scholarly journals Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Complications Related to COVID-19 Disease: Mode of Action and Approaches Explored to Increase Its Bioavailability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2834
Author(s):  
Nikola Gligorijević ◽  
Dragana Stanić-Vučinić ◽  
Mirjana Radomirović ◽  
Marija Stojadinović ◽  
Urmila Khulal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Control

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by many plants as a defense mechanism against stress-inducing conditions. The richest dietary sources of resveratrol are berries and grapes, their juices and wines. Good bioavailability of resveratrol is not reflected in its high biological activity in vivo because of resveratrol isomerization and its poor solubility in aqueous solutions. Proteins, cyclodextrins and nanomaterials have been explored as innovative delivery vehicles for resveratrol to overcome this limitation. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated beneficial effects of resveratrol in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Main beneficial effects of resveratrol intake are cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory, anti-diabetic, and improvement of lipid status. As resveratrol can alleviate the numerous factors associated with CVD, it has potential as a functional supplement to reduce COVID-19 illness severity in patients displaying poor prognosis due to cardio-vascular complications. Resveratrol was shown to mitigate the major pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 including regulation of the renin-angiotensin system and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, stimulation of immune system and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Therefore, several studies already have anticipated potential implementation of resveratrol in COVID-19 treatment. Regular intake of a resveratrol rich diet, or resveratrol-based complementary medicaments, may contribute to a healthier cardio-vascular system, prevention and control of CVD, including COVID-19 disease related complications of CVD.

scholarly journals Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Complications Related to Covid-19 Disease: Mode of Action and Approaches Explored to Increase Its Bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Gligorijević ◽  
Dragana Stanić-Vučinić ◽  
Mirjana Radomirović ◽  
Marija Stojadinović ◽  
Olgica Nedic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Control

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by many plants as a defense mechanism against stress-inducing conditions. The richest dietary sources of resveratrol are berries and grapes, their juices and wines. Good bioavailability of resveratrol is not reflected in its high biological activity in vivo because of resveratrol isomerization and its poor solubility in aqueous solutions. Proteins, cyclodextrins and nanomaterials have been explored as innovative delivery vehicles for resveratrol to overcome this limitation. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated beneficial effects of resveratrol in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Main beneficial effects of resveratrol intake are cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory, anti-diabetic, and improvement of lipid status. As resveratrol can alleviate the numerous factors associated with CVD, it has potential as a functional supplement to reduce COVID-19 illness severity in patients displaying poor prognosis due to cardio-vascular complications. Resveratrol was shown to mitigate the major pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 including regulation of the renin-angiotensin system and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, stimulation of immune system and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Therefore, several studies already have anticipated potential implementation of resveratrol in COVID-19 treatment. Regular intake of resveratrol rich diet, or resveratrol-based complementary medicaments, may contribute to a healthier cardio-vascular system, prevention and control of CVD, including COVID-19 disease related complications of CVD.

scholarly journals Efficacy of sonothrombolysis using acoustically activated perflutren nanodroplets versus perflutren microbubbles

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S El Kadi ◽  
L Qian ◽  
P Zeng ◽  
J Lof ◽  
E Stolze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Mechanical Index ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The use of intermittent high mechanical index (HMI) ultrasound impulses in combination with intravenously administered microbubbles (MB) has been shown to dissolve arterial and microvascular thrombi. The recent development of liquid droplets with nanoscale diameter from commercially available microbubbles may optimize thrombus permeation and subsequent thrombus dissolution. Methods Thrombi were formed from fresh porcine arterial whole blood mixed with thrombin, and placed in a vascular system mimicking branching epicardial coronary circulation (Figure 1A) at 37 Celsius and flow rate. A diagnostic ultrasound system with a tissue mimicking phantom was placed on top of the thrombus to simulate transthoracic echocardiography. Thrombus treatment consisted of a 10-minute infusion of either diluted nanodroplets (ND) or MB (same concentration) with intermittent HMI fundamental multipulse (3 usec pulse duration; FUS) or single pulse harmonic (HUS) impulses. All treatments were randomized and compared with HMI impulses alone. Efficacy was evaluated by percentage thrombus dissolution (%TD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of residual thrombi after treatment was performed to examine for droplet permeation and resultant formed microbubble size. Results A relatively monodisperse nanodroplets size distribution was formed from microbubble cooled compression (mean diameter was 147±54 nm). A total of 60 porcine arterial thrombi were tested, 20 in each MB and ND treated group (20 control). Overall, there was a significant difference in %TD between ND treated thrombi (combining HUS and FUS HMI treated groups) versus MB treated thrombi and control (p<0.0001 and p=0.02, respectively; ANOVA, Figure 1B). The highest %TD was seen in the FUS HMI treated ND group (mean 51±17%; Figure 1B). TEM of the DND treated group demonstrated significant expansion (diameters of 6 microns; Figure 1 C) of acoustically activated droplets embedded within the thrombi. Conclusion ND in combination with intermittent HMI ultrasound resulted in significantly greater thrombolysis compared to MB. In-vivo studies on nanodroplet mediated sonothrombolysis for vascular and microvascular thrombi should be performed with this modification of a commercially available microbubble. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Theodore F. Hubbard Foundation

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

scholarly journals Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA): A New Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Maria Albanese ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽  
Potential Use

The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 100,000,000 cases of coronavirus infection in the world in just a year, of which there were 2 million deaths. Its clinical picture is characterized by pulmonary involvement that culminates, in the most severe cases, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, COVID-19 affects other organs and systems, including cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Currently, unique-drug therapy is not supported by international guidelines. In this context, it is important to resort to adjuvant therapies in combination with traditional pharmacological treatments. Among natural bioactive compounds, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) seems to have potentially beneficial effects. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an ongoing clinical trial with ultramicronized (um)-PEA as an add-on therapy in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In support of this hypothesis, in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pain-relieving effects of PEA, especially in its um form. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential use of um-PEA as an adjuvant treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Selective Targeting of Epigenetic Readers and Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ghiboub ◽  
Ahmed M. I. Elfiky ◽  
Menno P. J. de Winther ◽  
Nicola R. Harker ◽  
David F. Tough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) play a key role in chromatin remodeling. Based on their ability to regulate inducible gene expression in the context of inflammation and cancer, HDACs and BCPs have been the focus of drug discovery efforts, and numerous small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, dose-limiting toxicities of the first generation of inhibitors, which typically target multiple HDACs or BCPs, have limited translation to the clinic. Over the last decade, an increasing effort has been dedicated to designing class-, isoform-, or domain-specific HDAC or BCP inhibitors, as well as developing strategies for cell-specific targeted drug delivery. Selective inhibition of the epigenetic modulators is helping to elucidate the functions of individual epigenetic proteins and has the potential to yield better and safer therapeutic strategies. In accordance with this idea, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the ability of more selective HDAC/BCP inhibitors to recapitulate the beneficial effects of pan-inhibitors with less unwanted adverse events. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances with these strategies, discussing advantages and limitations of these approaches as well as some therapeutic perspectives, focusing on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract 518: In Vitro and in vivo Disease Modeling Using Patient Derived iPSCs to Characterize the Calcification Phenotype in Arterial Calcification Due to Deficiency of CD73

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia St. Hilaire ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Yuting Huang ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Alejandra Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
And Control

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease model to understand the process by which CD73-deficiency leads to vascular calcification in the disease, Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency of CD73 (ACDC). Approach & Results: ACDC is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the gene encoding for CD73, which converts extracellular AMP to adenosine. CD73-deficiency manifests with tortuosity and vascular calcification of the medial layer of lower-extremity arteries, a pathology associated with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. We previously identified that dermal fibroblasts isolated from ACDC patients calcify in vitro, however in vivo studies of the vasculature are limited, as murine models of CD73 deficiency do not recapitulate the human disease phenotype. Thus, we created iPSCs from ACDC patients and control fibroblasts. ACDC and Control iPSCs form teratomas when injected in immune-compromised mice, however ACDC iPSC teratomas exhibit extensive calcifications. Control and ACDC iPSCs were differentiated down the mesenchymal lineage (MSC) and while there was no difference in chondrogenesis and adipogenesis, ACDC iMSCs underwent osteogenesis sooner than control iPSC, have higher activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and lower levels of extracellular adenosine. During osteogenic simulation, TNAP activity in ACDC cells significantly increased adenosine levels, however, not to levels needed for functional compensatory stimulation of the adenosine receptors. Inhibition of TNAP with levimisole ablates this increase in adenosine. Treatment with an A2b adenosine receptor (AR) agonist drastically reduced TNAP activity in vitro, and calcification in ACDC teratomas, as did treatment with etidronate, which is currently being tested in a clinical trial on ACDC patients. Conclusions: These results illustrate a pro-osteogenic phenotype in CD73-deficient cells whereby TNAP activity attempts to compensate for CD73 deficiency, but subsequently induces calcification that can be reversed by activation of the A2bAR. The iPSC teratoma model may be used to screen other potential therapeutics for calcification disorders.

scholarly journals Health Beneficial Effects of Moomiaii in Traditional Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Solmaz Rahmani Barouji ◽  
Amir Saber ◽  
Mohammadali Torbati ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou ◽  
Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
English Language ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Health Complications

raditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a pale-brown to blackish-brown natural exudate is one of the natural compounds in traditional medicine that has been used over 3000 years in many countries of the world especially in India, China, Russia, Iran, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan. We reviewed all English-language studies about Moomiaii that we accessed them. In traditional medicine, many beneficial activities have been attributed to Moomiaii and to its main constituents, Humic acid and Fulvic acid, which are widely used to prevent and treatment of different diseases. Some modern scientific investigations showed that Moomiaii as a safe dietary supplement can be beneficial in various health complications. Even though the beneficial effects of Moomiaii have been confirmed in traditional and modern medicine, it seems that additional in-vitro/in-vivo studies and comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to explain the whole mechanisms of action and to determine the effective doses in various diseases. We discuss and clarify the claimed health beneficial effects of Moomiaii in some wide-spread diseases regarding its anti-ulcerogenic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antioxidative and anticancer properties. [GMJ.2020;9:e1743]

scholarly journals Efeito de imunodulador glutamina e probiótico pool de Lactobacillus na atenuação dos sintomas e crises de asma em crianças

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Michele Honicky ◽  
João Paulo Zattar ◽  
Mariana Saciloto ◽  
Mariana Abe Vicente Cavagnari ◽  
Claudia Nodari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Asthma Attack ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Immunomodulator glutamine and probiotic Lactobacillus at certain doses have beneficial effects by modulation of the immune system and may assist in the integrity of therespiratory system. However, studies about the effects of glutamine or Lactobacillus pool on the prevention and control of asthma in children are still scarce. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of the use of glutamine and Lactobacillus pool on the attenuation of clinical asthma symptoms in children. Methods: Longitudinal study, 45 children with medical diagnosis of asthma distributed in three groups: control group (C), glutamine group (G), Lactobacillus group (L). Group G was supplemented with L-glutamine powder (0.3 g/kg/day). Group L used a pool of Lactoba- cillus (Lactobacillus casei, paracasei, rhamnosus, acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) (2 g/day). Group C received no glutamine or Lactobacillus pool. Clinical characteristics and symptoms of respiratory diseases were assessed by study-specific anamnesis and ISSAC Questionnaire (to obtain diagnostic scores and asthma symptoms) for 4 months. To test for differences between groups, the ANOVA test with Tukey post-hoc test was used. It was considered significant p <0.05. Results: Initial ISSAC score was (C=8.67±1.77, L=7.80±1.52 and G=8.00 ± 1.46, p=0.31). At the first follow-up, the ISSAC score indicated that group G had improvement in the clinical characteristics of asthma (C=6.47±2.29, L = 5.07±2.28, G = 4.00±1.73, p <0.05), as also occurred in the following months until the last follow-up (C=5.93±2.28, L=5.13±2.13, G=4.00±1.96, p<0.05). After supplementation, group G presented lower mean duration of asthma attack (p=0.01), lower number of asthma attack (p<0.05), lower prevalence of typical asthma symptoms, as cough and wheezing (p<0.05). Conclusion: Glutamine supplementation attenuated the typical asthma symptoms, while the use of Lactobacillus pool did not attenuate the symptoms. Glutamine may be a new strategy for prevention and control of asthma in children.

Polyphenols in Food: Cancer Prevention and Apoptosis Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 4740-4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashita Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Jatinder Kaur Katnoria ◽  
Avinash Kaur Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups

Polyphenols are a group of water-soluble organic compounds, mainly of natural origin. The compounds having about 5-7 aromatic rings and more than 12 phenolic hydroxyl groups are classified as polyphenols. These are the antioxidants which protect the body from oxidative damage. In plants, they are the secondary metabolites produced as a defense mechanism against stress factors. Antioxidant property of polyphenols is suggested to provide protection against many diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), including cancer. Various studies carried out across the world have suggested that polyphenols can inhibit the tumor generation, induce apoptosis in cancer cells and interfere in progression of tumors. This group of wonder compounds is present in surplus in natural plants and food products. Intake of polyphenols through diet can scavenge ROS and thus can help in cancer prevention. The plant derived products can also be used along with conventional chemotherapy to enhance the chemopreventive effects. The present review focuses on various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out to assess the anti-carcinogenic potential of polyphenols present in our food. Also, the pathways involved in cancer chemopreventive effects of various subclasses (flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and phenolic acids) of polyphenols are discussed.

scholarly journals Progress to Improve Oral Bioavailability and Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Chimento ◽  
Francesca De Amicis ◽  
Rosa Sirianni ◽  
Maria Sinicropi ◽  
Francesco Puoci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene; RSV) is a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol present in many species of plants, particularly in grapes, blueberries, and peanuts. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that in addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions, it exhibits antitumor properties. In mammalian models, RSV is extensively metabolized and rapidly eliminated and therefore it shows a poor bioavailability, in spite it of its lipophilic nature. During the past decade, in order to improve RSV low aqueous solubility, absorption, membrane transport, and its poor bioavailability, various methodological approaches and different synthetic derivatives have been developed. In this review, we will describe the strategies used to improve pharmacokinetic characteristics and then beneficial effects of RSV. These methodological approaches include RSV nanoencapsulation in lipid nanocarriers or liposomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, insertion into polymeric particles, solid dispersions, and nanocrystals. Moreover, the biological results obtained on several synthetic derivatives containing different substituents, such as methoxylic, hydroxylic groups, or halogens on the RSV aromatic rings, will be described. Results reported in the literature are encouraging but require additional in vivo studies, to support clinical applications.

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