scholarly journals Synthesis and Antibody Binding Studies of Schistosome-Derived Oligo-α-(1-2)-l-Fucosides

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Michael R. Harvey ◽  
Fabrizio Chiodo ◽  
Wouter Noest ◽  
Cornelis H. Hokke ◽  
Gijsbert A. van der Marel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Microarray Format

Schistosomiasis is caused by blood-dwelling parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma and is classified by the WHO as the second most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, second only to malaria. Schistosoma expresses a complex array of glycans as part of glycoproteins and glycolipids that can be targeted by both the adaptive and the innate part of the immune system. Some of these glycans can be used for diagnostic purposes. A subgroup of schistosome glycans is decorated with unique α-(1-2)-fucosides and it has been shown that these often multi-fucosylated fragments are prime targets for antibodies generated during infection. Since these α-(1-2)-fucosides cannot be obtained in sufficient purity from biological sources, we set out to develop an effective route of synthesis towards α-(1-2)-oligofucosides of varying length. Here we describe the exploration of two different approaches, starting from either end of the fucose chains. The oligosaccharides have been attached to gold nanoparticles and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and a microarray format to probe antibody binding. We show that binding to the oligofucosides of antibodies in sera of infected people depends on the length of the oligofucose chains, with the largest glycans showing most binding.

scholarly journals The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic—Risk Factors or Protective Agents?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Kinga Głuchowska ◽  
Tomasz Dzieciątkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Sędzikowska ◽  
Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak ◽  
Daniel Młocicki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

It is possible that parasites may influence the course of COVID-19 infection, as either risk factors or protective agents; as such, the current coronavirus pandemic may affect the diagnosis and prevention of parasitic disease, and its elimination programs. The present review highlights the similarity between the symptoms of human parasitoses and those of COVID-19 and discuss their mutual influence. The study evaluated selected human parasitoses with similar symptoms to COVID-19 and examined their potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 virus invasion. The available data suggest that at least several human parasitoses could result in misdiagnosis of COVID-19. Some disorders, such as malaria, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths, can increase the risk of severe infection with COVID-19. It is also suggested that recovery from parasitic disease can enhance the immune system and protect from COVID-19 infection. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected parasitic disease elimination programs in endemic regions and influenced the number of diagnoses of human parasitoses.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Potential Applications of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites in Nanomedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Noor Zianah Moden ◽  
Chei Sin Lim ◽  
Terence Celesistinus ◽  
Jie Yee Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biological Sources

Biosynthesized or biogenic metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), have been increasingly used because of their advantages, including high stability and loading capacity; moreover, these nanoparticles are synthesized using a green and cost-effective method. Previous studies have investigated reducing and/or stabilizing agents from various biological sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine-derived products, using either a one-pot or a multistep process at different conditions. In addition, extensive studies have been performed to determine the biological or pharmacological effects of these nanoparticles, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In the recent years, chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide, has been increasingly investigated as a reducing and/or stabilizing agent in the synthesis of biogenic metallic nanoparticles with potential applications in nanomedicine. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of biosynthesis and potential applications of AgNPs and AuNPs and their chitosan-mediated nanocomposites in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for clinical diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in symptomatic patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Mendes de Carvalho Junior ◽  
Dorcas Lamounier Costa ◽  
Savyo Carvalho Soares ◽  
Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Elisa Kit

INTRODUCTION: Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the human central nervous system caused by the metacestode larvae of Taenia solium. Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease in developing countries. Epilepsy is the most common clinical manifestation. Difficulties in confirming the diagnosis motivated the evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with NCC and 44 control patients were studied. CSF was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit developed for NCC. Sensitivity and specificity were measured and a multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 31.8% and 100%, respectively, with accuracy of 77.3%. Only the size of the lesions proved to be important for performance of the test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that ELISA contributes to the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis if the result is negative or if the patient has a lesion of 2 cm or more.

Synthesis and antibody-binding studies of a series of parasite fuco-oligosaccharides

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3553-3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie M. van Roon ◽  
Begoña Aguilera ◽  
Francisco Cuenca ◽  
Alexandra van Remoortere ◽  
Gijsbert A. van der Marel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Binding Studies

scholarly journals Gold nanoparticles, radiations and the immune system: Current insights into the physical mechanisms and the biological interactions of this new alliance towards cancer therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos M. Dimitriou ◽  
George Tsekenis ◽  
Evangelos C. Balanikas ◽  
Athanasia Pavlopoulou ◽  
Melina Mitsiogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Physical Mechanisms

scholarly journals Solution structure and neutralizing antibody binding studies of domain III of the dengue‐2 virus envelope protein

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1116-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo‐Chun Huang ◽  
Ming‐Che Lee ◽  
Chih‐Wei Wu ◽  
Kao‐Jean Huang ◽  
Huan‐Yao Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Virus Envelope Protein ◽  
Domain Iii

scholarly journals Innate Immune Responses of Human Neonatal Cells to Bacteria from the Normal Gastrointestinal Flora

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 6688-6696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Karlsson ◽  
Christina Hessle ◽  
Anna Rudin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Adult Cells

ABSTRACT The hygiene hypothesis postulates that the prevalence of allergy has increased due to decreased microbial stimulation early in life, leading to delayed maturation of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the cytokine pattern produced from cord blood mononuclear cells relative to adult cells after stimulation with bacterial strains from the normal flora. Mononuclear cells from cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with the following bacteria: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus mitis, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Veillonella parvula, and Neisseria sicca. The levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The TNF-α production was also analyzed after blocking CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), and TLR-4 prior to stimulation with bacteria. The levels of IL-12 and TNF-α were similar in cord and adult cells. Gram-positive bacteria induced considerably higher levels of IL-12 and TNF-α than gram-negative bacteria in both cord and adult cells. The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in newborns than in adults, whereas the levels of IL-10 were similar in newborns and adults. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria induced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in cord cells. L. plantarum bound or signaled through CD14, TLR-2, and TLR-4, whereas E. coli acted mainly through CD14 and TLR-4. These results indicate that the innate immune response in newborns to commensal bacteria is strong and also suggest that different bacterial strains may have differential effects on the maturation of the immune system of infants.

Angiostrongylus costaricensis egg antigen for the immunodiagnosis of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mesén-Ramírez ◽  
E. Abrahams-Sandí ◽  
K. Fernández-Quesada ◽  
P. Morera
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Egg Antigen ◽  
Specific Diagnostic Test

AbstractAngiostrongylus costaricensis is the aetiological agent of human abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a parasitic disease reported from the United States to Argentina, with a widespread occurrence of the nematode throughout Central and South America. This study assesses the performance of A. costaricensis eggs as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the determination of parasite-specific IgG1 antibodies. The specificity and the sensitivity of the method were 87% and 90.5%, respectively. Through this test it was possible to demonstrate a sharp and early decline in IgG1 antibody in serum samples taken from patients with histopathological diagnosis of abdominal angiostrongyliasis at different time points after surgical treatment. The present work demonstrated the usefulness of the egg antigen in the development of a specific diagnostic test for abdominal angiostrongylosis.

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