scholarly journals Enzymatic Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Cocoa Pod Husks (Theobroma cacao L.) Using Celluclast® 1.5 L

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Licelander Hennessey-Ramos ◽  
Walter Murillo-Arango ◽  
Juliana Vasco-Correa ◽  
Isabel Cristina Paz Astudillo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Enzymatic Extraction ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Enzyme Dosage ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

Cocoa pod husks are a waste generated during the processing of cocoa beans. We aimed to explore the enzymatic extraction of pectin using cellulases. The extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters optimized were feedstock concentration (%), enzyme dosage (µL/g), and time (h). Three dependent variables were studied: pectin yield (g/100 g dry husk) (R2 = 97.02), galacturonic acid content (g/100 g pectin) (R2 = 96.90), and galacturonic acid yield (g/100 g feedstock) (R2 = 95.35). The optimal parameters were 6.0% feedstock concentration, 40 µL g−1 of enzyme, and 18.54 h, conditions that produced experimentally a pectin yield of 10.20 g/100 g feedstock, 52.06 g galacturonic acid/100 g pectin, and a yield 5.31 g galacturonic acid/100 g feedstock. Using the chemical extraction method, a yield of 8.08 g pectin/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 60.97 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Using assisted sonication, a pectin yield of 8.28 g/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 42.77 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Enzymatically optimized pectin has rheological and physicochemical features typical of this biomaterial, which provides an interesting alternative for the valorization of cocoa husks.

scholarly journals Volarization of valuable compound from watermelon by-product using ultrasound-assisted extraction

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1995-2002
Author(s):  
W.Y.C. Lim ◽  
N.L. Yusof ◽  
Ismail-Fitry M.R. ◽  
N. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Confectionery Products

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient, reliable, and sustainable technology for the recovery of value-added compounds from by-product, in this case, is watermelon rinds. The properties of the watermelon rinds obtained from innovative ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE) were evaluated. In regard to this, the pectin content, degree of esterification, and galacturonic acid content of the watermelon rind extracts were determined in order to verify the efficiency of the UAE. Initially, the UAE were conducted using two types of acid: citric and hydrochloric. The highest pectin content was obtained using citric acid. Additional UAE was then performed with citric acid at 50, 60, or 70°C for 10, 20, or 30 mins. Both UAE temperature and time significantly influenced the pectin extracts and galacturonic acid. The best findings for a high galacturonic acid content (47.41%) when the watermelon rinds were extracts at 70°C for 20 mins. According to the findings, the extraction process lasted 10 or 20 mins at all temperatures was mainly high-methoxyl pectin, which can form gels under acidic conditions. This suggests that pectins derived from watermelon rinds using UAE may be especially useful as an additive in some confectionery products.

scholarly journals Kinetic, Thermodynamic, Physicochemical, and Economical Characterization of Pectin from Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden Residues

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2093
Author(s):  
Sergio Valdivia-Rivera ◽  
Iván Emanuel Herrera-Pool ◽  
Teresa Ayora-Talavera ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Lizardi-Jiménez ◽  
Ulises García-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Mango Peel

The effect of temperature (60, 70, 80, and 90 °C) and time (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min) on citric acid extraction of Haden mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden) peel pectin was evaluated in the present study. In order to obtain a better understanding of both the extraction process and the characteristics of the pectin (obtained from an agro-industrial waste) for a future scaling process, the following characterizations were performed: (1) Kinetic, with the maximum extraction times and yields at all evaluated temperatures; (2) thermodynamic, obtaining activation energies, enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies for each stage of the process; (3) physicochemical (chemical analysis, monosaccharide composition, degree of esterification, galacturonic acid content, free acidity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses); and (4) economical, of the pectin with the highest yield. The Haden mango peel pectin was found to be characterized by a high-esterified degree (81.81 ± 0.00%), regular galacturonic acid content (71.57 ± 1.26%), low protein (0.83 ± 0.05%) and high ash (3.53 ± 0.02%) content, low mean viscometric molecular weight (55.91 kDa), and high equivalent weight (3657.55 ± 8.41), which makes it potentially useful for food applications.

scholarly journals Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
A Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
High Degree

Chitosan has been produced from shrimp waste by chemical method involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The quality of chitosan depends on the conditions of the chemical extraction process. The results showed that 3% HCI and 4% NaOH were suitable concentration for demineralization and deproteinization, respectively at ambient temperature (28±2oC). Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (81.24%) and high solubility (97.65%) was obtained by deacetylation with 60% NaOH for 24 hours at 60°C. Purified chitosan was characterized for intrinsic viscosity (13.2dl/g), molecular weight (1.05×106 Dalton), FBC (427.98%), WBC (537.29%) as well as yield (15.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21405 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 153-160, June 2014

scholarly journals Pectin from Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden residues: Kinetic, thermodynamic, physicochemical, and economical characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Valdivia-Rivera ◽  
Emanuel Herrrera-Pool ◽  
Teresa Del Rosario Ayora-Talavera ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Lizardi-Jiménez ◽  
Ulises García-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acid Extraction

Abstract The effect of temperature (60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC) and time (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min) on citric acid extraction of Haden mango ( Mangifera indica L . cv. Haden) peel pectin was evaluated in the present study. In order to obtain a better understanding of both the extraction process and the characteristics of the pectin (obtained from an agro-industrial waste) for a future scaling process, the following characterizations were performed: 1) Kinetic, with the maximum extraction times and yields at all evaluated temperatures; 2) thermodynamic, obtaining activation energies, enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs free energies for each stage of the process; 3) physicochemical (chemical analysis, monosaccharide composition, degree of esterification, galacturonic acid content, free acidity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses) and; 4) economical, of the pectin with the highest yield. The mango Haden peel pectin was found to be characterized by a high-esterified degree (81.81 ± 0.00 %), regular galacturonic acid content (71.57 ± 1.26 %), low protein (0.83 ± 0.05 %) and high ash (3.53 ± 0.02 %) content, low mean viscometric molecular weight (55.91 kDa) and high equivalent weight (3657.55 ± 8.41), which makes it potentially useful for food, pharmaceutical and environmental applications such as delivery system, gelling agent or as an emulsifier.Statement of NoveltyThe novelty of this work lies in the valorization of an agro-industrial waste (Haden mango peel) through the kinetic, thermodynamic, physicochemical, and economic characterization of a product obtained (pectin). This work contributes to laying the groundwork for an industrial scale-up for pectin production in a mango processing industry.

scholarly journals Very Fast and Accurate Procedure for the Characterization of Photovoltaic Panels from Datasheet Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Laudani ◽  
Francesco Riganti Fulginei ◽  
Alessandro Salvini ◽  
Gabriele Maria Lozito ◽  
Salvatore Coco
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Minimization Technique ◽  
Accurate Procedure

In recent years several numerical methods have been proposed to identify the five-parameter model of photovoltaic panels from manufacturer datasheets also by introducing simplification or approximation techniques. In this paper we present a fast and accurate procedure for obtaining the parameters of the five-parameter model by starting from its reduced form. The procedure allows characterizing, in few seconds, thousands of photovoltaic panels present on the standard databases. It introduces and takes advantage of further important mathematical considerations without any model simplifications or data approximations. In particular the five parameters are divided in two groups, independent and dependent parameters, in order to reduce the dimensions of the search space. The partitioning of the parameters provides a strong advantage in terms of convergence, computational costs, and execution time of the present approach. Validations on thousands of photovoltaic panels are presented that show how it is possible to make easy and efficient the extraction process of the five parameters, without taking care of choosing a specific solver algorithm but simply by using any deterministic optimization/minimization technique.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

scholarly journals Structural differences and the presence of unsubstituted amino groups in heparan sulphates from different tissues and species

1997 ◽  
Vol 322 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko TOIDA ◽  
Hisao YOSHIDA ◽  
Hidenao TOYODA ◽  
Ichiro KOSHIISHI ◽  
Toshio IMANARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Kidney Medulla ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Iduronic Acid ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Different Tissues

This study presents a comparison of heparan sulphate chains isolated from various porcine and bovine tissues. 1H-NMR spectroscopy (500 MHz) was applied for structural and compositional studies on intact heparan sulphate chains. After enzymic digestion of heparan sulphate using heparin lyase I (EC 4.2.2.7) II and III (EC 4.2.2.8), the compositions of unsaturated disaccharides obtained were determined by analytical capillary electrophoresis. Correlations between the N-sulphated glucosamine residues and O-sulphation and between iduronic acid content and total sulphation were discovered using the data obtained by NMR and disaccharide analysis. Heparan sulphate chains could be classified into two groups based on the sulphation degree and the iduronic acid content. Heparan sulphate chains with a high degree of sulphation possessed also a significant number of iduronic acid residues and were isolated exclusively from porcine brain, liver and kidney medulla. The presence and amount of N-unsubstituted glucosamine residues (GlcNp) was established in all of the heparan sulphates examined. The structural context in which this residue occurs was demonstrated to be: high sulphation domain → 4)-β-d-GlcAp-(1 → 4)-α-d-GlcNp-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcAp-(1 → low sulphation domain (where GlcNp is 2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose, and GlcAp is glucopyranosyluronic acid), based on the isolation and characterization of a novel, heparin lyase III-derived, GlcNp containing tetrasaccharide and hexasaccharide. The results presented suggest that structural differences may play a role in important biological events controlled by heparan sulphate in different tissues.

TENSILE STRENGTH OF SINGLE CONTINUOUS FIBER EXTRACTED FROM MENGKUANG LEAVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahmi Hamizol ◽  
Puteri Sri Melor Megat-Yusoff*
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The focus of this paper is to obtain a continuous cellulose fiber (CCF) from mengkuang leaves of the pandanus genus using chemical extraction process and to measure its tensile properties. The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the longer soaking times employed during the alkaline treatment of the mengkuang leaves, the higher the cellulose content extracted. The highest tensile strength of 520 MPa was measured for single CCF treated with optimum extraction parameters of 2% NaOH for 60 minutes. Amount of cellulose content of the extracted fiber showed an inverse relationship with the fiber’s tensile strength. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose content during extraction process may have caused the reduction in the fiber’s tensile strength.

Influence of free fatty acid content on the oxidative stability of red palm oil

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (103) ◽  
pp. 101098-101104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella De Leonardis ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Vincenzo Macciola ◽  
Francesco Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Red Palm Oil

A multi-technique approach used for the characterization of the oxidative stability of red palm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document