scholarly journals Antifeedant Effects and Repellent Activity of Loline Alkaloids from Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Javier Espinoza ◽  
Manuel Chacón-Fuentes ◽  
Andrés Quiroz ◽  
Leonardo Bardehle ◽  
Paul Escobar-Bahamondes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Spatial Repellency

Haematobia irritans is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle and is the global major pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent upon broad-spectrum pesticides, which lately has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are necessary. Endophyte-infected grasses have been studied as an alternative due to their capability to biosynthesize alkaloids associated with anti-insect activities. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the antifeedant and repellent activity of lolines obtained from endophyte-infected tall fescue against H. irritans adults in laboratory conditions. The alkaloid extract (ALKE) was obtained by acid–base extraction. N-formyl loline (NFL) and N-acetyl loline (NAL) were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography (pTLC) and column chromatography (CC), and the loline was prepared by acid hydrolysis of a NFL/NAL mixture. Loline identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Feeding behavior was evaluated by a non-choice test, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Accordingly, all samples showed antifeedant activities. NFL was the most antifeedant compound at 0.5 µg/µL and 1.0 µg/µL, and it was statistically equal to NAL but different to loline; however, NAL was not statistically different to loline. NFL and NAL at 0.25 µg/µL were more active than loline. All samples except loline exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer. Thus, the little or non-adverse effects for cattle and beneficial activities of those lolines make them suitable candidates for horn fly management.

scholarly journals Comparisons of antifeedancy and spatial repellency of three natural product repellents against horn flies,Haematobia irritans(Diptera: Muscidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei J Zhu ◽  
Gary J Brewer ◽  
David J Boxler ◽  
Kristina Friesen ◽  
David B Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Spatial Repellency

Some reactions of 2-ethenyl-4,4-Ethylenedioxy-1-methylcyclohex-1-ene prepared by pyrolysis of 5,5-Ethylenedioxy-7a-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-inden-1(7aH)-one

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFC Brown ◽  
GL Burge ◽  
DJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalysts ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of 5,5-ethylenedioxy-7a-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-inden-1(7aH)-one (2) at 630� gave a good yield of 2-ethenyl-4,4-ethylenedioxy-1-methylcyclohex-1-ene (6), but at 740� p-cresol was the major product. The diene acetal (6) was also obtained by pyrolysis of 5,5-ethylene- dioxy-lβ-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1,2,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4H-indene-1α-carbonitrile (3) at 600�. Pyrolytic reactions of 7a-methyl-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene-1,5(6H)-dione (1), 5,5-ethylenedithio-7a- methyl-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-one (7) and of 1,1-ethylenedioxy-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex- 3-ene (8) are also described. Mild hydrolysis of the diene acetal (6) afforded 3-ethenyl-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one (9) which upon brief treatment with dry hydrogen chloride in chloroform at 0� gave, after preparative thin-layer chromatography, a low yield of pure 3-ethenyl-4-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (11). The diene acetal (6) failed to undergo Diels-Alder reactions, even at high pressures with Lewis acid catalysts, and it reacted anomalously with two molecules of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione; the isomeric diene acetal 1-ethenyl-3,3-ethylenedioxy-6-methylcyclohex-1-ene (18) gave the expected Diels-Alder adduct with this reagent.

Isolation of the antidiarrhoeal tiliroside and its derivative from Waltheria indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
B.A. Ayinde ◽  
J.O. Owolabi ◽  
I.S. Uti ◽  
P.C. Ogbeta ◽  
M.I. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ileum Contraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

The antidiarrhoeal effect of Waltheria indica methanol extract and fractions have been reported earlier but, the present work examined the intestinal relaxant effects of two flavonoid-phenyl propanoids isolated from the methanol extract. The active aqueous fraction was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography using dichloromethane with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate, and that of methanol and water successively. The ten (10) fractions obtained were combined to give seven (7). The fraction 2 (C, D) was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel GF254 (10-40μm) using CHCl3-CH3OH (8:2) to obtain compound coded F2. Fraction 4 (F) was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel (60-120μm mesh) and eluted with  dichloromethane with increasing concentrations of methanol. Fractions 9-28 were combined and subjected to column  chromatography using chloroform with increasing concentration of methanol. The fractions 1-16 of these were purified on Sephadex LH-20 to obtain compound BAA. The identities of the two compounds were established using spectroscopic methods. The  antidiarrheal effect of compound F2 was evaluated on mice using charcoal transit (100,200, 400mg/kg), castor oil (40, 60 mg/kg)  while the two compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on Ach-induced ileum contraction. The effects of the  compounds were compared with loperamide (3mg/kg) and atropine (80μg). Compounds F2 and BAA were identified as tiliroside and 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside respectively. Tiliroside inhibited the charcoal transition in the animals in a dose dependent pattern with 400mg/ mL eliciting 63.41% inhibition compared to 59.23% produced by loperamide. The compound also elicited significantly (P<0.05) prolonged onset of stooling and reduced the number and weight of stools produced lower than the control. The two  compounds drastically inhibited the Ach-induced contractions of the ileum. The compound, tiliroside at 10mg, completely abolished  the contraction by Ach unlike 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside which reduced the contraction to 1.92% at 20mg. The identified compounds seem to be responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in treating diarrhea.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS (F.A.C. WEBER) BRITTON AND ROSE) ISOLATES USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

  Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.

scholarly journals Senyawa Saponin Hasil Isolasi dari Daun Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Hady Wiraputra ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Aliphatic Group ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Tanaman buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.) secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk hipertensi, takikardia, anemia, sifilis, antikanker, antioksidan, sumber pewarna alami dan antidiabetes. Saponin merupakan senyawa fitokimia yang mempunyai kemampuan membentuk busa dan mengandung aglikon polisiklik yang berikatan dengan satu atau lebih gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi senyawa saponin hasil isolasi dari daun buni dengan spektrofotometer ultraviolet dan inframerah. Simplisia daun buni dilakukan karakterisasi kemudian diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan etanol 80%. Selanjutnya ekstrak etanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2N kemudian difraksi dengan pelarut kloroform. Isolasi dilakukan terhadap fraksi kloroform dengan cara kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak yang sesuai. Isolat yang diperoleh diuji kemurnian dengan KLT 2 arah dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer ultraviolet dan inframerah. Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 7,32%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 52,70%, kadar sari larut dalam air 23,25%, kadar abu total 6,86% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,94%. Pemisahan fraksi kloroform dengan KLT menggunakan fase gerak n-heksana-etilasetat perbandingan 5:5 diperoleh noda 13 dan hasil KLT preparatif diperoleh 2 isolat murni yaitu isolat 1 (ungu merah) dengan Rf 0,92 dan isolat 2 (biru) dengan Rf 0,78. Hasil karakterisasi isolat 1 diperoleh panjang gelombang maksimum pada 208 nm dan dijumpai adanya gugus hidroksil, gugus -CH alifatis, ikatan C=C, gugus –CH2, gugus –CH3, dan gugus C-O. Hasil karakterisasi isolat 2 diperoleh panjang gelombang maksimum pada 204 nm dan adanya gugus hidroksil, gugus -CH alifatis, gugus –CH2, gugus –CH3, dan gugus C-O. Buni (Antidesmabunius (L.) Spreng.) has been traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension, tachycardia, anemia, syphilis, and used asanti-cancer, anti-oxidant, natural dye, and anti-diabetic. Saponin is a phytochemical compound which has capability in forming foam and contains polycyclic aglycone that binds with one or more glucose. This research aimed to conduct the characterization of saponin compound from buni leaves with ultraviolet spectrophotometer and infrared. Buni leaves simplicia was characterizedand extracted using sequential maceration method with n-hexane and 80% ethanol. The ethanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2N and fractionized using chloroform solvent. Isolation of chloroform fraction was done using preparative thin-layer chromatography using silent phase of silica gel GF 254 and suitable mobile phase. Isolates obtained was taken into purity test with two dimensions thin-layer chromatography and characterized using ultraviolet spectrophotometer and infrared. The characterized simplicia resulted with 7.32% of water content, 52.70% of dissolved content in ethanol, 23.25% of dissolvedcontent in water, 6.86% of total ash content, and 0.94% of undissolved ash content in acid. Fractinationof chloroform fraction with thin-layer chromatography using mobile phase ofn-hexane-ethyl acetate with 5:5 ration resulted with 13 spotsand the result of the preparative thin-layer chromatography resulted 2 pure isolates which are isolate 1 (purple-red) with Rf 0.92 and isolate 2 (blue) with Rf 0.78. The characterization of isolate 1 resulted that the maximum wave lengthwas 208 nm with hydroxyl group, –CH aliphatic group, C=C bond, –CH2 group, –CH3 group, and C–O group. The characterization of isolate 2 resulted that the maximum wave lengthwas204 nm with hydroxyl group, –CH aliphatic group, –CH2 group, –CH3 group, and C–O group.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF STEROIDAL SAPONINS FROM POLYGONATUM ODORATUM (MILL.) DRUCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Cristina MOGOSAN ◽  
Ilioara ONIGA ◽  
Mircea TAMAS
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

We isolated the steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce with an efficiency of 4.50% which represents 7 fractions identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), of which 3 were furostanics and 4 spirostanics. After the acid hydrolysis of the saponins, one aglycone (sapogenine) was identified by TLC. Further, we have determined the physico-chemical and the biological properties of the isolated saponins.

Synthesis of L-glucurone. Conversion of D-glucose into L-glucose

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 3931-3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Borohydride Reduction ◽  
Isopropylidene Derivative ◽  
Molar Equivalent ◽  
Intermediate Oxidation ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

L-Glucurone (2) was readily prepared on a small scale by treatment of D-glycero-D-gulo-heptono-lactone (1) with a molar equivalent of periodic acid; thin–layer chromatography was used for its isolation. On a larger scale pure crystalline L-glucurone was obtained in over 80% yield from 3,5;6,7-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptonolactone (4) in two steps consisting of concomitant hydrolysis and oxidation of 4 with periodic acid followed by treatment of the intermediate oxidation product with trifluoroacetic acid. L-Glucose was prepared from L-glucurone by borohydride reduction and hydrolysis of the 1,2-O-isopropylidene derivative. Since 1 was derived from D-glucose, the result of this series of reactions was the conversion of D-glucose into its enantiomer L-glucose.

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