scholarly journals Differences in Salivary Proteins as a Function of PROP Taster Status and Gender in Normal Weight and Obese Subjects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
Melania Melis ◽  
Mariano Mastinu ◽  
Stefano Pintus ◽  
Tiziana Cabras ◽  
Roberto Crnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cystatin Sn

Taste plays an important role in processes such as food choices, nutrition status and health. Salivary proteins contribute to taste sensitivity. Taste reduction has been associated with obesity. Gender influences the obesity predisposition and the genetic ability to perceive the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), oral marker for food preferences and consumption. We investigated variations in the profile of salivary proteome, analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS, between sixty-one normal weight subjects (NW) and fifty-seven subjects with obesity (OB), based on gender and PROP sensitivity. Results showed variations of taste-related salivary proteins between NW and OB, which were differently associated with gender and PROP sensitivity. High levels of Ps-1, II-2 and IB-1 proteins belonging to basic proline rich proteins (bPRPs) and PRP-1 protein belonging to acid proline rich proteins (aPRPs) were found in OB males, who showed a lower body mass index (BMI) than OB females. High levels of Ps-1 protein and Cystatin SN (Cyst SN) were found in OB non-tasters, who had lower BMI than OB super-tasters. These new insights on the role of salivary proteins as a factor driving the specific weight gain of OB females and super-tasters, suggest the use of specific proteins as a strategic tool modifying taste responses related to eating behavior.

Hypercoagulability in overweight and obese subjects who are asymptomatic for thrombotic events

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Radu ◽  
Luca Spiezia ◽  
Sabrina Gavasso ◽  
Mariangela Fadin ◽  
Barry Woodhams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Circulating Microparticles ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

SummaryThe role of circulating microparticles (MP) of different origin and tissue factor (TF)-bearing in overweight and obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome is still a matter of debate. In a case-control study, the presence of hypercoagulability was evaluated in overweight and obese patients by measuring MP, thrombin generation (TG) and FVIIa-AT complexes. Twenty overweight patients (body mass index [BMI] range 25–29.9 kg/m2), 20 with I degree (30–34.9 kg/m2), 20 with II degree (35–39.9 kg/m2) and 20 with III degree obesity (≥ 40 kg/m2) were enrolled and compared to 40 age and gender-matched normal weight individuals. A significant increase in median levels of all MP subtypes was observed in the three degrees of obese patients compared to controls. Overweight patients had higher levels of annexin V-MP (AMP), endothelial-derived, leukocyte-derived and TF-bearing MP than controls. Obese patients had a significantly shorter median lag time (p< 0.05), higher median peak thrombin (p< 0.01) and increased median endogenous thrombin potential [ETP] (p< 0.001) compared to controls. Overweight subjects had significantly increased ETP compared to controls (p< 0.05). Both AMP levels and ETP were found to positively correlate with BMI, waist circumference, and inflammatory parameters. No significant increase in FVIIa-AT complex was seen in cases compared to controls. We conclude that obesity is associated with overproduction of procoagulant MP and increase TG. Interestingly, hypercoagulability is found in overweight patients free of metabolic syndrome and increases with the severity of obesity. Assessment of MP and TG may be helpful in the early characterisation of the prothrombotic state in obese patients.

scholarly journals Erosive Esophagitis in the Obese: The Effect of Ethnicity and Gender on Its Association

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Abraham ◽  
Seth Lipka ◽  
Rabab Hajar ◽  
Bhuma Krishnamachari ◽  
Ravi Virdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Background.Data examining the association between obesity and erosive esophagitis (ErE) have been inconsistent, with very little known about interracial variation.Goals.To examine the association between obesity and ErE among patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds.Methods.The study sample included 2251 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The effects of body mass index (BMI) on ErE were assessed by gender and in different ethnic groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results.The prevalence of ErE was 29.4% (661/2251). Overweight and obese subjects were significantly more likely to have ErE than individuals with a normal BMI, with the highest risk seen in the morbidly obese (OR 6.26; 95% CI 3.82–10.28;p<0.0001). Normal weight Black patients were less likely to have ErE as compared to Caucasians (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.79;p=0.005), while the odds ratio comparing normal weight Hispanics to normal weight Whites was not statistically significant. No effect modification was seen between BMI and race/ethnicity or BMI and gender. Significant trends were seen in each gender and ethnicity.Conclusions.The effect of BMI on ErE does not appear to vary by race/ethnicity or gender.

scholarly journals Role of cardiotrophin‐1 in the regulation of metabolic circadian rhythms and adipose core clock genes in mice and characterization of 24‐h circulating CT‐1 profiles in normal‐weight and overweight/obese subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1639-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Lópeź‐Yoldi ◽  
Kimber L. Stanhope ◽  
Marta Garaulet ◽  
X. Guoxia Chen ◽  
Beatriz Marcos‐Gómeź ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein and leptin levels in non diabetic obese subjects

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Sowbhagya Lakshmi ◽  
DM Ravichand
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: The objective of the study is to find the relationship of obesity with dyslipidemia and Leptin levels. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of clinical Biochemistry, Bangalore Medical College. Cases and controls were chosen from the subjects attending the out patient department of Victoria hospital for their routine check up.The protocol of the study was to study and compare the linear relationship of obesity, dyslipidemia, CRP and Leptin levels is Non Diabetic obese persons to Non Diabetic persons with normal weight. The protocol was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and is approved by local ethical committee Serum samples were stored at -200C for estimation of Leptin and CRP levels. The samples were thawed on one stretch for the estimation. Leptin was analyzed by DRG Leptin sand witch ELISA method by using kit from DRG Company. Results: About 8.0% of patients had elevated Total cholesterol in normal subjects when compared to 84.0% in Obese subjects, indicates that patients with obesity are 60.37 times more likely to have elevated Total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) when compared to Normal. Patients with obesity (98.0%) are 46.23 times more likely to have elevated Triglycerides when compared to normal subjects (52.0%). Subjects in Obese groups, 76.0% had decreased HDL when compared to only 12.0% on Normal group, which 8.14 times more likely in obsess group. Subjects with obesity (80.0%) are 29.33 times more likely to have elevated LDL (>150 mg/dl) when compared to Normal subjects (12.0%). The elevated VLDL is 21.0 times more likely in obese subjects (84.0%) when compared to normal subjects (20.0%). Subjects in obese are 46.58 times more likely to have elevated LP (a) when compared to normal subjects. Conclusions: Present study has shown a strong link between obesity, dislipidemia and cardiovascular disease in accordance with other studies. The role of Leptin associated with cardiovascular disease is not well established, so prospective study should be carried out to elucidate the role of Leptin in cardio vascular disease and Diabetes to establish its role as, whether it is causative, additive risk factor or a protective factor. Leptin may play a role to prevent metabolic syndrome by its interaction with neuroendocrine systems to maintain metabolic homeostasis, similar to the role played by Insulin in homeostasis of blood sugar level.   doi: 10.3329/blj.v1i1.2625 Bangladesh Liver Journal Vol.1(1) 2009 p.41-50 

Hypomethylation of NANOG promoter in colonic mucosal cells of obese patients: a possible role of NF-κB

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sedaghat ◽  
Makan Cheraghpour ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Katayoun Pourvali ◽  
Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ht 29

AbstractObesity and particularly central obesity are the main risk factors of colon cancer. All intestinal cell populations including stem cells, their progenitors and differentiated colonocytes seem to be the origin of colorectal cancer. However, recent data support the role of differentiated cells as cancer origin especially during inflammation. Based on Yamanaka’s seminal work, re-expression of few transcription factors in terminally differentiated cells creates stemness properti'es. Although these transcription factors are involved in tumorigenesis, they are epigenetically repressed in adult tissues. We proposed that obesity might regulate methylation of stemness genes in colonocytes via inflammatory signalling. Obesity-associated inflammation was analysed using Western blot analysis of phospho-IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB). Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was performed on colonic mucosal samples of twenty obese and twenty normal-weight men to analyse promoter methylation of POU5F1 (OCT4), NANOG, MYC and CDKN2A. TNF-treated HT-29 cells were used to recapitulate the effect of NF-κB activation on stemness genes methylation. Our results showed that colonic phosphorylation of IκB, as a signal of NF-κB activation, was higher in obese subjects compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Moreover, promoter methylation of NANOG was likely to be lower in obese subjects and correlated with central obesity. HT-29 cells incubated by TNF-α showed hypomethylation of POU5F1 and MYC genes in addition to the NANOG. These results suggest that obesity-induced inflammation might be involved in the regulation of DNA methylation of oncogenic genes such as NANOG in differentiated colonocytes and thus predispose them to later oncogenic alterations.

Cytokine profiles in overweight and obese subjects and normal weight individuals matched for age and gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Azizian ◽  
Elahe Mahdipour ◽  
Seyed Reza Mirhafez ◽  
Sara Shoeibi ◽  
Mohsen Nematy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Cartoon Characters in Children’s Series: Gender Disparities in Body Weight and Food Consumption

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Milia Tzoutzou ◽  
Eirini Bathrellou ◽  
Antonia-Leda Matalas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cartoon Characters

(1) Background: Media play a significant role in forming audience perceptions about physical external appearance and food consumption patterns. It has been reported that children’s cartoons project slimness, and concomitantly consumption of poor nutritional quality food. However, data on the role of gender in this respect are lacking; thus, this was the aim of the present study. (2) Methods: 100 episodes of the 10 most popular cartoon series were analyzed. Characters’ body weight status was classified into underweight, normal weight and overweight, and foods consumed as core (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and non-core (e.g., sweets, snacks). Messages about characters’ attractiveness were recorded and classified according to their body weight status and gender. (3) Results: Out of 37 protagonists, 12 were female figures (32%), while out of the 10 thin protagonists, 7 were females (70%) and only 3 males (30%). Thin heroines were the recipients of the majority of the messages connotative to physical attractiveness (36 out of 58 messages). However, consumption of core and non-core foods did not differ within genders (core: z = −1.526, p = 0.127, non-core: z = −0.417, p = 0.667). (4) Conclusions: Females seem to be underrepresented in cartoon series but receive the majority of the comments related to physical appearance, with most of them addressing the attractiveness of a thin figure.

Empirical Analysis of Clinical Evaluations on Children Involved in the Child Protection System: The Role of Age and Gender

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Felix ◽  
Anjali T. Naik-Polan ◽  
Christine Sloss ◽  
Lashaunda Poindexter ◽  
Karen S. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
And Gender
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