scholarly journals Current Advances in the Bacterial Toolbox for the Biotechnological Production of Monoterpene-Based Aroma Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Pedro Soares-Castro ◽  
Filipa Soares ◽  
Pedro M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stereo Selectivity ◽  
Economic Constraints

Monoterpenes are plant secondary metabolites, widely used in industrial processes as precursors of important aroma compounds, such as vanillin and (−)-menthol. However, the physicochemical properties of monoterpenes make difficult their conventional conversion into value-added aromas. Biocatalysis, either by using whole cells or enzymes, may overcome such drawbacks in terms of purity of the final product, ecological and economic constraints of the current catalysis processes or extraction from plant material. In particular, the ability of oxidative enzymes (e.g., oxygenases) to modify the monoterpene backbone, with high regio- and stereo-selectivity, is attractive for the production of “natural” aromas for the flavor and fragrances industries. We review the research efforts carried out in the molecular analysis of bacterial monoterpene catabolic pathways and biochemical characterization of the respective key oxidative enzymes, with particular focus on the most relevant precursors, β-pinene, limonene and β-myrcene. The presented overview of the current state of art demonstrates that the specialized enzymatic repertoires of monoterpene-catabolizing bacteria are expanding the toolbox towards the tailored and sustainable biotechnological production of values-added aroma compounds (e.g., isonovalal, α-terpineol, and carvone isomers) whose implementation must be supported by the current advances in systems biology and metabolic engineering approaches.

Biotechnological Production of Taxol and Related Taxoids: Current State and Prospects

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Exposito ◽  
M. Bonfill ◽  
E. Moyano ◽  
M. Onrubia ◽  
M. Mirjalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Current State

Characterization of squalene epoxidase activity from the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and its inhibition by terbinafine and other antimycotic agents.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Favre ◽  
N S Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Tertiary Amino

Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the primary target of the allylamine antimycotic agents terbinafine and naftifine and also of the thiocarbamates. Although all of these drugs are employed primarily in dermatological therapy, SE from dermatophyte fungi has not been previously investigated. We report here the biochemical characterization of SE activity from Trichophyton rubrum and the effects of terbinafine and other inhibitors. Microsomal SE activity from T. rubrum was not dependent on soluble cytoplasmic factors but had an absolute requirement for NADPH or NADH and was stimulated by flavin adenine dinucleotide. Kinetic analyses revealed that under optimal conditions the Km for squalene was 13 microM and its Vmax was 0.71 nmol/h/mg of protein. Terbinafine was the most potent inhibitor tested, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.8 nM. This inhibition was noncompetitive with regard to the substrate squalene. A structure-activity relationship study with some analogs of terbinafine indicated that the tertiary amino structure of terbinafine was crucial for its high potency, as well as the tert-alkyl side chain. Naftifine had a lower potency (IC50, 114.6 nM) than terbinafine. Inhibition was also demonstrated by the thiocarbamates tolciclate (IC50, 28.0 nM) and tolnaftate (IC50, 51.5 nM). Interestingly, the morpholine amorolfine also displayed a weak but significant effect (IC50, 30 microM). T. rubrum SE was only slightly more sensitive (approximately twofold) to terbinafine inhibition than was the Candida albicans enzyme. Therefore, this difference cannot fully explain the much higher susceptibility (> or = 100-fold) of dermatophytes than of yeasts to this drug. The sensitivity to terbinafine of ergosterol biosynthesis in whole cells of T. rubrum (IC50, 1.5 nM) is 10-fold higher than that of SE activity, suggesting that the drug accumulates in the fungus.

scholarly journals Improving Quality Control Process Through Value Stream Mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Zulfa Fitri Ikatrinasari ◽  
Dan Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future State ◽  
Quality Control Process

PT. AEMI is one of the growing electronic component manufacturing company. By this time, Kaizen project has been run and managed to become a culture in PT AEMI. However, the project has not integrated, comprehensive and not yet has a long-term goals. Implementation of value stream mapping (VSM) in PT AEMI is expected to make Kaizen projects more focused and to produce increasing of the maximum efficiency. In addition, VSM Kaizen is believed to make the those programs more integrated, effective and comprehensive. This study aims to: (1) create a current state mapping in the Department of Quality Control PT. AEMI, (2) identify wastes in the Department of Quality Control PT.AEMI, (3) create a future state mapping at the Department of Quality Control PT. AEMI, (4) make a plan of improvement and analyzing the application. Stages of the study were as follows: (1) identification of work processes, (2) collect and analysis of work process time, (3) analysis of the current state mapping, (4) calculate of lead time and process time, (5) analysis of value added and non value-added activities, (6) analysis of wastes, (7) make a plan of future state mapping, (8) improvement design (improvement planning), (9) implementation of improvement, (10) analysis of the implementation of improvements. The results of this study are: 1) current state mapping at QC Department shows that the total lead time of 848 minutes where there is non-value added activity of 778 minutes. 2) identify waste on the handling process where the product movement from assembly to QC for 2 minutes, movement transactions from assembly to QC for 479 minutes and the waiting time at  inspection area for 727 minutes. 3) future state mapping at QC Department shows that the total lead time of 516.5 minutes where there is non-value added activity of 446.5 minutes. 4) the improvement to do is to change the lay out where final inspection is moved from QC to manufacturing so as to result in reduce of non-value added activity by 46%. 

scholarly journals Perbaikan Efisiensi Jalur Layanan Pasien Rumah Sakit dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Lean Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
Wresni Anggraini ◽  
Anifah Naswan Ilhamda
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future State ◽  
Lean Healthcare ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Standar pelayanan minimal rumah sakit tentang waktu tunggu untuk rawat jalan yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes Nomor. 129/Menkes/SK/II/2008 adalah tidak lebih dari 60 menit.  Masalah yang dihadapi oleh Poli Tulip Rumah Sakit X Pekanbaru adalah waktu menunggu pasien lebih dari 60 menit.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan usulan perbaikan untuk mengurangi waktu tunggu pasien.. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  lean healthcare menggunakan analisis Value Stream Mapping (VSM) untuk menentukan nilai Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE). Berdasarkan current state value stream mapping nilai PCE saat ini adalah 16,85%, ini berarti efisiensi lini pada Poli Tulip Rumah Sakit X Pekanbaru masih sangat rendah. Proses usulan perbaikan efisiensi lini dengan cara mengidentifikasi dan mengurangi non value added activity dan waste yang paling sering terjadi pada proses pelayanan pasien. Ditemukan waste yang berpengaruh menyebabkan waste delay adalah waste unnecessary movement dan lost oppurtunity to retain or win customers yaitu sebesar 22,11%. Untuk mencari akar penyebab waste dilakukan root cause analysis. Akar penyebab masalah dari waste yang terjadi di lini pelayanan pasien bersumber dari faktor individual pegawai dan manajerial Rumah Sakit. Simulasi future state value stream mapping dengan menggunakan ARENA dilakukan untuk menguji usulan perbaikan, didapatkan  nilai PCE harapan sebesar 36,18 %, yang berarti dengan usulan perbaikan yang diberikan telah meningkatkan efisiensi jalur layanan pasien di Poli Tulip sebesar 19,33%.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Zuzana Stofkova ◽  
Peter Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared. Purpose of the article: There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views. Methods: Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey. Findings & Value added: The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.

scholarly journals Increasing Productivity by Reducing Manufacturing Lead Time through Value Stream Mapping

2012 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Ashish Shastri ◽  
Mithlesh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Business World ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future State

To survive in today’s competitive business world, companies require small lead times, low costs and high customer service levels. As such, companies pay more effort to reduce their manufacturing lead times. Value stream mapping (VSM) technique has been used on a broad scale in big companies such as Toyota and Boeing. This paper considers the implementation of value stream mapping technique in manufacturing helical springs by railway spring manufacturing company. It focuses on product family, current state map improvements and the future state map. The aim is to identify waste in the form of non value added activities & processes and then removing them to improve the performance of the company. Current state map is prepared to describe the existing position and various problem areas.. Future state map is prepared to show the proposed improvement action plans. The achievements of value stream implementation are reduction in lead time, cycle time and inventory level. It was found that even a small company can make significant improvements by adopting VSM technology. It was concluded that if we adopt the VSM technique the company could reduce the manufacturing lead time from 36.86 days to 34.06 days.

Biotechnological production of cellulose by acetic acid bacteria: current state and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (16) ◽  
pp. 6885-6898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gullo ◽  
Salvatore La China ◽  
Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone ◽  
Paolo Giudici
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 4943-4960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace ◽  
Andrea Endimiani ◽  
Magdalena A. Taracila ◽  
Robert A. Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Current State ◽  
Initial Discovery

ABSTRACTIn this review, we summarize the current “state of the art” of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the β-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases, in some cases act as “slow substrates” or inhibitors of β-lactamases, and still target penicillin binding proteins. This “value-added feature” of inhibiting β-lactamases serves as a major rationale for expansion of this class of β-lactams. We describe the initial discovery and development of the carbapenem family of β-lactams. Of the early carbapenems evaluated, thienamycin demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity and became the parent compound for all subsequent carbapenems. To date, more than 80 compounds with mostly improved antimicrobial properties, compared to those of thienamycin, are described in the literature. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges and urge the medicinal chemist to continue development of these versatile and potent compounds, as they have served us well for more than 3 decades.

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