scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption and Functional Value of Iron Dietary Supplements and Drug with Different Delivery Systems

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5989
Author(s):  
Paolo Pastore ◽  
Marco Roverso ◽  
Erik Tedesco ◽  
Marta Micheletto ◽  
Etienne Mantovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplements

Iron is a fundament micronutrient, whose homeostasis is strictly regulated. Iron deficiency anemia is among the most widespread nutritional deficiencies and its therapy, based on dietary supplement and drugs, may lead to severe side effects. With the aim of improving iron bioavailability while reducing iron oral therapy side effects, novel dietary supplements based on innovative technologies—microencapsulation, liposomes, sucrosomes—have been produced and marketed. In the present work, six iron dietary supplements for different therapeutic targets were compared in terms of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and safety by using an integrated in vitro approach. For general-purpose iron supplements, ME + VitC (microencapsulated) showed a fast, burst intestinal iron absorption kinetic, which maintained iron bioavailability and ferritin expression constant over time. SS + VitC (sucrosomes), on the other side, showed a slower, time-dependent iron absorption and ferritin expression trend. ME + Folate (microencapsulated) showed a behavior similar to that of ME + VitC, albeit with a lower bioavailability. Among pediatric iron supplements, a time-dependent bioavailability increase was observed for LS (liposome), while PIC (polydextrose-iron complex) bioavailability is severely limited by its poor bioaccessibility. Finally, except for SS + VitC, no adverse effects on intestinal mucosa vitality and barrier integrity were observed. Considering obtained results and the different therapeutic targets, microencapsulation-based formulations are endowed with better performance compared to the other formulations. Furthermore, performances of microencapsulated products were obtained with a lower iron daily dose, limiting the potential onset of side effects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Non-transferrin Bound Iron After Oral Ferrous Sulfate and Iron-enriched Aspergillus Oryzae Supplementation in Women (P24-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bries ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Brian Wels ◽  
Isaac Agbemafle ◽  
Olivia Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplements

Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a widespread nutritional deficiency. Iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) is the most common strategy to treat IDA; however, the compliance with daily FeSO4 administration is poor, due to contraindicating side effects. Previously, we have reported that A. oryzae (Ultimine®; ULT) is a novel iron source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the biochemical assessment, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) and commonly related gastrointestinal side effects to assess the safety of A. oryzae compared to FeSO4. Methods Female participants (n = 16) with serum ferritin concentrations 40 µg/L were randomized to a double-blind, 9-wk cross-over study with a 3-wk placebo washout period between treatments. Oral iron supplements (65 mg Fe), FeSO4 and ULT were administered for 21 consecutive days for each subject. Side effect questionnaires were collected 3d/wk over the 9-wk study period. Side effects and biochemical markers (nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain, fatigue, headache, diarrhea, constipation, oxidative stress and liver and kidney function) from iron supplementation were evaluated, along with serum iron, % transferrin saturation (TS) and NBTI 8 h curves. Results Serum iron, TS, and NTBI were all markedly higher with FeSO4 at each time-point from 2–8 hours (P < 0.001) compared to ULT, whereas NTBI was undetected. Among treatments, FeSO4 resulted in higher inflammation, though not statistically significant. Compliance based on returned pills was higher with ULT (97.3%) than placebo and FeSO4 (95.2% and 93.2%, respectively). Subjects taking FeSO4 reported abdominal discomfort 2% more than ULT, which was not significantly different. FeSO4 caused marginally higher incidence of combined nauseation, constipation and diarrhea when subjects were taking FeSO4 (P < 0.07). Iron status was maintained similarly by both oral iron supplements. Oxidative stress, inflammation, kidney and liver function markers were not elevated with ULT supplementation, suggesting safety of its consumption. Conclusions Better compliance and less gastrointestinal related side effects were reported with ULT compared to FeSO4, while maintaining normal iron status. Our data suggests ULT is a safe oral iron supplement for treatment of IDA. Funding Sources Cura Global Health, Inc.

scholarly journals Pancytopenia as a Presentation of Iron Deficiency: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Hossein Karami ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Naderisorki ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi ◽  
Mobin Ghazaiean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cold Intolerance ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.

scholarly journals Compliance of Iron Supplementation during pregnancy and factors effecting compliance.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2128-2134
Author(s):  
Haroon ur Rashid ◽  
Sheraz Saleem ◽  
Khan Muhammad Babar ◽  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Hina Younis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Iron Supplements

Objectives: This study aims at measuring compliance to iron supplements because iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is worldwide problem among pregnant women, so Iron supplements are advised usually in once daily regimen but compliance to iron supplements therapy is a major problem due to possible side effects and long-term duration of therapy. Study Design: Retrospective questionnaire-based study. Setting: Mola Bakhsh Hospitals, Sargodha, Pakistan, Period: From February to December, 2018. Material & Methods: This study was design to check compliance to iron supplementation during pregnancy and various factors related to directly and indirectly noncompliance to iron supplementation. A total of 267 pregnant females were recruited in study. Data was collected through a questionnaire translated in local language. On this basis sample population was divided into three groups compliant, partially compliant and non-compliant major factors associated with the prevalence of anemia and non-compliance to iron supplements were education, side effects, financial issues, forgetfulness, personal beliefs, disliking of pharmaceutical preparation etc. Results: After thorough analysis it was found that iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in about 64% of females in the third trimester. Improvement in Hb level in third trimester compared to 1st trimester was taken as parameter for measurement of compliance. Conclusion: side effects due these iron supplements and certain human habits act as hurdle to fight anemia during pregnancy and to eradicate these hurdles certain steps like education of women about anemia, its causes, health implication and imparting nutritional education with special emphasis to improve dietary intake of proteins and iron.

scholarly journals Prediction of human iron bioavailability using rapid c-ELISAs for human plasma hepcidin

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole U. Stoffel ◽  
Christophe Zeder ◽  
Eloïse Fort ◽  
Dorine W. Swinkels ◽  
Michael B. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Abstract Background: Hepcidin is the central systemic regulator of iron metabolism, but its quantification in biological fluids is challenging. Rapid, accurate and user-friendly methods are needed. Our aim was to assess the ability of hepcidin as measured by three different c-ELISA assays to predict iron bioavailability in humans. Methods: The three assays used were commercially available DRG and Peninsula assays and the c-ELISA method performed at Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Hepcidinanalysis.com), validated by comparative measurements with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We analyzed plasma samples (n=37) selected to represent a broad range of hepcidin concentrations from a subgroup of healthy, iron-depleted women in a study assessing fractional absorption from iron supplements. Results: In single regressions, all three c-ELISA assays were predictors of fractional iron absorption: R2=0.363 (DRG), R2=0.281 (Peninsula) and R2=0.327 (Hepcidinanalysis.com). In multiple regressions, models including hepcidin measured with either DRG-, Peninsula or Hepcidinanalysis.com explained 55.7%, 44.5% and 52.5% of variance in fractional absorption, and hepcidin was a strong predictor of fractional absorption irrespective of the hepcidin assays used. However, we found significant differences in absolute values for hepcidin between different methods. Both the DRG assay’s (y=0.61x+0.87; R2=0.873) and the Peninsula assay’s measurements (y=1.88x+0.62; R2=0.770) were correlated with Hepcidinanalysis.com. Conclusions: The biological variability in plasma hepcidin, (inter-sample CV) was 5–10-fold higher for both the Peninsula and DRG assay than the analytical variably (inter-run within-sample CV) suggesting substantial discriminatory power to distinguish biological hepcidin variation. Between methods, prediction of iron bioavailability in generally healthy iron depleted subjects appears comparable.

scholarly journals An Overview of Methods for Assessment of Iron Bioavailability from Foods Nutritionally Enhanced Through Biotechnology

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1480-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A Cockell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia continue to be significant public health problems worldwide. While supplementation and fortification have been viable means to improve iron nutriture of the population in developed countries, they may be less successful in developing regions for a number of reasons, including complexities in distribution and consumer compliance. Biofortification of staple crops, through conventional plant breeding strategies or modern methods of biotechnology, provides an alternative approach that may be more sustainable once initial investments have been made. Three types of biofortification strategies are being essayed, singly or in combination: increasing the total iron content of edible portions of the plant, decreasing the levels of inhibitors of iron absorption, and increasing the levels of factors that enhance iron absorption. Bioavailability is a key concept in iron nutrition, particularly for nonheme iron such as is found in these biofortified foods. An overview is presented of methods for evaluation of iron bioavailability from foods nutritionally enhanced through biotechnology.

Herbs as a dietary source of iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Swarnim Gupta ◽  
Krishnapillai Madhavan Nair ◽  
Ravinder Punjal ◽  
Ananthan Rajendran ◽  
Raghu Pullakhandam
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amaranthus Paniculatus

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to screen for iron bioavailability and absorption-promoting activity in selected herbs. Evidence is needed to promote and practice food-based strategies such as use of plants or their parts for treating iron deficiency anemia. Design/methodology/approach – Eight Indian herbs, considered to be iron rich and/or hematinic, namely, Boerhavia diffusa, Trachyspermum ammi, Amaranthus paniculatus, Lepidium sativum, Medicago sativa, Asparagus racemosus, Sesamum indicum and Piper longum, were selected. Their mineral composition and phytate and tannin contents were analyzed. Endogenous iron bioavailability was assessed in human enterocyte cell line model, Caco-2 cells, using cellular ferritin induction. Iron absorption-promoting activity was tested similarly in two herbs and their mineral extract by the addition of exogenous iron or ascorbic acid. Findings – Based on compositional analysis, B. diffusa, L. sativum and T. ammi had high iron (> 40 mg/100 g) and tannin/phytate. A. paniculatus, M. sativa, P. longum, S. indicum had low iron (10-15 mg/100 g) with high phytate and tannin. A. racemosus had 38 mg/100 g iron and low phytate and tannin. None of the herbs induced Caco-2 cell ferritin, indicating poor endogenous iron bioavailability. Mineral solutions of, two contrasting herbs (inhibitor content), B. diffusa and A. racemosus induced ferritin with ascorbic acid and not with exogenous iron, suggesting that these are devoid of iron absorption-promoting activity. Practical implications – Incorporation of such herbs in diets may enhance iron content but not its bioavailability. Originality/value – Selected edible herbs have been screened for iron bioavailability and its absorption-promoting activity. This has implications in planning evidence-based strategies to correct iron deficiency in general population.

scholarly journals Relationship between Down-Regulation of Copper-Related Genes and Decreased Ferroportin Protein Level in the Duodenum of Iron-Deficient Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Aneta Jończy ◽  
Rafał Mazgaj ◽  
Rafał Radosław Starzyński ◽  
Piotr Poznański ◽  
Mateusz Szudzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Copper Distribution ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Neonatal Iron Deficiency

In mammals, 2 × 1012 red blood cells (RBCs) are produced every day in the bone marrow to ensure a constant supply of iron to maintain effective erythropoiesis. Impaired iron absorption in the duodenum and inefficient iron reutilization from senescent RBCs by macrophages contribute to the development of anemia. Ferroportin (Fpn), the only known cellular iron exporter, as well as hephaestin (Heph) and ceruloplasmin, two copper-dependent ferroxidases involved in the above-mentioned processes, are key elements of the interaction between copper and iron metabolisms. Crosslinks between these metals have been known for many years, but metabolic effects of one on the other have not been elucidated to date. Neonatal iron deficiency anemia in piglets provides an interesting model for studying this interplay. In duodenal enterocytes of young anemic piglets, we identified iron deposits and demonstrated increased expression of ferritin with a concomitant decline in both Fpn and Heph expression. We postulated that the underlying mechanism involves changes in copper distribution within enterocytes as a result of decreased expression of the copper transporter—Atp7b. Obtained results strongly suggest that regulation of iron absorption within enterocytes is based on the interaction between proteins of copper and iron metabolisms and outcompetes systemic regulation.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin Efficacy versus Ferrous Sulfate in Treatment of Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e199-e204
Author(s):  
Osama Mahmoud El-Asheer ◽  
Ahmed Gaber Ahmed ◽  
Zainab AbdelAal Abdel Hafez ◽  
Marwa AbdelHafiz Dahpy ◽  
Amal AbdElSalam Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Clinical Benefits

AbstractLactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding globular glycoprotein that is structurally and chemically similar to serum transferrin. Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of oral LF administration on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with controversial results. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of LF versus oral ferrous sulfate (OFS) therapy in the treatment of children with IDA. A significant increase in mean hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations was noted in the group that received oral bovine LF (11.06 ± 0.96 and 42.79 ± 6.14, respectively) versus the group that received OFS (10.24 ± 0.57 and 28.94 ± 5.05, respectively, with p < 0.001 for each) after 30 days of the treatment with fewer side effects (9.3 vs. 33.3% with p = 0.043). Oral bovine LF is a more effective and safer alternative in treating iron deficiency and IDA compared with OFS with clinical benefits of fewer side effects and better patient compliance.

scholarly journals New findings on iron absorption conditioning factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Cândida Pereira ◽  
Alcides da Silva Diniz ◽  
Luiz Oscar Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
The Impact

The authors focus iron intake regulation in the body and the probable mechanisms related to iron absorption. They analyze the impact of iron absorption deficiency resulting in iron deficiency anemia, a public health issue of great impact in the world influencing child and maternal health risk increase. This paper aims at highlighting the problems affecting the uptake or inhibiting processes of iron absorption in an attempt to correlate information on conditioning factors and current findings. This study is a document based descriptive study comprising literature review. In food, iron has different forms, such as the heme and non-heme forms following different absorption pathways with different efficiency rates, depending on conditioning factors, such as diet profile, physiological aspects, iron chemical state, absorption regulation, transportation, storing, excretion and the presence of disease, They also discuss the current difficulties in dealing with iron nutritional deficiency in vulnerable groups, children and pregnant women, and focus data on iron consumption, adhesion to breast feeding and the frequency of prenatal care visits.

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