scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC-UV-CD Determination of (S)-usnic Acid in Cladonia foliacea

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Valeria Cavalloro ◽  
Giorgio Marrubini ◽  
Rita Stabile ◽  
Daniela Rossi ◽  
Pasquale Linciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Set Up

During the years, many usnic acid (UA) conjugates have been synthesized to obtain potent endowed with biological properties. Since (S)-UA is less abundant in nature than (R)-enantiomer, it is difficult to source, thus precluding a deeper investigation. Among the lichens producing UA, Cladonia foliacea is a valuable (S)-UA source. In the present work, we report on a rapid HPLC-UV/PAD-CD protocol suitable for the analysis and the identification of the main secondary metabolites present in C. foliacea extract. Best results were achieved using XBridge Phenyl column and acetonitrile and water, which were both added with formic acid as mobile phase in gradient elution. By combining analytical, spectroscopical, and chiroptical analysis, the most abundant analyte was unambiguously identified as (S)-UA. Accordingly, a versatile microwave-assisted extractive (MAE) protocol, assisted by a design of experiment (DoE), to quantitatively recover (S)-UA was set up. The best result in terms of UA extraction yield was obtained using ethanol and heating at 80 °C under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Starting from 100 g of dried C. foliacea, 420 mg of (S)-UA were achieved. Thus, our extraction method resulted in a suitable protocol to produce (S)-UA from C. foliacea for biological and pharmaceutical investigation or commercial purposes.

Development of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method for the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Mussel Tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis ◽  
Archontoula Kyrgidou ◽  
Zisis Vryzas ◽  
Euphemia Papadopoulou-Mourkidou
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Mussel Tissue ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

scholarly journals Enhancement of Solasodine Extracted from Fruits of Solanum nigrum L. by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Lin ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

Background: Solasodine is a major bioactive ingredient in Solanum nigrum L. that has strong pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, the development of a simple and effective extraction method for obtaining solasodine is highly important. This study aims to provide a rapid and effective method for extracting solasodine from Solanum nigrum L. by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE). Methods: First, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions were established for the detection of solasodine. Then, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) compositions were examined. On the basis of the results of single-factor experiments, for a better yield, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize influential factors including the extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio. Results: The maximum extraction yield of 7.11 ± 0.08 mg/g was obtained at 44 °C, an extraction time of 15 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 42:1 mL/g in the ATPS consisting of EtOH solvent, (NH4)2SO4, and water (28:16:56, w/w/w). The extraction yield of the alkaloid obtained using this method was markedly higher than those of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Conclusions: In this work, solasodine was extracted by MAATPE for the first time and a high yield was obtained. MAATPE is a simple, rapid, and green technique for extraction from medical plants. Thus, the present study will enable the development of a feasible extraction method of active alkaloids from Solanum nigrum L.

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