scholarly journals Human Nails Permeation of an Antifungal Candidate Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Plant Sapindus saponaria L. Rich in Saponins

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mendes ◽  
Flávia Franco Veiga ◽  
Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino ◽  
Francielle Sato ◽  
Mauro Luciano Baesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Human Nails

We evaluated a hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus saponaria L. pericarps (ETHOSS), as a candidate to a topical antifungal medicine for onychomycosis. ETHOSS was produced by extracting the crushed fruits in ethanol. The saponin contents were identified and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We measured the in vitro antifungal activity against three dermatophyte fungi, isolated from onychomycosis: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. interdigitale, using broth microdilution tests. The minimum fungicide concentration of ETHOSS ranged from 195.31 to 781.25 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was tested on the HeLa cell line, and its ability to permeate into healthy human nails by photoacoustic spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection. Besides its strong antifungal activity, ETHOSS showed low cytotoxicity in human cells. It was able to permeate and reach the full thickness of the nail in one hour, without the aid of facilitating vehicles, and remained there for at least 24 h. These results suggest that ETHOSS has great potential for treating onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of Natural Butenolides-Acrylate Conjugates

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiufang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

A series of novel 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-2(5H) furanone-acrylate hybrids were designed and synthesized based on the natural butenolides and acrylates scaffolds. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the bioactivity of the target compounds against twelve phytopathogenic fungi was investigated. The preliminary in vitro antifungal activity screening showed that most of the target compounds had moderate inhibition on various pathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 mg·L−1, and presented broad-spectrum antifungal activities. Further studies also indicated that compounds 7e and 7k still showed some inhibitory activity against Pestallozzia theae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Gibberella zeae on rape plants at lower concentrations, which could be optimized as a secondary lead for further research.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Pyridine-Based Triple Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Wei ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Wenqiang Tan ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Guodong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Quaternized Chitosan ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Phomopsis Asparagi ◽  
Common Plant

In this study, a series of triple quaternized chitosan derivatives, including 6-O-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]-2-N-(1-pyridylmethyl-2-ylmethyl)-N,N-dimethyl chitosan chloride (7), 6-O-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]-2-N-(1-pyridylmethyl-3-yl- methyl)-N,N-dimethyl chitosan chloride (8), and 6-O-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]- 2-N-(1-pyridylmethyl-4-ylmethyl)-N,N-dimethyl chitosan chloride (9) were successfully designed and synthesized via reacting epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride with the N-pyridinium double quaternized chitosan derivatives. Detailed structural characterization was carried out using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Besides, the activity of the triple quaternized chitosan derivatives against three common plant pathogenic fungi, Watermelon fusarium, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phomopsis asparagi, was investigated in vitro. The results indicated that the triple quaternized chitosan derivatives had enhanced antifungal activity when compared to double quaternized chitosan derivatives and chitosan, especially at 1.0 mg/mL, which confirmed the theory that the higher density of positive charge contributed to the antifungal activity. Moreover, 8 with an almost 99% inhibitory index showed the better antifungal activity against Watermelon fusarium. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the products was also evaluated in vitro on 3T3-L1 cells and all the triple quaternized chitosan derivatives exhibited low cytotoxicity. These results suggested that triple quaternized chitosan derivatives may be used as good antifungal biomaterials.

scholarly journals Synthesis, In vitro Antifungal and Antitumour Activity of Some Triorganotin(IV) N,C,N-Chelates

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Dostál ◽  
Aleš Růžička ◽  
Roman Jambor ◽  
Vladimír Buchta ◽  
Petra Kubanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Novel ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 ({[(CH3)2NCH2]2C6H3}R2SnX; (where X=Cl, R=n-Bu for 1, X=Br, R=n-Bu for 2 and x=PF6, R=n=Bu for 3)) was estimated with the help of a modified microdilution format of the M27-A guidelines and was compared with in vitro activity of their diphenyltin(IV) analogues 4 and 5 (where X=Br, R=Ph for 4 and X=PF6, R=Ph for 5), and of drugs currently in clinical use (ketoconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B). It was found that in coordinating solvents the more soluble derivative 2 is less active than the phenyl one (4), and compounds 1 and 3 are even inactive.In this paper, the in vitro antitumour activity of ionic diphenyltin(IV) complexes 4 and 5 against seven tumoural cell lines of human origin is also reported. The preparation and characterization (H1, C13 and Sn119 NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) of the novel compound 3 is mentioned too.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antiaging Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098793
Author(s):  
Nesrine Ouda Amari ◽  
Bienvenue Razafimandimby ◽  
Florence Auberon ◽  
Stephane Azoulay ◽  
Xavier Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Thymelaea Hirsuta

In western Algeria, Thymelaea hirsuta aerial parts are traditionally used topically for the treatment of human skin infections. For a better knowledge of its biological activities, this study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity and antiaging properties of several extracts of the aerial parts by in vitro assays. Antifungal activity was investigated by using the reference microbroth dilution method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) against the dermatophytes ( Microsporum audouinii, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton rubrum) and the yeast ( Candida albicans). Antiaging (inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyorazyl radical scavenging and tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities) assays were performed in 96-well plates. All the extracts of T. hirsuta exhibited antifungal activity against M. audouinii, T. rubrum, and C. albicans, while no activity was found against N. gypsea and T. interdigitale. The highest activity was observed on M. audouinii for the aqueous leaf (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 8 µg/mL) and stem extracts (MIC = 31 µg/mL) and the methanolic leaf extract (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Additionally, some marked morphological alterations were observed on M. audouinii hyphae with all aqueous extracts. Concerning antiage bioassays, the major activity was found against hyaluronidase for the aqueous and methanolic extracts from leaves and the methanolic extract from flowers. Analysis of this last extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowed us to identify daphnoretin and daphnetin as major components of this extract, and, therefore, responsible for the antiaging activity. In conclusion, this study provides additional experimental data supporting the traditional use of T. hirsuta extracts on some cutaneous dermatophytosis, as well as new perspectives on the potential use of T. hirsuta to ensure better healing of the skin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. extracts against Aspergillus flavus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Lucía S. Di Ciaccio ◽  
Alejandra V. Catalano ◽  
Paula G. López ◽  
Dante Rojas ◽  
Diego Cristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Esi Ms

Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous, saprophytic fungus, whose colonization occurs mainly in cereal grains and oilseeds once harvested. Under certain conditions, it could produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins, known as powerful human liver carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to describe the antifungal activity of extracts of Peltophorum dubium, a species from northern Argentina (Oriental Chaco), against A. flavus. The antifungal activities of different collection sites are reported. The extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 µg/mL, and the differences between the treatments and the inoculum control were 11 mm of P. dubium A and 10 mm of P. dubium F in colony growth. Moreover, hyphae treated with the extracts stained blue with Evans blue showed alterations in the membrane and/or cell wall, allowing the dye income. Bio-guided fractionation, High Performance Liquid Chromatography diode array ultraviolet/visible (HPLC UV/VIS DAD), and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC ESI-MS) analyses were conducted to characterize the extracts and their active fractions. The HPLC UV/VIS DAD analysis allowed the determination of the presence of flavonoids (flavonols and flavones), coumarins, terpenes, and steroids. UPLC ESI/MS analysis of active fractions revealed the presence of Kaempferol, Apigenin, Naringenin, Chrysin and Daidzein.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Monoolein-Based Liposomes of Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, Citral or Thymol with anti-Candida Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Miranda-Cadena ◽  
Marisol Dias ◽  
Augusto Costa-Barbosa ◽  
Tony Collins ◽  
Cristina Marcos-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Stock Solutions

There is an increasing need for novel drugs and new strategies for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. This study aimed to develop and characterize liposome-based nanoparticles of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral or thymol with anti-Candida activities. Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide- and monoolein-based liposomes in a 1:2 molar ratio were prepared using a lipid-film hydration method. Liposomes were assembled with equal volumes of liposomal stock dispersion and stock solutions of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral or thymol in dimethyl sulfoxide. Cytotoxicity was tested on RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vitro antifungal activity of liposomes with phytocompounds was evaluated according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology using clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida dubliniensis and Candida tropicalis. Finally, the ability of macrophage cells to kill Candida after the addition of phytocompounds and their nanoparticles was determined. Nanoparticles with 64 μg/ml of cinnamaldehyde, 256 μg/ml of citral and 128 μg/ml of thymol had the best characteristics among the formulations tested. Highest encapsulation efficiencies were achieved with citral (78 to 83%) and carvacrol (66 to 71%) liposomes. Carvacrol and thymol in liposome-based nanoparticles were non-toxic regardless of the concentration. Moreover, carvacrol and thymol maintained their antifungal activity after encapsulation and there was a significant reduction (∼ 41%) of yeast survival when macrophages were incubated with carvacrol or thymol liposomes. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol liposomes possess high stability, low cytotoxicity, and antifungal activity that acts synergistically with macrophages.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce K. Tsuzuki ◽  
Terezinha I.E. Svidzinski ◽  
Cristiane S. Shinobu ◽  
Luiz F.A. Silva ◽  
Edson Rodrigues-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria

Extracts from the dried pericarp of Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) fruits were investigated for their antifungal activity against clinical isolates of yeasts Candida albicans and C. non-albicans from vaginal secretions of women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Four clinical isolates of C. albicans, a single clinical isolated of each of the species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and the strain of C. albicans ATCC 90028 were used. The hydroalcoholic extract was bioactivity-directed against a clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis, and showed strong activity. The n-BuOH extract and one fraction showed strong activity against all isolates tested. Further column-chromatography on silica gel separation of this fraction afforded two pure triterpene acetylated saponins: 3-O-(4-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin (1) and 3-O-(3,4-di-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabynopyranosyl-hederagenin (2). The structures of the compounds were based on spectral data (¹H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and MS), and on with literature. The saponins isolated showed strong activity against C. parapsilosis.

scholarly journals Antifungal potential of improved crude extracts of Mitracarpus scaber (Zucc) against Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
E. K. Kporou ◽  
C. Ibourahema ◽  
A. J. Ackah ◽  
S. Ouattara
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate antifungal potential of improved crude extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc., an ivorian traditional medicinal plant against two species of clinical yeast isolates: Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii.Methods: For evaluation of antifungal activity, double dilution method in slope tubes was used. Crude extracts of M. scaber were prepared by extracting with a blender in aqueous and hydroalcohol. In first; Aqueous (XAq) and Hydroalcoholic (X0) extracts were evaluated, and secondary the crude extract X0 was improved by partition in mixture of aqueous and hexanic solvent 50:50 v/v. Each dried phase was also examined. A phytochemical screening has been performed on most active extracts.Results: In vitro antifungal activity showed that crude extract X0 was the most active with MIC = 6.25 mg/ml. Among the extracts obtained by partition from extract X0, extract X11 (Hexanic phase) was the better with lowest antifungal parameters MIC and MFC range between 1.562 mg/ml and 0.781 mg/ml and IC50 range between 0.73 mg/ml to 0.598 mg/ml. In addition, the most active extract contained only terpens and steroids.Conclusions: Antifungal activity of M. scaber was improved by partition of an hydroalcoholic extract (X0) in mixture hexane-water 50:50 v/v. Hexanic phase (X11) was more active against C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii.

In vitro Antifungal Activity of a 29-kDa Glycoprotein Purified from the Galls of Quercus infectoria

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamunarani ◽  
R. Jaganathan ◽  
R. Bhaskaran ◽  
P. Govindaraju ◽  
R. Velazhahan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Quercus Infectoria ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity
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