenic compounds (31.5%), such as ( Z)-falcarinol (21.0%) and 3,5-nonadiyne (10.0%). Monoterpenoids constituted 23.9% of the flower oil with limonene (19.9%) as the single major constituent. The essential oil of the roots was dominated by 3,5-nonadiyne (90.5%). The results showed considerable qualitative and quantitative variations in the essential oil compositions of the different plant parts of L. wallichiana. ( Z)-Falcarinol (1.9%–21.0%) and α-funebrene (0.1%–10.1%) were reported for the first time from the essential oils of L. wallichiana.

scholarly journals COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRUNUS PERSICA VAR. NECTARINA GROWING IN UZBEKI-STAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Ra"no Botirovna Karabaeva ◽  
Alidzhan Aminovich Ibragimov ◽  
Otabek Mamadaliyevich Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components

The article presents the results of determining the composition of essential oils of Prunus persica var. nectarina varieties "yellow nectarine" – "sariк luchchak (uzb.) ", growing in two regions of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The pale yellow essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from un-dried fresh leaves of plants. The oil composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890 AGC 6890 N gas chromotograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent 5975C inert MSD) as a detector on an HP-5 MS quartz capillary column. An essential oil of pale yellow color was isolated from the leaves of plants. In the composition of essential oils, 56 and 61 compounds were identified in the first and second samples, respectively, wich is 94.55 and 96.00% of the total components. The dominant components of the first saple are camphor bicyclic monoterpene ketones (24.21%), α-thujone (15.00%) and β-thujone (4.27%), aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde (18.83%) and isobornoleol bicyclic monoterpene alcohol (6.17%). In the second sample, bicyclic monoterpenic ketones (camphor) (36.67%), α-thujone (21.81%) and β-thujone (7.06%) and bicyclic monoterpene alcohol isobornoleol (9.4%) predominate and monocyclic unsaturated monoterpene α-terpinene (2.18%). In both samples, (+)-2-bornanone (camphor) is predominant. The studied variety Prunus persica var. nectarina can serve as a raw material for the production of essential oil, the main components of which are camphor and isobornoleol.

scholarly journals Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Taha EL Kamli ◽  
Faouzi Errachidi ◽  
Noureddine Eloutassi ◽  
Houmane Majid ◽  
Rachida Chabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Rotatory Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Middle Atlas

Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

scholarly journals Does co-inoculation of mycorrhiza and Piriformospora indica fungi enhance the efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence and essential oil composition in peppermint under irrigation with saline water from the Caspian Sea?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254076
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Khalvandi ◽  
Mohammadreza Amerian ◽  
Hematollah Pirdashti ◽  
Sara Keramati
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants

Symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi are ecologically important for medicinal and aromatic plants. Endophytic fungi highly affect the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil composition, and antioxidant enzymes of peppermint under saline condition. The results showed that Fo, YNPQ, YNO, and NPQ values were obviously increased under salinity conditions, while essential oil content, chlorophyll a and b, gs, Fm, Fv, ETR, ФPSII and Fv/Fm ratio decreased by increasing salinity. In addition, salt induced the excess Na+ uptake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for P and K+. The synergistic association of P. indica and AMF caused a considerable increase in the antioxidant ability, essential oil content, Fv/Fm ratio, ФPSII, and amount of P and K+ uptake in salt-stressed plants. The main peppermint oil constituents, menthol, menthone, and 1,8-cineole increased considerably in inoculated plants. Besides, the applied endophytic fungi positively enhanced the ability of peppermint to alleviate the negative effect of the salinity stress.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Traits as Quality Determinants of Common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), on the Example of ‘Standard Winter’ Cultivar

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Anna Pawełczak ◽  
Katarzyna Rolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Chemical Characters

Common thyme is regarded as one of the most important culinary plants. The purpose of the work was to determine the intraspecific variability of common thyme with respect to morphological and chemical characters including the content and composition of essential oil and phenolic compounds in the herb. The objects of the study were 12 clones, vegetatively multiplied from randomly selected individual plants of cultivar ‘Standard Winter’. The morphological observations and harvest of raw materials were carried out in the first year plants’ vegetation. The highest differences between clones were on fresh and dry weight of herb (CV = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively), width of leaves (CV = 0.21), and density of glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface of leaves (CV = 0.29). Examined clones were also differentiated as to the chemical features. Essential oil content (performed by hydrodestillation) and composition (by GC-MS and GC-FID) were determined and they ranged from 2.10 to 4.38 g × 100 g−1 DW. Here, thymol, γ-terpinen, and p-cymen were the dominant compounds. Clone no. 4 was distinctive as to the highest content of essential oil followed by the highest share of thymol (54.59%). The total content of phenolic acids and flavonoids (determined according to PPh 6th) also differed among clones (CV = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively). Using a validated HPLC-DAD method, the following compounds were identified: caffeic, rosmarinic, p-coumaric acids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, naryngenin, and (−)-epicatechin. Here, rosmarinic acid followed by luteolin 7-O-glucoside were present in the highest amounts (611.47–2675.59 and 46.77–325.11 mg × 100 g−1 DW, respectively). The highest differences between clones were the contents of p-coumaric acid (CV = 0.59), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (CV = 0.50) and rosmarinic acid (CV = 0.40). Such a high range of variability can provide problems with raw material standardization. Nevertheless, it opens possibilities for breeders, whereas individual plants/clones may become valuable components for breeding.

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