scholarly journals Choline Chloride–Lactic Acid-Based NADES As an Extraction Medium in a Response Surface Methodology-Optimized Method for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Hazelnut Skin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Chiara Fanali ◽  
Valeria Gallo ◽  
Susanna Della Posta ◽  
Laura Dugo ◽  
Leone Mazzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solvent Ratio

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising green solvents for the extraction of compounds from food byproducts. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is one of the most commonly cultivated tree nuts worldwide. The skin represents one of the major byproducts of the hazelnut industry and accounts for 2.5% of the total hazelnut kernel weight. It is a rich source of phenolic compounds like flavan-3-ols, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, and phenolic acids. In this work, fifteen DESs based on choline chloride and betaine, with different compositions, were studied in order to test their phenolic compounds extraction efficiency through the determination of their total concentration via Folin–Ciocalteu assay. A qualitative analysis of extracted phenolic compounds was assessed by HPLC with UV and MS detection. Using the DES with the best extraction efficiency, a new ultrasound-assisted solid liquid extraction (UA-SLE) method was optimized though the response surface methodology (RSM), taking into account some extraction parameters. Efficient recovery of extracted phenolic compounds was achieved using a 35% water solution of choline chloride and lactic acid (molar ratio 1:2) as an extraction solvent, working at 80 °C and with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:25 gmL−1. The optimized conditions made it possible to recover 39% more phenolic compounds compared to a classic organic solvent.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Black Quinoa by Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3616
Author(s):  
Valentina Melini ◽  
Francesca Melini
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Functional Components

Phenolic compounds are currently the most investigated class of functional components in quinoa. However, great variability in their content emerged, because of differences in sample intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics; processing-induced factors; as well as extraction procedures applied. This study aimed to optimize phenolic compound extraction conditions in black quinoa seeds by Response Surface Methodology. An ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed with two different mixtures; and the effect of time; temperature; and sample-to-solvent ratio on total phenolic content (TPC) was investigated. Data were fitted to a second-order polynomial model. Multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine the fitness of the model and optimal conditions for TPC. Three-dimensional surface plots were generated from the mathematical models. TPC at optimal conditions was 280.25 ± 3.94 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) 100 g−1 dm upon extraction with aqueous methanol/acetone, and 236.37 ± 5.26 mg GAE 100 g−1 dm with aqueous ethanol mixture. The phenolic profile of extracts obtained at optimal conditions was also investigated by HPLC. The two extracting procedures did not show different specificities for phenolic compounds but differed in the extraction yield.

scholarly journals Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) with Response Surface Methodology Optimization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Martina Jakovljević ◽  
Stela Jokić ◽  
Maja Molnar ◽  
Igor Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Content Extraction ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Salvia officinalis L. is a good source of antioxidant compounds such as phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol. From 17 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used, choline chloride: lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) was found to be the most suitable for the extraction of targeted compounds. The influence of H2O content, extraction time, and temperature (for stirring and heating and for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)), H2O content, extraction time, and vibration speed for mechanochemical extraction on the content of targeted compounds were investigated. Carnosic acid content obtained by the extraction assisted by stirring and heating was from 2.55 ± 0.04 to 14.43 ± 0.28 µg mg−1, for UAE it was from 1.62 ± 0.29 to 14.00 ± 0.02 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 1.80 ± 0.02 to 8.26 ± 0.45 µg mg−1. Determined carnosol content was in the range 0.81 ± 0.01 to 4.83 ± 0.09 µg mg−1 for the extraction with stirring and for UAE it was from 0.56 ± 0.02 to 4.18 ± 0.05 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 0.57 ± 0.11 to 2.01 ± 0.16 µg mg−1. Optimal extraction conditions determined by response surface methodology (RSM) were in accordance with experimentally demonstrated values. In comparison with previously published or own results using conventional solvents or supercritical CO2, used DES provided more efficient extraction of both targeted compounds.

scholarly journals Optimization of subcritical water extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujuba using response surface methodology: evaluation of thermal stability and antioxidant activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Niazmand ◽  
Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi ◽  
Azam Niazmand
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Emulsion Model ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

Abstract Background The jujube is mainly grown in the subtropical and tropical regions of Asia. Due to owning bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, it was considered as medicinal and nutritional plant in traditional medicine. This study aimed to extract phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujuba using subcritical water (SCW) process. The possible combinations of temperature, time, and fruit-to-solvent ratio were investigated using response surface methodology. Results The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of 975.94 mg/g and 53.98%, respectively, were recovered at optimum extraction conditions (170 °C, 74.49 min, and fruit-to-solvent ratio of 1:5.29). The extract obtained in SCW optimum conditions was put under thermal treatments including low temperature long time, high temperature short time, cooking, baking, and sterilization. The results showed after baking, the amount of TPC, RSC, and absorbance at 420 nm increased. The quantity of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and rutin increased significantly. The efficiency of SCW extract in retarding lipid oxidation in bulk oil and O/W emulsion model was investigated at 50 °C for 10 days. After 10 days, the peroxide value of bulk oil (1.1 meq O2/kg) containing SCW extract was lower than O/W emulsion model (2.2 meq O2/kg). Conclusion The subcritical extracted phenolic compounds seem to have good antioxidant activity as well as thermal stability for using in food or drug industries.

scholarly journals Liquid Polymer Eutectic Mixture for Integrated Extractive-Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil: An Optimization Study via Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Mohd. Faridzuan Majid ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Khairulazhar Jumbri ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Polymer ◽  
Model Oil

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been commercially employed for the production of ultra-low sulfur fuel oil. However, HDS is unable to remove sterically hindered sulfur-containing compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and benzothiophene (BT). An alternative way to remove sulfur is via extractive desulfurization system (EDS) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as sustainable extractant. In this work, liquid polymer DES was synthesized using tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG) with different molar ratios. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of independent variables toward extraction efficiency (EE). Three significant operating parameters, temperature (25–70 °C), DES molar ratio (1–3), and DES volume ratio (0.2–2.0), were varied to study the EE of sulfur from model oil. A quadratic model was selected based on the fit summary test, revealing that the extraction efficiency was greatly influenced by the amount of DES used, followed by the extraction temperature and PEG ratio. Although molar ratio of DES was less sensitive towards EDS performance, the EE was much higher at lower PEG ratio. For the realization of an energy-efficient EDS system, optimization of EDS parameters and EE was carried out via a desirability tool. At 25 °C, 1:1 molar ratio of TBAC to PEG, and DES-to-model-oil-volume ratio of 1, removal of DBT reached as high as 79.01%. The present findings could provide valuable insight into the development of practicable EDS technology as a substitute to previous HDS process.

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS FOR ANTIOXIDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM MALT ROOTLETS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE-JING MENG ◽  
JIAN LU ◽  
WEI FAN ◽  
JIAN-JUN DONG ◽  
JIANHUA ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Response Surface

Comparison of different modeling methods toward predictive capability evaluation of the bonding strength of wood laminated products

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110530
Author(s):  
Morteza Nazerian ◽  
Seyed Ali Razavi ◽  
Ali Partovinia ◽  
Elham Vatankhah ◽  
Zahra Razmpour
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Artificial Neural

The main aim of this study is usability evaluation of different approaches, including response surface methodoloy, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and artificial neural network models to predict and evaluate the bonding strength of glued laminated timber (glulam) manufactured using walnut wood layers and a natural adhesive (oxidized starch adhesive), with respect to this fact that using the modified starch can decrease the formaldehyde emission. In this survey, four variables taken as the input data include the molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea (1.12–1.52), nanocellulose content (0%–4%, based on the dry weight of the adhesive), the mass ratio of the oxidized starch adhesive to the urea formaldehyde resin (30:70–70:30), and the press time (4–8 min). In order to find the best predictive performance of each selected evaluation approach, different membership functions were used. The optimal results were obtained when the molar ratio, nanocellulose content, mass ratio of the oxidised starch, and press time were set at 1.22, 3%, 70:30, and 7 min, respectively. Based on the performance criteria including root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) obtained from the modeling of response surface methodology, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference network, and artificial neural network, it became evident that response surface methodology could offer a better prediction of the response with the lowest level of errors. Beside, artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system support the response surface methodology approach to evaluate bonding strength response with high precision as well as to determine the optimal point in fabrication of laminated products.

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