scholarly journals Intercalated Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid) into Sulfonated Poly (1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) Based Proton Exchange Membrane: Improved Ionic Conductivity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Prem P. Sharma ◽  
Dukjoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A series of hybrid proton exchange membranes were synthesized via in situ polymerization of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) PMPS with sulfonated poly (1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) (SPEES). The insertion of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) PMPS, between the rigid skeleton of SPEES plays a reinforcing role to enhance the ionic conductivity. The synthesized polymer was chemically characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate the successful grafting of PMPS with the pendent polymer chain of SPEES. A variety of physicochemical properties were also investigated such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, water uptake and swelling ratio to characterize the suitability of the formed polymer for various electrochemical applications. SP-PMPS-03, having the highest concentration of all PMPS, shows excellent proton conductivity of 0.089 S cm−1 at 80 °C which is much higher than SPEES which is ~0.049 S cm−1. Optimum water uptake and swelling ratio with high conductivity is mainly attributed to a less ordered arrangement polymer chain with high density of the functional group to facilitate ionic transport. The residual weight was 93.35, 92.44 and 89.56%, for SP-PMPS-01, 02 and 03, respectively, in tests with Fenton’s reagent after 24 h. In support of all above properties a good chemical and thermal stability was also achieved by SP-PMPS-03, owing to the durability for electrochemical application.

Effect of Bridging Groups on Sulfonated Poly(Imide-Siloxane) for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane of Fuel Cells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Jia-Ru Chen ◽  
Hung-Wei Shiu ◽  
Ko-Shan Ho ◽  
Shinn-Dar Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Bridging Groups ◽  
Poly Imide ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A series of six-membered sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s were synthesized using 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2,2-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), as the sulfonation target diamine groups, and various non-sulfonated diamine monomers behaving as bridging groups. The structure-property relationship of SPI-SXx membranes is discussed in details according to the chemical structure of the nvarious non-sulfonated diamines of SPI-SXx membranes from the viewpoints of proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and membranes properties (water uptake, membrane swelling) at equal PDMS content SPI-SXx. They showed good solubility and high thermal stability up to 300 °C. The PDMS was introduced to enhance the proton conductivity and water uptake attributed from the highly flexibility of the siloxane segments. They showed a comparable or even higher proton conductivity than that of Nafion 117 in water at 60 °C. The conductivity and water uptake of angled, SPI-SXm and ODA-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXO) are greater than those prepared from DDM-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXD) at a given IEC. These differences resulted from the increased numbers of entanglements of the flexibility membrane. The SPI-SXD showed alomost isotropically dimensional changes with the increases of water uptake and the volume were slightly smaller than those estimated from the additivity rule. Microscopic analyses revealed that these smaller (<10 nm) and well-dispersed hydrophilic domains contribute to the better proton conducting properties. The new sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s have proved to be a possible candidate as the polymer electrolyte membrane for PEFCs and DMFCs.

Preparation and Characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Based on Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)/Polyacrylonitrile (SPAES/PAN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Hang Wei ◽  
Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) s (SPAESs) exhibit good proton conductivity, thermal and mechanical properties, could act as candidates of proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. At the same time, the poor oxidative stability and excessive swelling ratio of SPAESs bring limitations for its further use. In this article, PAN was employed to mix with SPAES, and then SPAES/PAN blend membranes were prepared from the blend solution by casting. The water uptake, dimensional and oxidative stability, proton conductivity were measured with respect to the addition content of PAN, the phase morphology of the resultant SPAES/PAN were also observed by SEM. The results explained that the corporation of PAN into SPAES could reduce the water uptake and improve the oxidative stability of the obtained membranes compared with the pristine SPAES membrane. That the PAN phase distributed as separated domains in SPAES matrix was found, the interaction between SPAES and PAN may be present, which is responsible for the improvement of dimensional and oxidative stability. Although the proton conductivity of the blend membranes became reduced with increase of PAN content in the SPAES/PAN blend, the conductivity of 0.0265S/cm at 30°C could still be reached, satisfying the requirement for proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell

scholarly journals Ameliorated Performance of Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Block Copolymers with Increased Hydrophilic Oligomer Ratio in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 80% Relative Humidity

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ae Kim ◽  
Mohanraj Vinothkannan ◽  
Kyu Lee ◽  
Ji Chu ◽  
Sumg Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Poly Condensation ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

We designed and synthesized a series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES) with different hydrophilic or hydrophobic oligomer ratios using poly-condensation strategy. Afterward, we fabricated the corresponding membranes via a solution-casting approach. We verified the SPES membrane chemical structure using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and confirmed the resulting oligomer ratio. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) results revealed that we effectively attained phase separation of the SPES membrane along with an increased hydrophilic oligomer ratio. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg) and membrane elongation increased with the ratio of hydrophilic oligomers. SPES membranes with higher hydrophilic oligomer ratios exhibited superior water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, contact angle and water sorption, while retaining reasonable swelling degree. The proton conductivity results showed that SPES containing higher amounts of hydrophilic oligomers provided a 74.7 mS cm−1 proton conductivity at 90 °C, which is better than other SPES membranes, but slightly lower than that of Nafion-117 membrane. When integrating SPES membranes with proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at 60 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH), the PEMFC power density exhibited a similar increment-pattern like proton conductivity pattern.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonated Aromatic Polyamides for Proton Exchange Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 971-976
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Hu ◽  
Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Proper Values ◽  
Cell Series ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Sulfonated polymer membranes play an important role in PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell). Series of sulfonated polyamides were prepared by polycondensation of a CF3-containing diamine with various ratios of terephthalic acid and 5-Sodiosulfoisophthalic acid. Sulfonated polyamides were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR and intrinsic viscosity. The resulting polyamides exhibited outstanding thermal stability. Membranes were prepared by solution casting, then characterized by determining ion-exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity and mechanical properties. With the gradual growth of sulfonic acid groups from 70% to 100% (molar ratio), IEC increased to 1.0223meq/g, and proton conducticity reached up to 3.82×10-2S/cm, while water uptake and swelling ratio remained in proper values. And the tensile strength of membranes was beyond 46.63MPa, which showed very good perspectives in PEMFC applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Poly(diphenyl ether ketone sulfone)s Containing Dibenzoylbenzene Moiety for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
Md. Awlad Hossain ◽  
Young Don Lim ◽  
Dong Wan Seo ◽  
Soon Ho Lee ◽  
Hyun Chul Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Chlorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Sulfonated poly (diphenyl ether ketone sulfone) s, SPDPEKSs were successfully synthesized for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Poly (diphenyl ether ketone sulfone) s, PDPEKSs were prepared by the polycondensation of 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol with 1,2-bis (4-fluorobenzoyl)-3,6-diphenylbenzene (BFBDPB) and 4-fluorophenylsulfone respectively, at 210 °C using anhydrous potassium carbonate as catalyst in sulfolane. PDPEKSs were followed by sulfonation using chlorosulfonic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at two step reactions. Different contents of sulfonated unit of SPDPEKS (25, 35, 45 mol% of BFBDPB) were studied by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and proton conductivity of SPDPEKS were evaluated with increase of degree of sulfonation.

scholarly journals Composite Sulfonated Polyether-Ether Ketone Membranes with SBA-15 for Electrochemical Energy Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rico-Zavala ◽  
J. L. Pineda-Delgado ◽  
A. Carbone ◽  
A. Saccà ◽  
E. Passalacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

The aim of this work is the evaluation of a Sulfonated Poly Ether-Ether Ketone (S-PEEK) polymer modified by the addition of pure Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15, mesoporous silica) and SBA-15 previously impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PWA) fillers (PWA/SBA-15) in order to prepare composite membranes as an alternative to conventional Nafion® membranes. This component is intended to be used as an electrolyte in electrochemical energy systems such as hydrogen and methanol Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumping (EHP). The common requirements for all the applications are high proton conductivity, thermomechanical stability, and fuel and oxidant impermeability. The morphology of the composite membranes was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. Water Uptake (Wup), Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol permeability and other physicochemical properties were evaluated. In PEMFC tests, the S-PEEK membrane with a 10 wt.% SBA-15 loading showed the highest performance. For EHP, the inclusion of inorganic materials led to a back-diffusion, limiting the compression capacity. Concerning methanol permeability, the lowest methanol crossover corresponded to the composites containing 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% SBA-15.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Highly Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether) Containing Multiphenyl for Proton Exchange Membrane Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chiang Huang ◽  
Ruei-Hong Tai ◽  
Hsu-Feng Lee ◽  
Po-Hsun Wang ◽  
Ram Gopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A series of sterically hindered, sulfonated, poly(arylene ether) polymers were synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation reaction using 4,4′′′′-difluoro-3,3′′′′-bistrifluoromethyl-2′′,3′′,5′′,6′′-tetraphenyl-[1,1′;4′,1′′;4′′,1′′′;4′′′,1′′′′]-pentaphenyl and 4,4′-biphenol and were prepared through postpolymerization sulfonation. The chemical structures were confirmed by1H NMR. Subsequent to sulfonation, solvent-casting membranes were provided ion exchange capacity (IEC) values ranging from 0.39 to 2.90 mmol/g. Proton conductivities of membranes ranged from 143 to 228 mS/cm at 80°C under fully humidified conditions which were higher than that of Nafion 117. The membrane also exhibited considerably dimension stability, oxidative stability, and hydrolytic stability. The microphase structure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the ionic aggregation of sulfonic acid groups exhibited spherical ionic clusters with well-developed phase separated morphology. The results indicated that the membranes are promising candidates for application as proton exchange membranes. This investigation demonstrates introducing multiphenylated moieties to create a high free volume polymer that provides dimensionally stable and high proton conductivity membranes.

Characterization of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) as Proton Exchange Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
Hai Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Ying Yang ◽  
Cheng Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The membrane properties of block copolymers including ion exchange capacities (IECs), water uptake and proton conductivities were characterized for the multiblock copolymers and compared with random sulfonated poly (arylene ether) s and other multiblock copolymer membranes at similar ion exchange capacity value. This series of multiblock copolymers showed moderate conductivities up to 0.063 S/cm at 80 °C with very low water uptake of 19%. Therefore, they are considered to be promising PEM materials for fuel cells.

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