scholarly journals Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Brazilian Propolis

Despite the virulence and high fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no specific antiviral treatment exists until the current moment. Natural agents with immune-promoting potentials such as bee products are being explored as possible treatments. Bee honey and propolis are rich in bioactive compounds that express strong antimicrobial, bactericidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This review examined the literature for the anti-COVID-19 effects of bee honey and propolis, with the aim of optimizing the use of these handy products as prophylactic or adjuvant treatments for people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis and honey (e.g., rutin, naringin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, luteolin, and artepillin C) may inhibit viral spike fusion in host cells, viral-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and viral replication. Similar to the potent antiviral drug remdesivir, rutin, propolis ethanolic extract, and propolis liposomes inhibited non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and these compounds along with naringin inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Propolis extracts delivered by nanocarriers exhibit better antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 than ethanolic extracts. In line, hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving green Brazilian propolis or a combination of honey and Nigella sativa exhibited earlier viral clearance, symptom recovery, discharge from the hospital as well as less mortality than counterparts receiving standard care alone. Thus, the use of bee products as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 may produce beneficial effects. Implications for treatment outcomes and issues to be considered in future studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Potential of Leaf Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of the Edible Halophyte Crithmum maritimum L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5380
Author(s):  
Aymen Souid ◽  
Clara Maria Della Croce ◽  
Stefania Frassinetti ◽  
Morena Gabriele ◽  
Luisa Pozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Aromatic halophytes represent an exceptional source of natural bioactive compounds for the food industry. Crithmum maritimum L., also known as sea fennel, is a halophyte plant colonizing cliffs and coastal dunes along Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. It is well known to produce essential oils and polyphenols endowed with antioxidant and biological effects. The present work reports the phytochemical profile, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties of C. maritimum leaf hydro-alcoholic extract. From LC-ESI-MS analysis, eighteen phenolic compounds were depicted in sea fennel extract and the amount of total phenolic content exceeds 3% DW. Accordingly, C. maritimum extract showed strong antioxidant activities, as evidenced by in vitro (DPPH, ORAC, FRAP) and ex vivo (CAA-RBC and hemolysis) assays. An important antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains was found as well as a strong capacity to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35556) biofilm formation. Sea fennel extracts showed a significant decrease of mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione (ME) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain. In conclusion, our results show that C. maritimum is an exceptional source of bioactive components and exert beneficial effects against oxidative or mutagenic mechanisms, and pathogenic bacteria, making it a potential functional food.

scholarly journals Assessment of In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols from Annurca, Limoncella, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious Apples Using a Sequential Enzymatic Digestion Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Anna Gaspari ◽  
Claudio Di Vaio ◽  
Aurora Cirillo ◽  
Carolina Liana Ronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Great Relevance

Four different varieties of apples have been considered (Limoncella, Annurca, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) to estimate the extent of colon polyphenolics release after in vitro sequential enzyme digestion. Since several studies report a positive effect of apple polyphenols in colonic damage, we found of interest to investigate the colon release of polyphenols in different varieties of apples in order to assess their prevention of colonic damage. UHPLC-HRMS analysis and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were carried out on the apple extracts (peel, flesh, and whole fruit) obtained from not digested samples and on bioaccessible fractions (duodenal and colon bioaccessible fractions) after in vitro digestion. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities were found to vary significantly among the tested cultivars with Limoncella showing the highest polyphenol content accompanied by an excellent antioxidant activity in both flesh and whole fruit. The overall trend of soluble antioxidant capacity from the soluble duodenal phase (SDP) and soluble colonic phase (SCP) followed the concentrations of flavanols, procyandinis, and hydroxycinnamic acids under the same digestive steps. Our results highlighted that on average 64.2% of the total soluble antioxidant activity was released in the SCP with Limoncella exhibiting the highest values (82.31, 70.05, and 65.5%, respectively for whole fruit, flesh, and peel). This result suggested that enzymatic treatment with pronase E and viscozyme L, to reproduce biochemical conditions occurring in the colon, is effective for breaking the dietary fiber-polyphenols interactions and for the release of polyphenols which can exercise their beneficial effects in the colon. The beneficial effects related to the Limoncella consumption could thus be of potential great relevance to counteract the adverse effects of pro-oxidant and inflammatory processes on intestinal cells.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calyces from Physalis peruviana

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina M. Toro ◽  
Diana M. Aragón ◽  
Luis F. Ospina ◽  
Freddy A. Ramos ◽  
Leonardo Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bio Assay

Physalis peruviana calyces are used extensively in folk medicine. The crude ethanolic extract and some fractions of calyces were evaluated in order to explore antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the TPA-induced ear edema model. The antioxidant in vitro activity was measured by means of the superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions. The butanolic fraction was found to be promising due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, a bio-assay guided approach was employed to isolate and identify rutin (1) and nicotoflorin (2) from their NMR spectroscopic and MS data. The identification of rutin in calyces of P. peruviana supports the possible use of this waste material for phytotherapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic preparations.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DEHYDRATED MUKIA MADERASPATANA LEAVES AS A POTENT SOURCE OF DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
D. Amirtham ◽  
J. Aswini Nivedida ◽  
K. Dhivya ◽  
S. Ganapathy ◽  
C. Indurani
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Green leafy vegetables are the most underexploited class of vegetables despite high nutritional value. The current study has been focused on the evaluation of anti-oxidant status of fresh and dehydrated under- utilized green leafy vegetable namely Mukia maderaspatana (L.) (Family: Cucurbitaceae), an indigenous plant; traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in Indian system of medicine. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant activities were evaluated for the ethanolic extract of leaves to assess the in vitro antioxidant activities. The results showed that there exist a linear correlation between polyphenol content and antioxidant property. The ethanolic extract of dehydrated Mukia leaves showed the highest phenolic content (269.34 ± 0.78mg GAE/g), and total antioxidant activity (543±46 µmol Trolox/100 g). HPTLC analysis has revealed the presence of significant quantity of Quercitin (26.52%), an important flavonoid of tremendous antioxidant, anticancer and ant inflammatory properties in both the fresh and dehydrated leaves which might be the chief bioactive principle in Mukia.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Bacillus Clausii

Humans and plants are experiencing different kinds of diseases. Many of these diseases are mainly caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses that adversely affect their hosts. Bioactive compounds produced by bacteria can be used to treat the infections caused by these microorganisms. Free radicals that can cause serious damage to the cell can be repressed by antioxidants that are produced by bacteria as secondary compounds. The current case study was therefore planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of the organic and aqueous extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10 isolated recently by our group from hot springs of Tatta Pani, Poonch, Azad Kashmir. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using well diffusion method against two Gram positive bacteria; B. subtilis, and S. aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria; E. coli and P. multocida and three fungal strains; A. niger, A. parasiticus and A. ustus. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. In our experiments the maximum zones of inhibition were shown by ethanolic extract against P. multocida (21 mm), S. aureus (13 mm) and methanol soluble fraction showed zone of inhibition against A. ustus (21 mm) as compared to the standard ciprofloxacin for bacteria and as antifungal agents with terbinafine. In our studies n-hexane fraction of B. clausii KP10 showed maximum 88.67% antioxidant activity. Finally, results were analyzed statistically through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence it is proved that the bioactive fractions obtained from B. clausii KP10 are good source of antimicrobials and antioxidants and they can be used as medicines in future for the respective treatments.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Natural Blessing for Periodontal Therapy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mekhemar ◽  
Yasmine Hassan ◽  
Christof Dörfer
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Thymoquinone (TQ), the chief active constituent of Nigella sativa (NS), shows very valuable biomedical properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic and anti-asthmatic effects. Several studies have examined the pharmacological actions of TQ in the treatment of oral diseases but its potential role in periodontal therapy and regeneration is not yet fully defined. The present investigation has been designed to review the scientific studies about the effects of TQ as an adjunct to periodontal treatment to promote healing and periodontal regeneration. Along with clinical experiments, in vitro studies exhibit the beneficial effects of TQ during periodontal therapy. Nevertheless, additional comprehensive clinical and preclinical studies at cellular and molecular levels are essential to examine the particular action mechanisms of Nigella sativa and its elements, particularly TQ, during periodontal treatment or regeneration.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant activities and HPTLC analysis of ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia (L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. S952-S956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽  
Dominic Sophia ◽  
Chinthamony Arul Raj ◽  
Paramasivam Ragavendran ◽  
Thangarajan Starlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cayratia Trifolia

scholarly journals Anacardic acid derivatives from Brazilian propolis and their antibacterial activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. S. Silva ◽  
S. G. De Lima ◽  
E. H. Oliveira ◽  
J. A. D. Lopes ◽  
M. H. Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Brazilian Propolis

Propolis is a sticky, gummy, resinous substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from various plant sources, which has excellent medicinal properties. This paper describes the isolation and identification of triterpenoids and anacardic acid derivatives from Brazilian propolis and their antibacterial activity. Their structures were elucidated by ¹H and 13C NMR, including uni- and bidimensional techniques; in addition, comparisons were made with data from academic literature. These compounds were identified as: cardanols (1a + 1b), cardols (2a + 2b), monoene anacardic acid (3), a-amirine (4), b-amirine (5), cycloartenol (6), 24-methylene-cycloartenol (7) and lupeol (8). The determination of the position of the double bond after a reaction with Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is described for the phenol derivatives. The ethanolic extract was tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity by using the disc diffusion method and it showed significant results against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella spp.

scholarly journals Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ratnaker Singh ◽  
Y. Trilochana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.

scholarly journals In vitro Antisalmonellal and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extracts of Tectona grandis L. F. (Verbenaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tchuente Kamsu ◽  
Richard Simo Tagne ◽  
Siméon P. C. Fodouop ◽  
Louis-Claire Ndel Famen ◽  
Norbert Kodjio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Radical Trapping

Aim: Study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antisalmonellal and antioxidant properties of Tectona grandis, a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional Cameroonian medicine for the treatment of typhoid fever. Study Design: In vitro Antimicrobial and antioxidant analyses of plant extract using established protocols. Place and Duration of Study: Plant materiel collection at Loum (Moungo Division, Littoral region of Cameroon), identification at the National Herbarium of Cameroon, extraction of plant and all analyses at the Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang-Cameroon, between August 2018 and April 2019. Methodology: In vitro antisalmonellal activity of Tectona grandis extracts was evaluated by the liquid microdilution method as well as their antioxidant activity using by standard methods of H2O2 trapping, FRAP, DPPH radical trapping and OH radical trapping. Quantification test of total phenols and flavonoids and phytochemical screening of extract were also done. Results: The results showed that most of the Tectona grandis extracts had minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL. Ethanolic extract, 70% ethanol extract and aqueous decoction are the most effective compared to aqueous extracts with activities between 64 and 128 μg/mL on the bacteria tested. Antioxidant tests showed that all extracts except macerated and aqueous infused extracts exhibited high DPPH trapping activities. The antioxidant activities of the extracts are proportionally linked in most cases to their flavonoid and total phenol contents at a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Aqueous decoction showed better H2O2 trapping activity at concentrations less than or equal to 25 µg/mL. Conclusion: These results show that the ethanolic extract and decocted aqueous of Tectona grandis leaves can be used as an alternative to treat salmonellosis.

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