scholarly journals Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Phytotoxic Activity of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn Pulp Extract and Identification of a Phytotoxic Substance

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Ziyang Dai ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xiaojiang Ma ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Interest in finding plant-based herbicides to supplement synthesized herbicides is increasing. Although the extract of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been reported to have herbicidal activity, little is known about phytotoxic substances and their efficacy of weed control in the field. To identify phytotoxic substances, the bioassay-guided fractionation by column chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was carried out. The phytotoxic activity assay, performed by the agar medium method, showed that the 70% ethanol fraction exhibited strong root growth inhibition against Trifolium pratense with an 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 35.13 mg/L. An active compound was isolated from the 70% ethanol fraction and identified as hederagenin 3-o-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside (Compound A). Compound A had an IC50 value of 16.64 mg/L. Finally, a new formulation was prepared based on the 70% ethanol fraction, which exhibited good efficacy against broadleaf weeds in a carrot field. The fresh weight control efficacy was 78.7% by 45 days after treatment at the dose of 1500 g a. i./ha. Hence, the extract of S. mukorossi pulp could be a promising supplement to the synthesized herbicides. Furthermore, compound A from S. mukorossi may be responsible for its phytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic activity of benzenesulfonamide derivatives. Part IV. Herbicidal activity of N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3265-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi YONEYAMA ◽  
Nobumasa ICHIZEN ◽  
Makoto KONNAI ◽  
Tetsuo TAKEMATSU ◽  
Kazuyuki USHINOHAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Mercedes Verdeguer ◽  
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras ◽  
Fabrizio Araniti
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Mode

Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant–plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules with herbicidal activity. Essential oils (EOs) and their components, mainly terpenoids, as pure natural compounds or in mixtures, because of their structural diversity and strong phytotoxic activity, could be good candidates for the development of new bioherbicides or could serve as a basis for the development of new natural-like low impact synthetic herbicides. EOs and terpenoids have been largely studied for their phytotoxicity and several evidences on their modes of action have been highlighted in the last decades through the use of integrated approaches. The review is focused on the knowledge concerning the phytotoxicity of these molecules, their putative target, as well as their potential mode of action.

scholarly journals Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1381
Author(s):  
Aya MAALOUL ◽  
Mercedes VERDEGUER SANCHO ◽  
Martina ODDO ◽  
Ezzeddine SAADAOUI ◽  
Monia JEBRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Old Trees

Water shortage throughout the world, especially in arid regions in the later decades has led to search for alternatives to save potable fresh water. Treated wastewater (TWW) appears to be an opportunity for irrigation. However, it could represent a stress factor for plants, and influence their metabolism, changing their secondary metabolites and, consequently, their biological properties. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EO) had been reported to possess phytotoxic activity. The main objective of this work was to compare the chemical composition and herbicidal activity of E. camaldulensis EO obtained from leaves of young plants and old trees irrigated with well water (WW) and TWW. Germination tests were performed in vitro against Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium perenne. The EOs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole as main compound, was found in the EOs from leaves of young plants irrigated with both types of water. The EO from leaves of old trees irrigated with WW contained a main fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.17%) with p-cymene as principal compound. The highest herbicidal potential was shown by the EO from young plants irrigated with TWW. It completely inhibited A. hybridus and L. perenne germination, and nearly blocked the others at all concentrations assayed. It also showed strong phytotoxic activity on seedling length. The results suggest the possible use of TWW to irrigate Eucalyptus crops as it enhances the EOs herbicidal potential that could be used as natural herbicides.   In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

Development and field evaluation of a high-speed no–till seeding system

2019 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 104337 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Barr ◽  
Jacky M.A. Desbiolles ◽  
John M. Fielke ◽  
Mustafa Ucgul
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
No Till

Paper 5: Check Weighing: A Review of the Weight Control Problem and its Solution

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Automatic Machinery ◽  
Filling Machines ◽  
Further Development

Producers of consumer products are increasingly turning their attention to the use of automatic machinery for filling, wrapping, and packing operations under the stimulus of improving productivity and of planning for reduced availability of labour. To an extent progress is hampered by demands made by the recent Weights and Measures legislation which has extended the area in which certain legal requirements regarding packed weight must be observed. One immediate effect has been to make packers more aware of limitations in present filling and checkweighing equipment and of the need, in some cases, for further development of more accurate high speed equipment if legislation is to be met economically. Such equipment takes time to develop, particularly when it must be of approved design. The development of automatic checkweighing machines has had a chequered career but a number of approved models are now available. Such machines can be used successfully in weight-control schemes designed to protect the packer from producing underweights and, where possible, to prevent excessive over-pack. However, the installation of a checkweighing machine does not automatically guarantee success. The paper reviews some of the problems involved and discusses in some detail factors—such as weight distribution from filling machines—which have to be considered in determining where and how automatic checkweighers can be usefully applied. A brief review of some of the more recent developments is included.

scholarly journals Fractionation of phenolic compounds from Sonneratia apetala pneumatophores and their bioactivities

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Sao Mai ◽  
Dao Van Tan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
National Park ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Sonneratia apetala pneumatophore samples were collected from Xuan Thuy National Park, and then 80% methanol extract was fractionated through Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. After elution with 95% ethanol and 50% acetone, two phenolic fractions were obtained from the crude extract of of S. apetala pneumatophore. The acetone fraction consisted of tannins having high antioxidant activity, 1.14 times higher than that of ascorbic acid. This fraction also have higher activity of α-amylase inhibition (IC50 0.83 mg/mL) and R. sativus root growth inhibition (IC50 6.4 mg/mL) than did the ethanol fraction. In contrast, ethanol fraction consisted of low-molecular phenolic compounds having inhibitory effects on Samonella tiphimurium growth. Such antibacterial activity was not observed in the acetone extract. Citation: Nguyen Sao Mai, Dao Van Tan, 2017. Fractionation of phenolic compounds from Sonneratia apetala pneumatophores and their bioactivities. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(4): 451-456. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n4.10708.*Corresponding author: [email protected] 19 September 2017, accepted 12 December 2017

scholarly journals Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity of Three Phytotoxins Produced by the Fungus, Stagonospora cirsii

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Dubovik ◽  
Anna Dalinova ◽  
Alexander Berestetskiy
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Leaf Cuticle ◽  
Intact Leaf ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Selection Of

The use of many fungal phytotoxins as natural herbicides is still limited because they cannot penetrate leaf cuticle without injury and a little is known on their selectivity. In order to assess the herbicidal potential of phytotoxic 10-membered lactones (stagonolide A, stagonolide K, and herbarumin I), the selection of adjuvants, the evaluation of selectivity of the toxins and the efficacy of their formulations were performed. Among four adjuvants tested, Hasten™ (0.1%, v/v) increased phytotoxic activity of all the toxins assayed on non-punctured leaf discs of Sonchus arvensis. When assayed on intact leaf fragments of 18 plants species, 10 species were low to moderately sensitive to stagonolide A, while just five and three species were sensitive to stagonolide K and herbarumin I, respectively. Both leaf damage or addition of Hasten™ (0.1%) to the formulations of the compounds considerably increased or altered the sensitivity of plants to the toxins. Stagonolide A was shown to be non-selective phytotoxin. The selectivity profile of stagonolide K and herbarumin I depended on the leaf wounding or the adjuvant addition. Stagonolide A and herbarumin I formulated in 0.5% Hasten™ showed considerable herbicidal effect on S. arvensis aerial shoots. This study supported the potential of the oil-based adjuvant Hasten™ to increase the herbicidal efficacy of natural phytotoxins.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Test of Extract and Fraction of Dendrophtoe Pentandra (L) Miq on T47D Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Masayu Farah Diba ◽  
Salni Salni ◽  
Subandrate Subandrate
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
T47d Cell ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Indonesia has a variety of plants that have the potential for medicine. One of the plants used by the community as a drug with anticancer effects is Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and water ethanol fraction of Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq on T47D breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and water ethanol fraction were carried out by MTT assay method using series concentration. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by calculating IC50 values using linear equations. Phytochemical test showed that Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq contained saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. The IC50 value of the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and water ethanol fraction were 417.506 μg/mL, 233.617 μg/mL, and 2748.357 μg/mL, respectively. The smaller the IC50 value means that the compound is more active. Water ethanol fraction of Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq does not have a cytotoxic effect, whereas ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq have cytotoxic effects in the medium strength category. The content of flavonoids and saponins in ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq is thought to play role in causing T47D cell death. Cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate fraction are stronger than ethanol extracts.

Herbicidal Activity of Three Sesquiterpene Lactones on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Their Possible Mode of Action

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil ◽  
Neama Abdel-Razeek ◽  
Salah A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point

Inhibitory effects of two sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and parthenolide, isolated from dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of southern magnolia and a parthenolide derivative, 1,10-epoxyparthenolide, were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of wild oat. The sesquiterpene lactones effected a significant reduction of seed germination, particularly at the highest concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1, with costunolide being the most active one. Furthermore, the three sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited root and shoot growth of the weed. However, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. Parthenolide inhibited growth of both root and shoot more strongly than the other compounds and a reference herbicide imazamethabenz. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, parthenolide caused 87 and 41% growth inhibition of root and shoot, respectively. Parthenolide was tested for its effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The compound inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of 51.44 µM. The results of this study indicated that the herbicidal activity of the isolated sesquiterpene may be attributed to inhibition of ALS. The promising phytotoxic activity of sesquitepene lactones reported here could be considered a starting point for developing environmentally safer herbicides.

Flow-field Evaluation of Superheated Fuel Sprays using High-Speed PIV

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Yuyin Zhang ◽  
Wei Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Sprays
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