scholarly journals Development of a Novel Acoustic Spectroscopy Method for Detection of Eggshell Cracks

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4693
Author(s):  
István Kertész ◽  
Viktória Zsom-Muha ◽  
Rebeka András ◽  
Ferenc Horváth ◽  
Csaba Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Acoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Method

Non-destructive testing (NDT) for eggshell faults is highly important for the egg industry, as cracked eggs account for around 3% of total production. The most commonly used method at present, candling, is labor intensive, while computer vision systems are expensive and complicated. In this paper, we present a simple, yet efficient, novel method for eggshell crack detection by acoustic spectroscopy. Altogether, 693 sound recordings were evaluated by different classification methods. The results show a cross-validated 2.1% total classification error, with only 0.87% false positive rate, which is the crucial metric for fresh eggs. Adapting the developed method to an industrial setting may lead to a reliable, fast and cost-effective detection method.

Frozen Section of Thyroid and Parathyroid Specimens

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose C. Anton ◽  
Thomas M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Lobectomy ◽  
Parathyroid Lesions ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Accurate Procedure

Abstract Context.—Preoperative fine-needle aspiration of thyroid lesions has greatly diminished the need for surgical evaluation. However, because thyroid nodules are common lesions, many still require surgical intervention and represent a substantial number of cases that the pathologist encounters in the frozen section laboratory. Objective.—Comprehensive reviews of frozen section indications, as well as gross, cytologic, and histologic features of the most common and diagnostically important thyroid and parathyroid lesions, are presented to provide a guideline for proper triage and management of these cases in the frozen section laboratory. The most common pitfalls are discussed in an attempt to avoid discordant diagnoses. Data Sources.—Thyroid lobectomy, subtotal or total thyroidectomy, and parathyroid biopsy or parathyroidectomy cases are included in this review. Conclusions.—The frozen section evaluation of thyroid and parathyroid lesions remains a highly accurate procedure with a low false-positive rate. Gross inspection, complemented by cytologic and histologic review, provides the surgeon with the rapid, reliable, cost-effective information necessary for optimum patient care.

scholarly journals Clinical and Economic Evaluation after Adopting Contingent Cell-Free DNA Screening for Fetal Trisomies in South Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 749-756
Author(s):  
José A. Sainz ◽  
María R. Torres ◽  
Ignacio Peral ◽  
Reyes Granell ◽  
Manuel Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Fetal Malformations ◽  
Cfdna Screening ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Contingent cell-free (cf) DNA screening on the basis of the first-trimester combined test (FCT) results has emerged as a cost-effective strategy for screening of trisomy 21 (T21). <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To assess performance, patients’ uptake, and cost of contingent cfDNA screening and to compare them with those of the established FCT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective cohort study including all singleton pregnancies attending to their FCT for screening of T21 at 2 university hospitals in South Spain. When the FCT risk was ≥1:50, there were major fetal malformations, or the nuchal translucency was ≥3.5 mm, women were recommended invasive testing (IT); if the risk was between 1:50 and 1:270, women were recommended cfDNA testing; and for risks bellow 1:270, no further testing was recommended. Detection rate (DR), false-positive rate (FPR), patients’ uptake, and associated costs were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We analyzed 10,541 women, including 46 T21 cases. DR of our contingent strategy was 89.1% (41/46) at 1.4% (146/10,541) FPR. Uptake of cfDNA testing was 91.2% (340/373), and overall IT rate was 2.0%. The total cost of our strategy was €1,462,895.7, similar to €1,446,525.7 had cfDNA testing not been available. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Contingent cfDNA screening shows high DR, low IT rate, and high uptake at a similar cost than traditional screening.

Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140012
Author(s):  
Swapandeep Kaur ◽  
Sheifali Gupta ◽  
Swati Singh ◽  
Isha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Classification Error Rate ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Inability To Work

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease that gradually develops and causes degeneration of the cells of the brain. The leading cause of AD is dementia that results in a person’s inability to work independently. In the early stages of AD, a person forgets recent conversations or the occurrence of an event. In the later stages, there could be severe loss of memory such that the person is not able to even perform everyday tasks. The medicines currently available for AD may improve its symptoms on a temporary basis in the early stage of the disease. Since no treatment is available for curing AD, its detection becomes extremely important. As the clinical treatments are very expensive, the need for automated diagnosis of AD is of critical importance. In this paper, a deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network has been used and applied to four classes of images of AD that is very mild demented, mild demented, average demented, and non-demented. It was found that the moderate demented class had the highest accuracy of 98.9%, a classification error rate of 0.01, and a specificity of 0.992. Also, the lowest false positive rate of 0.007 was obtained.

Comparing the clinical and economic effects of clinical examination, pulse oximetry, and echocardiography in newborn screening for congenital heart defects: A probabilistic cost-effectiveness model and value of information analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingolf Griebsch ◽  
Rachel L. Knowles ◽  
Jacqueline Brown ◽  
Catherine Bull ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objectives: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are an important cause of death and morbidity in early childhood, but the effectiveness of alternative newborn screening strategies in preventing the collapse or death—before diagnosis—of infants with treatable but life-threatening defects is uncertain. We assessed their effectiveness and efficiency to inform policy and research priorities.Methods: We compared the effectiveness of clinical examination alone and clinical examination with either pulse oximetry or screening echocardiography in making a timely diagnosis of life-threatening CHD or in diagnosing clinically significant CHD. We contrasted their cost-effectiveness, using a decision-analytic model based on 100,000 live births, and assessed future research priorities using value of information analysis.Results: Clinical examination alone, pulse oximetry, and screening echocardiography achieved 34.0, 70.6, and 71.3 timely diagnoses per 100,000 live births, respectively. This finding represents an additional cost per additional timely diagnosis of £4,894 and £4,496,666 for pulse oximetry and for screening echocardiography. The equivalent costs for clinically significant CHD are £1,489 and £36,013, respectively. Key determinants of cost-effectiveness are detection rates and screening test costs. The false-positive rate is very high with screening echocardiography (5.4 percent), but lower with pulse oximetry (1.3 percent) or clinical examination alone (.5 percent).Conclusions: Adding pulse oximetry to clinical examination is likely to be a cost-effective newborn screening strategy for CHD, but further research is required before this policy can be recommended. Screening echocardiography is unlikely to be cost-effective, unless the detection of all clinically significant CHD is considered beneficial and a 5 percent false-positive rate acceptable.

scholarly journals A Generative Approach Toward Precision Antimicrobial Peptide Design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon B. Ferrell ◽  
Jacob M. Remington ◽  
Colin M. Van Oort ◽  
Mona Sharafi ◽  
Reem Aboushousha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Membrane Binding ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Umbrella Sampling ◽  
Generative Model ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Positive Rate

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are peptides with promising applications for healthcare, veterinary, and agriculture industries. Despite prior success in AMP design using physics- or knowledge-based approaches, there is still a critical need to create new methodologies to design peptides with a low false positive rate and high AMP activity and selectivity. Toward this goal, we invented a cost-effective approach which utilizes a generative model to produce AMP-like sequences and molecular simulations to select peptides based on their structures and interactions. For a proof of concept, we curated a dataset that comprises 500,000 non-AMP peptide sequences and 8,000 labeled AMP sequences to train the generative model, which generated novel and diverse AMP candidates to potentially target a wide variety of microbes. Following a screening process to select peptides that are cationic and likely helical, we assessed 12 candidates by simulating their membrane-binding tendency to a lipid bilayer model. With the umbrella sampling technique, we determined the free energy change during transfer from the solution to the membrane environments for each peptide. Accordingly, we selected the six peptides with the best membrane-binding tendency, synthesized them, and characterized through spectroscopies and biological assays. Three novel peptides were validated with activity to inhibit bacterial growth. In aggregate, the combination of AMP generator and molecular simulations afford an enhanced accuracy in AMP design. Towards future precision AMP design, our methodology and results demonstrate the viability to design novel AMP-like peptides to target selected pathogens and mechanisms.

scholarly journals SARSeq, a robust and highly multiplexed NGS assay for parallel detection of SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Yelagandula ◽  
Aleksandr Bykov ◽  
Alexander Vogt ◽  
Robert Heinen ◽  
Ezgi Özkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Saliva Analysis ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Generation Sequencing

During a pandemic, mitigation as well as protection of system-critical or vulnerable institutions requires massively parallel, yet cost-effective testing to monitor the spread of agents such as the current SARS-CoV2 virus. Here we present SARSeq, saliva analysis by RNA sequencing, as an approach to monitor presence of SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory viruses performed on tens of thousands of samples in parallel. SARSeq is based on next generation sequencing of multiple amplicons generated in parallel in a multiplexed RT-PCR reaction. It relies on a two-dimensional unique dual indexing strategy using four indices in total, for unambiguous and scalable assignment of reads to individual samples. We calibrated this method using dilutions of synthetic RNA and virions to show sensitivity down to a few molecules, and applied it to hundreds of patient samples validating robust performance across various sample types. Double blinded benchmarking to gold-standard quantitative RT-PCR performed in a clinical setting and a human diagnostics laboratory showed robust performance up to a Ct of 36. The false positive rate, likely due to cross contamination during sample pipetting, was estimated at 0.04-0.1%. In addition to SARS-CoV2, SARSeq detects Influenza A and B viruses as well as human rhinovirus and can be easily expanded to include detection of other pathogens. In sum, SARSeq is an ideal platform for differential diagnostic of respiratory diseases at a scale, as is required during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Limitations of multidetector computed tomography angiography for the diagnosis of blunt cerebrovascular injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Grandhi ◽  
Gregory M. Weiner ◽  
Nitin Agarwal ◽  
David M. Panczykowski ◽  
William J. Ares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Level I

OBJECTIVEBlunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVIs) following trauma carry risk for morbidity and mortality. Since patients with BCVI are often asymptomatic at presentation and neurological sequelae often occur within 72 hours, timely diagnosis is essential. Multidetector CT angiography (CTA) has been shown to be a noninvasive, cost-effective, reliable means of screening; however, the false-positive rate of CTA in diagnosing patients with BCVI represents a key drawback. Therefore, the authors assessed the role of DSA in the screening of BCVI when utilizing CTA as the initial screening modality.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients who experienced BCVI between 2013 and 2015 at 2 Level I trauma centers. All patients underwent CTA screening for BCVI according to the updated Denver Screening Criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with BCVI on CTA underwent confirmatory digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Patient demographics, screening indication, BCVI grade on CTA and DSA, and laboratory values were collected. Comparison of false-positive rates stratified by BCVI grade on CTA was performed using the chi-square test.RESULTSA total of 140 patients (64% males, mean age 50 years) with 156 cerebrovascular blunt injuries to the carotid and/or vertebral arteries were identified. After comparison with DSA findings, CTA findings were incorrect in 61.5% of vessels studied, and the overall CTA false-positive rates were 47.4% of vessels studied and 47.9% of patients screened. The positive predictive value (PPV) for CTA was higher among worse BCVI subtypes on initial imaging (PPV 76% and 97%, for BCVI Grades II and IV, respectively) compared with Grade I injuries (PPV 30%, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn the current series, multidetector CTA as a screening test for blunt cerebrovascular injury had a high-false positive rate, especially in patients with Grade I BCVI. Given a false-positive rate of 47.9% with an estimated average of 132 patients per year screening positive for BCVI with CTA, approximately 63 patients per year would potentially be treated unnecessarily with antithrombotic therapy at a busy United States Level I trauma center. The authors’ data support the use of DSA after positive findings on CTA in patients with suspected BCVI. DSA as an adjunctive test in patients with positive CTA findings allows for increased diagnostic accuracy in correctly diagnosing BCVI while minimizing risk from unnecessary antithrombotic therapy in polytrauma patients.

STUDY ON THE RECOGNITION OF OBJECTIONABLE AUDIO

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 981-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZIQIANG SHI ◽  
BOYANG GAO ◽  
TIERAN ZHENG ◽  
JIQING HAN
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Supplementary Method ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Method

In this paper, a novel method from the feature — porno-sounds recognition — point of view is proposed to detect adult video sequences automatically which may serve as a verification step, a supplementary method or an independent detector. To the specificity of erotic sound, its feature analysis is given. Based on the popular features, histograms and contours are introduced as new sets of features. At the same time due to the complexity of outside data, a general framework called in-class clustering is proposed which selects the most representative subclass for training and classification. All these efforts increase the recall rate and decrease the false positive rate. Experiments on real data from the Internet indicate that the proposed method yields superior performance with 89.17% recall rate and 10.78% false positive rate being achieved.

scholarly journals A COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR CRACK DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT ON CONCRETE SURFACE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W8 ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sarker ◽  
T. A. Ali ◽  
A. Abdelfatah ◽  
S. Yehia ◽  
A. Elaksher
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Data File ◽  
Depth Camera ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Recent Developments

Crack detection and measurement in the surface of concrete structures is currently carried out manually or through Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) such as imaging or scanning. The recent developments in depth (stereo) cameras have presented an opportunity for cost-effective, reliable crack detection and measurement. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the new inexpensive depth camera (ZED) for crack detection and measurement. This depth camera with its lightweight and portable nature produces a 3D data file of the imaged surface. The ZED camera was utilized to image a concrete surface and the 3D file was processed to detect and analyse cracks. This article describes the outcome of the experiment carried out with the ZED camera as well as the processing tools used for crack detection and analysis. Crack properties that were also of interest were length, orientation, and width. The use of the ZED camera allowed for distinction between surface and concrete cracks. The ZED high-resolution capability and point cloud capture technology helped in generating a dense 3D data in low-lighting conditions. The results showed the ability of the ZED camera to capture the crack depth changes between surface (render) cracks, and crack that form in the concrete itself.

scholarly journals Incorporation of unique molecular identifiers in TruSeq adapters improves the accuracy of quantitative sequencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungeui Hong ◽  
David Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Pcr Duplicates ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Multiplex Sequencing

Quantitative analysis of next-generation sequencing data requires discriminating duplicate reads generated by PCR from identical molecules that are of unique origin. Typically, PCR duplicates are defined as sequence reads that align to the same genomic coordinates using reference-based alignment. However, identical molecules can be independently generated during library preparation. The false positive rate of coordinate-based deduplication has not been well characterized and may introduce unforeseen biases during analyses. We developed a cost-effective sequencing adapter design by modifying Illumina TruSeq adapters to incorporate a unique molecular identifier (UMI) while maintaining the capacity to undertake multiplexed sequencing. Incorporation of UMIs enables identification of bona fide PCR duplicates as identically mapped reads with identical UMIs. Using TruSeq adapters containing UMIs (TrUMIseq adapters), we find that accurate removal of PCR duplicates results in enhanced data quality for quantitative analysis of allele frequencies in heterogeneous populations and gene expression.Method SummaryTrUMIseq adapters incorporate unique molecular identifiers in TruSeq adapters while maintaining the capacity to multiplex sequencing libraries using existing workflows. The use of UMIs increases the accuracy of quantitative sequencing assays, including RNAseq and allele frequency estimation, by enabling accurate detection of PCR duplicates.

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