scholarly journals Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5961
Author(s):  
Saravut Satitsri ◽  
Chatchai Muanprasat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Chain Polymer ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Long Chain

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.

scholarly journals Core–Shell Fibers: Design, Roles, and Controllable Release Strategies in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faiq Abdullah ◽  
Tamrin Nuge ◽  
Andri Andriyana ◽  
Bee Chin Ang ◽  
Farina Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Controllable Release ◽  
Future Direction

The key attributes of core–shell fibers are their ability to preserve bioactivity of incorporated-sensitive biomolecules (such as drug, protein, and growth factor) and subsequently control biomolecule release to the targeted microenvironments to achieve therapeutic effects. Such qualities are highly favorable for tissue engineering and drug delivery, and these features are not able to be offered by monolithic fibers. In this review, we begin with an overview on design requirement of core–shell fibers, followed by the summary of recent preparation methods of core–shell fibers, with focus on electrospinning-based techniques and other newly discovered fabrication approaches. We then highlight the importance and roles of core–shell fibers in tissue engineering and drug delivery, accompanied by thorough discussion on controllable release strategies of the incorporated bioactive molecules from the fibers. Ultimately, we touch on core–shell fibers-related challenges and offer perspectives on their future direction towards clinical applications.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Modern Excipients for Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Nayela Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Polymer Compatibility ◽  
Nanoparticles Stability ◽  
Delivery Approach

Using the drug delivery approach, we explain the role lipids and polymers perform in the delivery of gold nanoparticles. They were tested alongside drug and polymer compatibility using pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The collected data demonstrate the production of gold nanoparticles' stability and strong therapeutic effects. We illustrate some of the intriguing categories of targeting systems for the delivery of Au G Nanoparticles that are under development. Polymers containing reactive functional groups to combine targeting binding sites, cell receptors, or drugs are also coated with nanoparticles engineered for biomedical applications. The present review focuses on utilization of modern excipients, lipids, polymers in formulation of delivery systems that can efficiently delivery the gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles have outranged in their use for treating wide health diseases with limited side effects. The next generation medical deliverables are majorly focused on gold nanoparticles. Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, Lipids, Polymers, Delivery systems, Excipients, Diseases.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Biomedical Applications of Natural Polymers for Drug Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Chifiriuc ◽  
Alexandru Grumezescu ◽  
Valentina Grumezescu ◽  
Eugenia Bezirtzoglou ◽  
Veronica Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Natural Polymers

Rediscovering Tocophersolan: a renaissance for nano-based drug delivery and nanotheranostic applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Pius Wande ◽  
Qin Cui ◽  
Shijie Chen ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Hui Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Permeation Enhancer ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Anticancer Compound

: As a unique and pleiotropic polymer, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Tocophersolan) is a polymeric synthetic version of vitamin E. Tocophersolan has attracted enormous attention as a versatile excipient in different biomedical applications including drug delivery systems and nutraceuticals. The multiple inherent properties of Tocophersolan make it play flexible roles in drug delivery system design, including excipients with outstanding biocompatibility, solubilizer with the ability of promoting drug dissolution, drug permeation enhancer, P-glycoprotein inhibitor and anticancer compound. For these reasons, Tocophersolan has been widely used for improving the bioavailability of numerous pharmaceutical active ingredients. Tocophersolan has been approved by stringent regulatory authorities (such as US FDA, EMA, and PMDA) as a safe pharmaceutical excipient. In this review, we systematically curated current advances in nano-based delivery systems consisting of Tocophersolan with possibilities for futuristic applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and nanotheranostic.

The Smart Dual-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Controlled AntiTumor Drug Release and Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Fei Qiu ◽  
Siew Anthony Wai-Keong ◽  
Yong Diao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Excellent Control

Background: In recent years, the emergence of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles makes drug delivery more efficient. As an intelligent and effective targeted delivery platform, it can reduce the side effects generated during drug transportation while enhancing the treatment efficacy. The stimuli-responsive nanoparticles can respond to different stimuli at corresponding times and locations to deliver and release their drugs and associated therapeutic effects. Objective: This review aims to inform researchers on the latest advances in the application of dual-stimuli responsive nanoparticles in precise drug delivery, with special attention to their design, drug release properties, and therapeutic effects. Syntheses of nanoparticles with simultaneous or sequential responses to two or more stimuli (pH-redox, pH-light, redoxlight, temperature-magnetic, pH-redox-temperature, redox-enzyme-light, etc.) and the applications of such responsivity properties for drugs control and release have become a hot topic of recent research. Methods: A database of relevant information for the production of this review was sourced, screened and analyzed from Pubmed, Web of Science, SciFinder by searching for the following keywords: “dual-stimuli responsive”, “controlled release”, “cancer therapy”, “synergistic treatment”. Results: Notably, the nanoparticles with dual-stimuli responsive function have an excellent control effect on drug delivery and release, playing a crucial part in the treatment of tumors. They can improve the encapsulation and delivery efficiency of hydrophobic chemotherapy drugs, combine chemo-photothermal therapies, apply imaging function in the diagnosis of tumors and even conduct multi-drugs delivery to overcome multi-drugs resistance (MDR). Conclusion: With the development of smart dual-stimuli responsive nanoparticles, cancer treatment methods will become more diverse and effective. All the stimuli-responsive nanoparticles functionalities exhibited their characteristics individually within the single nanosystem.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Glycol Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Nigella sativa Extract: A Smart Antibacterial Therapeutic Drug Delivery System

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Mustafa A. Jihad ◽  
Farah T. M. Noori ◽  
Majid S. Jabir ◽  
Salim Albukhaty ◽  
Faizah A. AlMalki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Seed Extract

Flaky graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Hummer’s method and then capped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) by an esterification reaction, then loaded with Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed extract. Aiming to investigate their potential use as a smart drug delivery system against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the spectral and structural characteristics of GO-PEG NPs were comprehensively analyzed by XRD, AFM, TEM, FTIR, and UV- Vis. XRD patterns revealed that GO-PEG had different crystalline structures and defects, as well as a higher interlayer spacing. AFM results showed GONPs with the main grain size of 24.41 nm, while GONPs–PEG revealed graphene oxide aggregation with the main grain size of 287.04 nm after loading N. sativa seed extract, which was verified by TEM examination. A strong OH bond appeared in FTIR spectra. Furthermore, UV- Vis absorbance peaks at (275, 284, 324, and 327) nm seemed to be correlated with GONPs, GO–PEG, N. sativa seed extract, and GO –PEG- N. sativa extract. The drug delivery system was observed to destroy the bacteria by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability.

scholarly journals Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosira weissflogii as a Reference Resource and Mining of Chitin-Related Genes

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Haomiao Cheng ◽  
Chris Bowler ◽  
Xiaohui Xing ◽  
Vincent Bulone ◽  
Zhanru Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Glycosidic Linkage ◽  
Thalassiosira Weissflogii ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Pacbio Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Simple Sequence

β-Chitin produced by diatoms is expected to have significant economic and ecological value due to its structure, which consists of parallel chains of chitin, its properties and the high abundance of diatoms. Nevertheless, few studies have functionally characterised chitin-related genes in diatoms owing to the lack of omics-based information. In this study, we first compared the chitin content of three representative Thalassiosira species. Cell wall glycosidic linkage analysis and chitin/chitosan staining assays showed that Thalassiosira weissflogii was an appropriate candidate chitin producer. A full-length (FL) transcriptome of T. weissflogii was obtained via PacBio sequencing. In total, the FL transcriptome comprised 23,362 annotated unigenes, 710 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 363 transcription factors (TFs), 3113 alternative splicing (AS) events and 3295 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). More specifically, 234 genes related to chitin metabolism were identified and the complete biosynthetic pathways of chitin and chitosan were explored. The information presented here will facilitate T. weissflogii molecular research and the exploitation of β-chitin-derived high-value enzymes and products.

scholarly journals The effects of cononsolvents on the synthesis of responsive particles via polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Morales-Moctezuma ◽  
Sebastian G Spain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications

Nanogels have emerged as innovative platforms for numerous biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, biosensors, imaging, and tissue engineering. Polymerisation-induced thermal self-assembly (PITSA) has been shown to be suitable...

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