scholarly journals Flavonoid Glycosides in Brassica Species Respond to UV-B Depending on Exposure Time and Adaptation Time

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Susanne Neugart ◽  
Christiane Bumke-Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Species ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides

Recently, there have been efforts to use ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) as a biotechnological tool in greenhouses. Leafy Brassica species are mainly considered for their ability to synthesize glucosinolates and are valued as baby salads. They also have a remarkable concentration of chemically diverse flavonoid glycosides. In this study, the effect of short-term UV-B radiation at the end of the production cycle was investigated without affecting plant growth. The aim was to verify which exposure and adaptation time was suitable and needs to be further investigated to use UV as a biotechnological tool in greenhouse production of Brassica species. It is possible to modify the flavonoid glycoside profile of leafy Brassica species by increasing compounds that appear to have potentially high antioxidant activity. Exemplarily, the present experiment shows that kaempferol glycosides may be preferred over quercetin glycosides in response to UV-B in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, for example, whereas other species appear to prefer quercetin glycosides over kaempferol glycosides, such as Brassica oleracea var. sabellica or Brassica carinata. However, the response to short-term UV-B treatment is species-specific and conclusions on exposure and adaptation time cannot be unified but must be drawn separately for each species.

Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken G Ryan ◽  
Ewald E Swinny ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Kenneth R Markham
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

AbstractWild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.

Influence of short-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on growth, allocation patterns, and biochemistry of black spruce seedlings at different stages of development

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel A. Campagna ◽  
Hank A. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates

Black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana Mill.) were exposed to either elevated (1000 ppm) or ambient (340 ppm) atmospheric CO2 levels at different stages of seedling development over a winter greenhouse production cycle. Seedlings germinated in early February and were placed in CO2 chambers for either 3 or 6 weeks during March, April, May, or August. Total seedling biomass increased under high CO2 conditions for the March, April, and May stages of development, but showed no significant response in August. The greater part of the CO2 response occurred during the second 3 weeks of exposure in March and April but during the first 3 weeks of exposure in May. In September, those seedlings exposed to CO2 in April and May had 30 and 14%, respectively, greater biomass than control seedlings, but seedlings from the other stages of development no longer had significant differences remaining from the CO2 treatment. This suggests that it could be very efficient to give a short well-timed CO2 pulse at the beginning of the production cycle in hopes of producing a size difference that is maintained throughout the remainder of the greenhouse production cycle under ambient levels of CO2. Short-term exposure to elevated CO2 also increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to total height for the March, April, and May stages of development. The ratio of total nonstructural carbohydrates to free amino acids was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.98) with the allocation of new growth between shoots and roots as measured by the allocation coefficient, k (milligrams shoot growth per milligrams root growth). As seedlings developed along their seasonal growth cycle, ratios of total nonstructural carbohydrates to free amino acids increased and the values for k decreased. The effect of CO2 enrichment on these two factors is discussed. Monitoring total nonstructural carbohydrate and free amino acid concentrations in foliage could have potential as a method to predict the percentage of carbon allocated to root systems of entire forest stands as well as of individual tree seedlings.

White clover sensitivity to UV-B radiation - biochemical relationships and interaction with drought

2003 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
B.D. Campbell ◽  
E.E. Swinny ◽  
S.J. Bloor ◽  
K.R. Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Population Comparisons ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Balance Trade

During summertime in New Zealand, white clover experiences high levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This frequently coincides with periods of summer drought. We investigated responses to UV-B and to the combination of UV-B and drought in various white clover populations, including New Zealand cultivars and ecotypes as well as overseas germplasm. The results were obtained under controlled environmental conditions in three independent trials. Overall, white clover growth was reduced by UV-B. The population comparisons indicated that low growth rate and adaptation to other forms of stress may be related to UV-B tolerance under well-watered conditions, but not during extended periods of drought. Flavonoid pigments that are involved in stress protection were strongly increased under UV-B and were further enhanced in the combination of UV-B and drought. The responses among these flavonoids were highly specific, with more pronounced UV-B-induced increases in quercetin glycosides, compared to their closely related kaempferol counterparts. UV-B toler ance of the less productive white clover populations was linked to the accumulation of quercetin compounds. In conclusion, these studies suggest (i) that slow-growing white clover ecotypes adapted to other stresses have higher capacity for biochemical acclimation to UV-B under well-watered conditions and (ii) that these biochemical attributes may also contribute to decreased UV-B sensitivity across white clover populations under drought. The findings alert plant breeders to potential benefits of selecting productive germplasm for high levels of specific flavonoids to balance trade-offs between plant productivity and stress tolerance. Keywords: Drought, flavonoids, genetic variation, HPLC, kaempferol, quercetin, str ess, Trifolium repens L., ultraviolet-B, white clover

The use of flavonoid glycosides for the identification of elm hybrids

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Heimler ◽  
Andrea Pieroni ◽  
Lorenzo Mittempergher ◽  
Pietro Buzzini
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Putative Hybrids

The utilization of elm leaf flavonoids as biochemical markers for the identification of artificial and natural hybrids of elm species is discussed. Two to 11 individuals from controlled crosses of Ulmuscarpinifolia Gled., Ulmuspumila L., Ulmusparvifolia Jacq., and Ulmusjaponica (R.) Sarg. were examined. Five to seven individuals from each parental species, and a number of putative hybrids between U. carpinifolia and U. pumila that naturally occur in central and northern Italy, were also examined. Quantitative data on leaf flavonoid glycosides were obtained by means of high-performance thin layer chromatography and examined by multivariate discriminant analysis. The results show that it is possible to identify the hybrid obtained between these species even if the parents are unknown, provided a number of individuals of the parental species are examined; therefore, it is also possible to certify putative hybrids. The higher variability of the flavonoid glycoside data of U. carpinifolia and U. pumila and the probable presence of F2 generation individuals make the certification of natural hybrids between these two species in some cases difficult or even impossible.

scholarly journals Study of the mechanism of change in flavonoid composition in the processing of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. ‘Boju’

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yafeng Zuo ◽  
Fengqing Xu ◽  
Tongsheng Wang ◽  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Abstract A form of β-glucosidase was isolated and purified from fresh Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. ‘Boju’ (Boju) and its enzymatic properties explored in this study. The purified enzyme and Boju flavonoids were reacted in a water bath to ascertain the composition of the reactants. Flavonoid glycoside and aglycon concentrations in Boju varied significantly depending on processing method. The concentration of flavonoid glycosides in Boju decreased and flavonoid aglycons increased due to heat-activation of β-glucosidase which hydrolyzed the flavonoid glycosides in Boju to aglycons.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of three flavonoid glycosyltransferases from Andrographis paniculata

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Xin-Lin Li ◽  
Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai ◽  
Rui-Shan Wang ◽  
Li-Ping Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Different Types

Andrographis paniculata is an important traditional medicinal herb in South and Southeast Asian countries with diverse pharmacological activities that contains various flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. Glycosylation can transform aglycones into more stable, biologically active and structurally diverse glycosides. Here, we report three glycosyltransferases from the leaves of A. paniculata (ApUFGTs) that presented wide substrate spectra for flavonoid glycosylation and exhibited multi-site glycosylation on the substrate molecules. They acted on the 7-OH position of the A ring and were able to glycosylate several other different types of compounds. The biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis of these glycosyltransferases were also investigated. This study provides a basis for further research on the cloning of genes involved in glycosylation from A. paniculata and offers opportunities for enhancing flavonoid glycoside production in heterologous hosts. These enzymes are expected to become effective tools for drug discovery and for the biosynthesis of derivatives via flavonoid glycosylation.

A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Ononis spinosa and Two New Flavonoid Glycosides from Ononis vaginalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel H. Shaker ◽  
Katja Dockendorff ◽  
Mirko Bernhardt ◽  
Karlheinz Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Nmr Signals

Abstract The new triterpenoid saponin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)- β -D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3β ,22α-dihydroxyolean-13-en-11-one has been isolated from Ononis spinosa. The new flavonoid glycoside 3-O-[2-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-β -D-galactopyranosyl]-7-O-β - D-glucopyranosylkaempferol and the new pterocarpan glucoside 3,4-di-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-4- hydroxymedicarpin have been obtained from Ononis vaginalis. The structures were determined primarily by NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of NMR signals was performed by means of 1H-1H COSY, ROESY, TOCSY, HMQC HMQC-COSY and HMBC experiments.

scholarly journals Flavonol Glycosides from the Leaves of Allium Macrostemon

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Nakane ◽  
Tsukasa Iwashina
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Allium Macrostemon ◽  
First Time

Twelve flavonoids were isolated from Allium macrostemon leaves. Five compounds were identified as kaempferol 3,7-di -O-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3,4′-di- O-glucoside (2), quercetin 3- O-glucoside (3), kaempferol 3- O-glucoside (4) and isorhamnetin 3- O-glucoside (5) by UV spectra, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and HPLC comparisons with authentic standards. Other flavonoids were characterized as kaempferol glycosides (6–8, 10 and 11) and quercetin glycosides (9 and 12). Other compounds, such as steroidal saponins, have been already found from the bulbs of A. macrostemon. However, flavonoids were reported for the first time from the leaves.

Responses of Detached Rice Leaves (Oryza sativa L.) To Moderate Supplementary Ultraviolet-B Radiation Allow Early Screening for Relative Sensitivity to Ultraviolet-B Irradiation

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Huang ◽  
J He ◽  
WS Chow ◽  
MI Whitecross ◽  
JM Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Rice Leaves

Responses to short-term supplementary ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation were studied in detached leaves of two indica rice cultivars (Er Bai Ai and Lemont) to evaluate whether this might be an initial method for screening for UV-B susceptibility. Leaf tissue from plants grown in a greenhouse (28�C day/ 20�C night, with a maximum irradiance of 800-1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1) was placed under moderate supplementary UV-B radiation for 20 h. The effects of this short-term treatment were measured by determining the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosynthetic O2 exchange, chlorophyll content, maximum Rubisco activity as well as the concentrations of total soluble protein and Rubisco protein. All the above parameters showed considerable declines, which were always greater in cv. Er Bai Ai than in cv. Lemont. The in vivo activation of Rubisco was markedly increased in detached leaves treated with supplementary UV-B compared with control leaves; the increase was greater in cv. Er Bai Ai than in cv. Lemont. The photosynthetic responses invoked in the detached rice leaves are remarkably similar to those observed previously [He et al. (1993). Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20, 129-42] in intact rice plants which had a longer-term supplementary UV-B exposure of comparable cumulative biologically effective UV-B dosage. We conclude that rapid short-term responses of detached leaves allow early screening of relative sensitivity of rice cultivars to UV-B.

Polyphenols in Stachys and Betonica Species (Lamiaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassya Bankova ◽  
Jordanka Koeva-Todorovska ◽  
Tatyana Stambolijska ◽  
Maria-Desislava Ignatova-Groceva ◽  
Daniela Todorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
First Time

Abstract Above-ground parts and roots from four Stachys species (S. germanica L., S. sylvatica L. and the Balkan endemics S. thracica Dav. and S. plumosa Griseb.) as well as o f three Betonica species (B. officinalis L. and the Balkan endemics B. bulgarica Deg. et Neic. and B. scardica Griseb.) were screened for phenols (phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides and the phenolic diterpene betolide). Three phenylethanoid glycosides, a flavonoid glycoside and the phenolic diterpene betolide were isolated and identified, most of them for the first time in the investigated species. The results obtained support the view that Stachys and Betonica are well separated genera.

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