scholarly journals Ezetimibe-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Based Formulation Ameliorates Hyperlipidaemia in an Experimental Model of High Fat Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Yogeeta O. Agrawal ◽  
Umesh B. Mahajan ◽  
Vinit V. Agnihotri ◽  
Mayur S. Nilange ◽  
Hitendra S. Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement

Ezetimibe (EZE) possesses low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability and in addition, its extensive hepatic metabolism supports the notion of developing a novel carrier system for EZE. Ezetimibe was encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (EZE-NLCs) via a high pressure homogenization technique (HPH). A three factor, two level (23) full factorial design was employed to study the effect of amount of poloxamer 188 (X1), pressure of HPH (X2) and number of HPH cycle (X3) on dependent variables. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency (%EE), zeta potential, drug content and in-vitro drug release were evaluated. The optimized formulation displays pragmatic inferences associated with particle size of 134.5 nm; polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.244 ± 0.03; zeta potential of −28.1 ± 0.3 mV; % EE of 91.32 ± 1.8% and % CDR at 24-h of 97.11%. No interaction was observed after X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. EZE-NLCs (6 mg/kg/day p.o.) were evaluated in the high fat diet fed rats induced hyperlipidemia in comparison with EZE (10 mg/kg/day p.o.). Triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c and cholesterol were significantly normalized and histopathological evaluation showed normal structure and architecture of the hepatocytes. The results demonstrated the superiority of EZE-NLCs in regard to bioavailability enhancement, dose reduction and dose-dependent side effects.

scholarly journals Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Casein Nanoparticles as Carrier for Celecoxib

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-417
Author(s):  
Jyotsana R. Madan ◽  
Izharahemad N. Ansari ◽  
Kamal Dua ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

Purpose : The objective of this work was to formulate casein (CAS) nanocarriers for the dissolution enhancement of poorly water soluble drug celecoxib (CLXB). Methods: The CLXB loaded CAS nanocarriers viz., nanoparticles, reassembled CAS micelles and nanocapsules were prepared using sodium caseinate (SOD-CAS) as a carrier to enhance the solubility of CLXB. The prepared formulations were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, percentage entrapment efficiency, and surface morphology for the selection of best formulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction study was used to for the confirmation of encapsulation of CLXB. Further, in vitro drug dissolution, ex-vivo permeation studies on chicken ileum and stability studies were carried out. Results: The CLXB loaded casein nanoparticles (CNP) (batch A2) showed a particle size diameter 216.1 nm, polydispersity index 0.422 with percentage entrapment efficiency of 90.71% and zeta potential of -24.6 mV. Scanning electron microscopy of suspension confirmed globular shape of CNP. The in vitro release data of optimized batch followed non Fickian diffusion mechanism. The ex vivo permeation studies on chicken ileum of CLXB loaded CNP showed permeation through mucous membrane as compared to pure CLXB. The apparent permeability of best selected freeze dried CLXB loaded CNP (batch A2) was higher and gradually increased from 0.90 mg/cm2 after 10 min to a maximum of 1.95 mg/cm2 over the subsequent 90 min. A higher permeation was recorded at each time point than that of the pure CLXB. Conclusion: The study explored the potential of CAS as a carrier for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs.

scholarly journals FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC NANOSUSPENSION OF FLURBIPROFEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
PANKAJ JADHAV ◽  
ADHIKRAO YADAV
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron

Objective: At present, more than 40% of drugs are poorly water-soluble that leads to reduced bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to overcome the issue of poor aqueous solubility of drug; therefore, stable flurbiprofen (FBF) nanosuspensions were developed by nanoprecipitation method. Materials and Methods: Based on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency, the polymeric system of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15 and poloxamer 188 was used effectively. The prepared formulations were evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, saturation solubility, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, dissolution profile, and stability. Results: The resultant FBF nanosuspensions depicted particles in size range of 200–400 nm and were physically stable. After nanonization, the crystallinity of FBF was slightly reduced in the presence of excipients. The aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of all FBF nanosuspensions were significantly increased as compared with FBF powder. Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that nanoprecipitation is a promising method to develop stable polymeric nanosuspension of FBF with significant increase in its aqueous solubility.

scholarly journals Quality by Design Optimization of Cold Sonochemical Synthesis of Zidovudine-Lamivudine Nanosuspensions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bwalya A. Witika ◽  
Vincent J. Smith ◽  
Roderick B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used to manage HIV/AIDS infection. The compounds require frequent dosing, exhibit unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and haema-toxicity. A novel pseudo one-solvent bottom-up approach and Design of Experiments using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS 1000) to electrosterically stablize the nano co-crystals was used to develop, produce and optimize 3TC and AZT nano co-crystals. Equimolar solutions of 3TC in surfactant dissolved in de-ionised water and AZT in methanol were rapidly injected into a vessel and sonicated at 4 °C. The resultant suspensions were characterized using a Zetasizer and the particle size, polydispersity index and Zeta potential determined. Optimization of the nanosuspensions was conducted using a Central Composite Design to produce nano co-crystals with specific identified and desirable Critical Quality Attributes including particle size (PS) < 1000 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.500 and Zeta potential (ZP) < −30mV. Further characterization was undertaken using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that the optimized nano co-crystals reduced the toxicity of AZT and 3TC to HeLa cells.

scholarly journals Andrographolide-loaded ethosomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation and in vitro penetration study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooryza Martihandini ◽  
Silvia Surini ◽  
Anton Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrograph ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Stability

Background: Andrographolide is a phytoconstituent with anti-inflammatory activity, however, the compound’s poor oral bioavailability has hindered its effective formulation for oral administration. This study, therefore, aims to develop an ethosome for improving andrographolide penetration through the transdermal delivery system. Methods: This study developed 3 ethosome formulas with different andrographolide-phospholipid weight ratios (1:8, 1:9; 1:10), using the thin-layer dispersion-sonication method. Subsequently, the ethosomes were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, as well as entrapment efficiency, and incorporated into a gel dosage form. Subsequently, an in vitro penetration study was performed using Franz diffusion cells for 24 hours and the stability of the gels at 5 ± 2°C, 30 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2°C, were studied for 3 months. Results: The results showed the optimal formula was E2, a 1:9 weight ratio formula of andrographolide and phospholipid. Based on the transmission electron micrograph, E2 possessed unilamellar, as well as spherical-shaped vesicles, and exhibited superior characteristics for transdermal delivery, with a particle size of 89.95 ± 0.75 nm, polydispersity index of 0.254 ± 0.020, a zeta potential of -39.3 ± 0.82 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 97.89 ± 0.02%. Furthermore, the cumulative andrographolide penetration and transdermal flux for the ethosomal gel of E2 (EG2) were 129.25 ± 4.66 µg/cm2 and 5.16 ± 0.10 µg/cm2/hours, respectively. All the ethosomal gel formulations exhibited improved penetration enhancement of andrographolide, compared to the nonethosomal formulations. Also, the andrographolide levels in the ethosomal and nonethosomal gels after 3 months ranged from 98.13 to 104.19%, 97.93 to 104.01%, and 97.23 to 102.26% at storage temperatures of 5 ± 2°C, 30 ± 2°C/RH 65% ± 5%, and 40 ± 2°C/RH 75% ± 5%, respectively. Conclusions: This study concluded that encapsulation into ethosome enhances andrographolide delivery through the skin.

Novel Simultaneous Identification of Capsaicin and It’s Quantification in Transferosome Formulation By HP-TLC Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Nandanwadkar Shrikrishna Madhukar Hema ◽  
Mastiholimath Vinayak Shivamurthy ◽  
Pulija Karunakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Drug Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction: Capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a potential analgesic derived from Capsicum annuum (Chili peppers), widely used from ancient times for its pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and analgesic and provides relief from migraine and diabetes. But for obvious reasons, capsaicin cannot be administered directly. The present work was designed with a focus to comply with mandatory requirement in various pharmacopeias to know the actual content of API present in final formulations. The formulation (TS3) consisting of 3% lipid, with 4:6 ratio of the polymer and solvent, was found to be the optimized formulation, which gave the best evaluation with regard to the particle size (97.03±2.68) nm, polydispersity index (0.20±0.00), higher zeta potential (61.28±2.06) mv, morphological studies and highest drug entrapment efficiency (68.34±4.24)%. The prepared transferosome formulation was subjected to characterization by validated HP-TLC method consisting of N-Hexane: Tert- Iso-butyl-methyl ether in ratio (5:15) v/v. Linearity was performed in the range of 50-1500 ng/spot with LOD/LOQ 50 ng and 150 ng, with regression analysis (R) of 99.91%. Recovery analysis was performed at 3 different levels at 80, 100 and 120 with an average recovery of 106.97%, respectively. Till now, no analytical method has been reported, associated with the characterization of pharmaceutical nano-forms (Capsaicin), like transferosomes. Thus, the maiden validated HP-TLC method for concurrent analysis of capsaicin as API in nano-transferosome may be employed in process quality control of formulations containing the said API. Background: The irritability and adverse effects post application, leading to inflammation and neural pain at the site of administration of newly Capsaicin API and its chemical entities and marketed formulations are usually related to poor permeability, leading to drug complex reactions in the development phases or therapeutic failure along with the quantification of the same in blood plasma. However, advancement in drug formulations with the use of polymer: alcohol ratio and modernized analytical techniques for the quantification of Pharmaceutical APIs seems to be emerging and promising for overcoming pain and related inflammatory complications by formulating the APIs in Transferosome formulation with Validated HP-TLC technique being used as an effective economic and precise tool for quantitative analysis of APIs in their respective nano-forms. Objective: The study proposes a novel standardized method development and validation of pharmaceutical nanoforms with Capsaicin as API. Method: Capsaicin Transferosomes were formulated using Ultra probe sonication by utilizing different proportions of phospholipid 90G dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and propylene glycol. The formulation was subjected to Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique for nano-particle analysis followed by characterization with respect to particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The morphological study of vesicles was determined using SEM and TEM. A Validated HP-TLC method for the identification and determination of Capsaicin in transferosomes formulation was performed as per the ICH guidelines. Results: The formulation gave the best evaluation for particle size (97.03±2.68) nm, polydispersity index (0.20±0.00), higher zeta potential (61.28±2.06) mv, morphological studies (SEM & TEM) and highest drug entrapment efficiency (68.34±4.24)%. DSC thermograms and FTIR spectral patterns confirmed no physical interaction by polymers with API. The prepared formulation was then characterized using HP-TLC method. The best resolution was found in NHexane: Tert-Isobutyl methyl ether in a ratio of 5:15 v/v. The Rf was found to be 0.3±0.03. Linearity was performed in a range of 50-1500 ng/spot, with regression analysis (R) of 99.91% Further, recovery analysis was done at 3 different levels as 80, 100 and 120 with an average recovery of 106.97%. The LOD/LOQ was found to be 50 and 150 ng, respectively. Precision was carried out in which % RSD was found to be precise and accurate. Conclusion: The outcomes of the present study suggested that the proposed novel formulation analyzed by Validated planar chromatographic technique (HP-TLC) for Capsaicin quantification in nanoforms may be employed as a routine quality control method for the said API in various other formulations.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLES GEL BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING CHITOSAN AND SODIUM ALGINATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RISA AHDYANI ◽  
LARAS NOVITASARI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: The objectives of this study were to formulate and characterize nanoparticles gel of timolol maleate (TM) by ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). Methods: Optimization was carried out by factorial design using Design Expert®10.0.1 software to obtain the concentration of CS, SA, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to produce the optimum formula of TM nanoparticles. The optimum formula was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and molecular structure. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15 was incorporated into optimum formula to form nanoparticles gel of TM and carried out in vivo release study using the Franz Diffusion Cell. Results: TM nanoparticles was successfully prepared with concentration of CS, SA, and CaCl2 of 0.01 % (w/v), 0.1 % (w/v), and 0.25 % (w/v), respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and Zeta potential were found to be 200.47±4.20 nm, 0.27±0.0154, 35.23±4.55 %, and-5.68±1.80 mV, respectively. The result of FTIR spectra indicated TM-loaded in the nanoparticles system. In vitro release profile of TM-loaded nanoparticles gel showed controlled release and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be the best fit for drug release kinetics. Conclusion: TM-loaded CS/SA nanoparticles gel was successfully prepared and could be considered as a promising candidate for controlled TM delivery of infantile hemangioma treatment.

Mannosylated Solid Lipid Nanocarriers Of Chrysin To Target Gastric Cancer: Optimization and Cell line Study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia S. Pandey ◽  
Farhinbanu I. Shaikh ◽  
Arti R. Gupta ◽  
Rutvi J. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers

Background: Despite significant biological effects, the clinical use of chrysin has been restricted because of its poor oral bioavailability. Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the targeting potential of Mannose decorated chrysin (5,7- dihydroxyflavone) loaded solid lipid nanocarrier (MC-SLNs) for gastric cancer. Methods: The Chrysin loaded SLNs (C-SLNs) were developed optimized, characterized and further mannosylated. The C-SLNs were developed with high shear homogenizer, optimized with 32 full factorial designs and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and evaluated for particle size/polydispersity index, zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency, % release and haemolytic toxicity. The ex-vivo cytotoxicity study was performed on gastric cancer (ACG) and normal cell lines. Results: DSC and XRD data predict the chrysin encapsulation in lipid core and FTIR results confirm the mannosylation of C-SLNs. The optimized C-SLNs exhibited a narrow size distribution with a particle size of 285.65 nm. The % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) and % controlled release were found to be 74.43% and 64.83%. Once C-SLNs were coated with mannose, profound change was observed in dependent variable - increase in the particle size of MC-SLNs (307.1 nm) was observed with 62.87% release and 70.8% entrapment efficiency. Further, the in vitro studies depicted MC- SLNs to be least hemolytic than pure chrysin and C-SLNs. MC-SLNs were most cytotoxic and were preferably taken up ACG tumor cells as evaluated against C-SLNs. Conclusion: These data suggested that the MC-SLNs demonstrated better biocompatibility and targeting efficiency to treat the gastric cancer.

scholarly journals pH-Responsive Liposomes of Dioleoyl Phosphatidylethanolamine and Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate for the Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy of Cisplatin

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Hassan Shah ◽  
Asadullah Madni ◽  
Muhammad Muzamil Khan ◽  
Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad ◽  
Nasrullah Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate ◽  
Vitro Release

The current study aimed to develop pH-responsive cisplatin-loaded liposomes (CDDP@PLs) via the thin film hydration method. Formulations with varied ratios of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) to cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) were investigated to obtain the optimal particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profile, and stability. The particle size of the CDDP@PLs was in the range of 153.2 ± 3.08–206.4 ± 2.26 nm, zeta potential was −17.8 ± 1.26 to −24.6 ± 1.72, and PDI displayed an acceptable size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a spherical shape with ~200 nm size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis showed the physicochemical stability of CDDP@PLs, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the loss of the crystalline nature of cisplatin in liposomes. In vitro release study of CDDP@PLs at pH 7.4 depicted the lower release rate of cisplatin (less than 40%), and at a pH of 6.5, an almost 65% release rate was achieved compared to the release rate at pH 5.5 (more than 80%) showing the tumor-specific drug release. The cytotoxicity study showed the improved cytotoxicity of CDDP@PLs compared to cisplatin solution in MDA-MB-231 and SK-OV-3 cell lines, and fluorescence microscopy also showed enhanced cellular internalization. The acute toxicity study showed the safety and biocompatibility of the developed carrier system for the potential delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. These studies suggest that CDDP@PLs could be utilized as an efficient delivery system for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy by releasing cisplatin at the tumor site.

scholarly journals Development, Optimisation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Lipospheres

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1853-1863
Author(s):  
Shubhra Rai ◽  
Gopal Rai ◽  
Ashish Budhrani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lipospheres represent a novel type of fat-based encapsulation system produced for the topical drug delivery of bioactive compounds. The goal of this research work was to develop lipospheres, including ketoprofen applied for topical skin drug delivery. Ketoprofen lipospheres were formulated by melt emulsification method using stearic acid and Phospholipon® 90G. The lipospheres were analysed in terms of particle size and morphology, entrapment efficiency, Differential scanning calorimetry, In-vitro drug release, In-vivo (Anti-inflammatory activity). Outcomes of research revealed that particle size was found to be 9.66 µm and entrapment efficiency 86.21 ± 5.79 %. In-vivo, the study of ketoprofen loaded lipospheres formulation shows a higher plain formulation concentration in plasma (5.61 mg/mL). For dermis, ketoprofen retention was 27.02 ± 5.4 mg/mL for the lipospheres formulation, in contrast to that of the plain formulation group (10.05 ± 2.8 mg/mL). The anti-inflammatory effect of liposphere drug delivery systems was assessed by the xylene induced ear oedema technique and compared with marketed products. Finally, it seems that the liposphere drug delivery system possesses superior anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the marketed product gel consistencies. Liposphere may be capable of entrapping the medicament at very high levels and controlling its release over an extended period. Liposphere furnishes a proper size for topical delivery as well as is based on non-irritating and non-toxic lipids; it’s a better option for application on damaged or inflamed skin.

scholarly journals Ex-vivo Ex-Vivo Absorption Study of a Novel Dabigatran Etexilate Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Non-Everted Intestinal Sac Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Haithem N Abed ◽  
Ahmed A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dabigatran Etexilate ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Permeation

Abstract The purpose of our study was to develop Dabigatran Etexilate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DE-NLCs) using Glyceryl monostearate and Oleic acid as lipid matrix, and to estimate the potential of the developed delivery system to improve oral absorption of low bioavailability drug, different Oleic acid ratios effect on particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were studied, the optimized DE-NLCs shows a particle size within the nanorange, the zeta potential (ZP) was 33.81±0.73mV with drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) of  92.42±2.31% and a loading capacity (DL%) of 7.69±0.17%. about 92% of drug was released in 24hr in a controlled manner, the ex-vivo intestinal permeation study using the non-everted sac model shows four folds increment in the permeation of DE-NLCs compared to dabigatran etexilate suspension (DE-S).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document