scholarly journals Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1968
Author(s):  
Luigi Castaldo ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
Alfonso Narváez ◽  
Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Orbitrap Analysis ◽  
Waste Extract

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) waste contains a broad range of bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, which have poor bioaccessibility during gastrointestinal digestion. This work aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion using two nutraceutical formulations based on non-acid-resistant (NAR) and acid-resistant (AR) capsules containing aqueous-based extracts from fennel waste. Moreover, to obtain a comprehensive investigation of the polyphenolic constituents of the fennel waste extract, a high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap) analysis was performed. Notably, chlorogenic acids, such as 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, were the most detected compounds found in assayed samples (1.949 and 0.490 mg/g, respectively). After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the extract contained in AR capsules displayed higher bioaccessibility in both the duodenal and colonic stages (1.96 and 5.19 mg GAE/g, respectively) than NAR capsules (1.72 and 3.50 mg GAE/g, respectively), suggesting that the acidic gastric conditions negatively affected the polyphenol compounds released from the NAR capsules. Therefore, the aqueous extract of fennel waste could be proposed as an innovative and easily available source of dietary polyphenols. Furthermore, the use of an AR capsule could improve the polyphenol bioaccessibility and can be proposed as a nutraceutical formulation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Luigi Castaldo ◽  
Sonia Lombardi ◽  
Anna Gaspari ◽  
Mario Rubino ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a significant by-product generated by the coffee industry. It is considered a great source of bioactive molecules well-recognized for exerting biological properties. This study aimed to implement SCG in a baked foods, such as cookies (SCGc), to increase their bioactive potential. A comprehensive study of the polyphenolic fraction of the SCG and SCGc using a high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Moreover, the polyphenol bioaccessibility and change in antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GiD) were assessed. Data showed that SCGc provided 780 mg of melanoidins, 16.2 mg of chlorogenic acid (CGA), 6.5 mg of caffeine, and 0.08 mg of phenolic acids per 100 g of sample. Moreover, the 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most relevant CGA found in SCG (116.4 mg/100 g) and SCGc (8.2 mg/100 g) samples. The antioxidant activity evaluated through three spectrophotometric tests, and the total phenolic compounds of SCGc samples exhibited significantly higher values than the control samples. Furthermore, during simulated GiD, the highest bioaccessibility of SCGc polyphenols was observed after the colonic stage, suggesting their potential advantages for human health. Therefore, SCG with high content in bioactive molecules could represent an innovative ingredient intended to fortify baked food formulations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Coffee Silverskin Polyphenolic Extract and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Castaldo ◽  
Alfonso Narváez ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Alberto Ritieni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Coffee Silverskin ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

Coffee silverskin (CS), the main by-product in the coffee industry, contains a vast number of human health-related compounds, which may justify its exploitation as a functional food ingredient. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the polyphenolic and alkaloid profile through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. The bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds and changes in the antioxidant activity during an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were also evaluated through spectrophotometric tests (TPC by Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP), to elucidate their efficacy for future applications in the nutraceutical industry. Caffeoylquinic and feruloylquinic acids were the most representative polyphenols, with a mean concentration of 5.93 and 4.25 mg/g, respectively. Results showed a high content of caffeine in the analyzed CS extracts, with a mean value of 31.2 mg/g, meaning a two-fold increase when compared to coffee brews. Our findings highlighted that both the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of CS polyphenols significantly increased in each in vitro gastrointestinal digestion stage. In addition, the colon stage might constitute the main biological site of action of these antioxidant compounds. These results suggest that in vivo, the dietary polyphenols from CS might be metabolized by human colonic microflora, generating metabolites with a greater antioxidant activity, increasing their well-known beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Iván Gómez-López ◽  
Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo ◽  
María P. Portillo ◽  
M. Pilar Cano
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Quercetin Glycoside

The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. Dillenii fresh fruits (peel, pulp, and whole fruit) and of the products of the industrialization to obtain jam (raw pressed juice (product used for jam formulation), by-product (bagasse), and frozen whole fruit (starting material for jam production)). Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii fruits and products profile showed 60 betalain and phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF, being 25 phenolic acids (including isomers and derivatives), 12 flavonoids (including glycosides), 3 ellagic acids (including glycosides and derivative), and 20 betanins (including degradation compounds). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed by INFOGEST® protocol. Fruit pulp showed the greater content of total betalains (444.77 mg/100 g f.w.), and jam only showed very low amounts of two betanin degradation compounds, Cyclo-dopa-5-O-β-glucoside (and its isomer) (0.63 mg/100 f.w.), and two Phyllocactin derivatives (1.04 mg/100 g f.w.). Meanwhile, fruit peel was the richer tissue in total phenolic acids (273.42 mg/100 g f.w.), mainly in piscidic acid content and total flavonoids (7.39 mg/100 g f.w.), isorhamnetin glucoxyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside (IG2) being the most abundant of these compounds. The stability of betalains and phenolic compounds during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion is reported in the present study. In Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii pulp (the edible fraction of the fresh fruit), the betanin bioaccessibility was only 22.9%, and the flavonoid bioaccessibility ranged from 53.7% to 30.6%, depending on the compound. In non-edible samples, such as peel sample (PE), the betanin bioaccessibility was 42.5% and the greater bioaccessibility in flavonoids was observed for quercetin glycoside (QG1) 53.7%, the fruit peel being the most interesting material to obtain antioxidant extracts, attending to its composition on antioxidant compounds and their bioaccessibilities.

scholarly journals The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Rodríguez-Solana ◽  
Natacha Coelho ◽  
Antonio Santos-Rufo ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Efrén Pérez-Santín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
The Stability

Carob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE BY (6RS)-22-HYDROXY-23,24,25,26,27-PENTANOR-VITAMIN-D3-6,19-SULFUR DIOXIDE-ADDUCT, MANOALIDE AND 5β-CHOLESTANE-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-HEXOL ISOLATED FROM ACETONE EXTRACT OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha V. Sonkamble ◽  
Nilesh S. Wagh ◽  
Laxmikant H. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Kinetics Studies

Objective: This investigation includes characterization of phytochemicals from acetone extract of Helianthus annuus L. seeds responsible for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition revealed from in vitro and in silico approaches.Methods: Seed extract was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of bioactive molecules. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays and kinetics studies for α-glucosidase were done. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) autography of extract was done to screen potent inhibitors and characterized by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR LC-MS). Characterized molecules were further used for in silico studies.Results: Qualitative investigation reveals the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. Quantitative analysis for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract was 0.1±0.005 mg/ml GAE and 0.025±0.003 mg/ml QE respectively. Percent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase ascertained in presence of extract was 60.42±0.6 and 83.22±0.18 at 0.01 mg while 36.24±0.81 and 37.67±0.15 at 0.005 mg of extracts for both enzymes respectively. Kinetics studies of α-glucosidase inhibition illustrated the non-competitive type of inhibition. TLC autography inhibition patterns were characterized by HR LC-MS. Characterized molecules on docking revealed (6RS)-22-hydroxy-23,24,25,26,27-pentanor-vitamin-D3-6,19-sulfurdioxide-adduct, manoalide and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-hexol as the best docked molecules with lowest binding energies of-12.5,-11 and-10.2 kcal/mol for α-amylase and-14.2,-11 and-11.2 kcal/mol for α-glucosidase respectively.Conclusion: Results clearly suggested that (6RS)-22-hydroxy-23,24,25,26,27-pentanor-vitamin-D3-6,19-sulfurdioxide-adduct, manoalide and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-hexol could be considered as lead molecules for the discovery of potent antidiabetic agents. 

scholarly journals Carnauba wax p -methoxycinnamic diesters: Characterisation, antioxidant activity and simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by in vitro bioaccessibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claisa Andréa Silva Freitas ◽  
Ícaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Machado Sousa ◽  
Celli Rodrigues Muniz ◽  
Maria Leônia da Costa Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of a Marine-Derived Multimineral, Aquamin-Magnesium

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Felice ◽  
Denise O’Gorman ◽  
Nora O’Brien ◽  
Niall Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Introduction: Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a range of key biochemical pathways. Several magnesium supplements are present on the market and their degree of bioavailability differs depending on the form of magnesium salt used. Aquamin-Mg is a natural source of magnesium, containing 72 additional trace minerals derived from the clean waters off the Irish coast. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Aquamin-Mg in comparison with other supplement sources of magnesium has yet to be tested. Method: Aquamin-Mg, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion according to the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method and in vitro bioavailability tested using the Caco-2 cell model. Magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: Magnesium recovery from both Aquamin-Mg and MgCl2 was greater than for MgO. Magnesium from all three sources was transported across the epithelial monolayer with Aquamin-Mg displaying a comparable profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2. Conclusions: Our data support that magnesium derived from a marine-derived multimineral product is bioavailable to a significantly greater degree than MgO and displays a similar profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2 and may offer additional health benefits given its multimineral profile.

scholarly journals The Influence of in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Brassica oleracea Florets on the Antioxidant Activity and Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Content

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Scrob ◽  
Anamaria Hosu ◽  
Claudia Cimpoiu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Intestinal Digestion

Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica is known to contain a wide variety of antioxidants and due to the protection against various diseases its consumption has been increasing over the years. Thus, knowledge of the changes that occur during the digestion process is of great interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of broccoli on antioxidant activity and on the chlorophyll, carotenoid and phenolic content. First, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds was optimized and the kinetic model was evaluated. Then, the broccoli was subjected to a static simulated digestion. The antioxidant activity was monitored by ABTS [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] assay and the contents of target compounds were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography. The optimum conditions were: solvent—ethanol; time—20 min and temperature—30 °C, and a second order kinetic model was found to describe the mechanism of extraction. The antioxidant activity and carotenoid, chlorophyll and total phenolic content was significantly decreased after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. The gastric digestion considerably decreased carotenoid and chlorophyll content, meanwhile the intestinal digestion significantly decreased the total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant activity was equally affected by both gastric and intestinal digestion.

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