scholarly journals Promising Roles of Alternative Medicine and Plant-Based Nanotechnology as Remedies for Urinary Tract Infections

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5593
Author(s):  
Harish Chandra ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
Saurabh Yadav ◽  
Abhay P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections worldwide, having an incidence rate of 40−60% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder in adult women is 30 times more than in men. UTIs are usually found in many hospitals and clinical practice; as disorders, they are complicated and uncomplicated; in uncomplicated cases, there is no structural or functional abnormality in the urogenital tract. However, obstruction, retention of urine flow and use of catheters increase the complexity. There are several bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, etc.) successfully residing in the tract. The diagnosis must not only be accurate but rapid, so early detection is an important step in the control of UTIs caused by uropathogens. The treatment of UTIs includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy to control the infection and kill the causal microbes inside the body. A long-time usage of antibiotics has resulted in multidrug resistance causing an impediment in treatment. Thus, alternative, combinatorial medication approaches have given some hope. Available treatments considered Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based drugs. There are new upcoming roles of nanoparticles in combating UTIs which needs further validation. The role of medicinal plant-based nanotechnology approaches has shown promising results. Therefore, there must be active research in phyto-based therapies of UTIs, such as Ayurvedic Biology.

scholarly journals Role of Urinary Cathelicidin LL-37 and Human β-Defensin 1 in Uncomplicated Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1572-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Nielsen ◽  
Pia Dynesen ◽  
Preben Larsen ◽  
Lotte Jakobsen ◽  
Paal S. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTCathelicidin (LL-37) and human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) are important components of the innate defense in the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to characterize whether these peptides are important for developing uncomplicatedEscherichia coliurinary tract infections (UTIs). This was investigated by comparing urinary peptide levels of UTI patients during and after infection to those of controls, as well as characterizing the fecal flora of participants with respect to susceptibility to LL-37 andin vivovirulence. Forty-seven UTI patients and 50 controls who had never had a UTI were included. Participants were otherwise healthy, premenopausal, adult women. LL-37 MIC levels were compared for fecalE. coliclones from patients and controls and were also compared based on phylotypes (A, B1, B2, and D).In vivovirulence was investigated in the murine UTI model by use of selected fecal isolates from patients and controls. On average, UTI patients had significantly more LL-37 in urine during infection than postinfection, and patient LL-37 levels postinfection were significantly lower than those of controls. hBD-1 showed similar urine levels for UTI patients and controls. FecalE. coliisolates from controls had higher LL-37 susceptibility than fecal and UTIE. coliisolates from UTI patients.In vivostudies showed a high level of virulence of fecalE. coliisolates from both patients and controls and showed no difference in virulence correlated with the LL-37 MIC level. The results indicate that the concentration of LL-37 in the urinary tract and low susceptibility to LL-37 may increase the likelihood of UTI in a complex interplay between host and pathogen attributes.

scholarly journals Moderate and Timely Water Intake Followed By Micturition Reduces Frequency of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and the Prevalence of Virulent Uropathogens in Adult Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 268-270
Author(s):  
Kamel El-Reshaid ◽  
Shaikha Al-Bader
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Married Women ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of infection in women. Preventive measures included local hygiene, clothing, diet, limiting activities, and prophylactic antibiotics. In this study; we evaluated the role of a simple technique of 5-timely oral water flushing of the urinary bladder in its prevention. The technique entailed an intake of 250 ml of plain water followed by micturition 15-30 minute later at; early morning, 30 minute after the 3 daily meals and 1 hour before night sleep. Moreover, married women had an additional similar bolus intake 30 minute before sexual intercourse and micturition immediately after coitus. This prophylactic regimen has been evaluated in 422 adult non-menopausal females with high-rate of recurrent UTI (>2 UTI/year) for a median duration of 33 months. Married women; had higher rate of UTI/patient year and incidence of non-E coli bacteriuria compared to non-married ones. Our prophylactic technique resulted in; (a) decrease in UTI rate/patient year on follow up from 2.3(0.8) to 0(0.3), (b) clearance of bacteriuria in 69% of women, and decrease of non-E coli pathogens from 31% to 2% (p< 0.001). The latter was due to limiting the use of antibiotics. Married women had similar encouraging results. In conclusion; moderate and timely water intake followed by micturition reduces frequency of recurrent urinary tract infections and the prevalence of virulent uropathogens in adult women.

scholarly journals The Amino Acid Changes T55A, A273P and R277C in the Beta-Lactamase CTX-M-14 Render E. coli Resistant to the Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin, a First-Line Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Yasir Edowik ◽  
Thomas Caspari ◽  
Hugh Merfyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
M 14 ◽  
First Line Treatment

The antibiotic nitrofurantoin is a furan flanked by a nitro group and a hydantoin ring. It is used to treat lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) that have a lifetime incidence of 50−60% in adult women. UTIs are typically caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which are increasingly expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), rendering them multi-drug resistant. Nitrofurantoin is a first-line treatment for gram-negative ESBL-positive UTI patients, given that resistance to it is still rare (0% to 4.4%). Multiplex PCR of β-lactamase genes of the blaCTX-M groups 1, 2, 9 and 8/25 from ESBL-positive UTI patients treated at three referral hospitals in North Wales (UK) revealed the presence of a novel CTX-M-14-like gene harbouring the missense mutations T55A, A273P and R277C. While R277 is close to the active site, T55 and A273 are both located in external loops. Recombinant expression of CTX-M-14 and the mutated CTX-M-14 in the periplasm of E. coli revealed a significant increase in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for nitrofurantoin from ≥6 μg/mL (CTX-M-14) to ≥512 μg/mL (mutated CTX-M-14). Consistent with this finding, the mutated CTX-M protein hydrolysed nitrofurantoin in a cell-free assay. Detection of a novel nitrofurantoin resistance gene indicates an emerging clinical problem in the treatment of gram-negative ESBL-positive UTI patients.

scholarly journals Waterborne Urinary Tract Infections: Have We Overlooked an Important Source of Exposure?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
Heather Amato ◽  
Renata Mendizabal-Cabrera ◽  
Danilo Alvarez ◽  
Brooke Ramay
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

The presence of intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in drinking water is well recognized as a risk for diarrhea. The role of drinking water in extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli—such as urinary tract infections (UTIs)—remains poorly understood. Urinary tract infections are a leading cause of outpatient infections globally, with a lifetime incidence of 50–60% in adult women. We reviewed the scientific literature on the occurrence of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) in water supplies to determine whether the waterborne route may be an important, overlooked, source of UPEC. A limited number of studies have assessed whether UPEC isolates are present in drinking water supplies, but no studies have measured whether their presence in water may increase UPEC colonization or the risk of UTIs in humans. Given the prevalence of drinking water supplies contaminated with E. coli across the globe, efforts should be made to characterize UTI-related risks associated with drinking water, as well as other pathways of exposure.

URINARY INFECTION AT DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Dinh Khanh Le ◽  
Dinh Dam Le ◽  
Khoa Hung Nguyen ◽  
Xuan My Nguyen ◽  
Minh Nhat Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, bacterial characteristics, drug resistance status in patients with urinary tract infections treated at Department of Urology, Hue University Hospital. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in 474 patients with urological disease treated at Department of Urology, Hue Universiry Hospital from July 2017 to April 2018. Urine culture was done in the patients with urine > 25 Leu/ul who have symptoms of urinary tract disease or infection symptoms. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for clinical and bacterial characteristics. Results: 187/474 (39.5%) patients had symptoms associated with urinary tract infections. 85/474 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The positive urine culture rate was 45.5%. Symptoms of UTI were varied, and no prominent symptoms. E. coli accounts for the highest proportion (46.67%), followed by, Staphycoccus aureus (10.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginsa (8,0%), Streptococcus faecali and Proteus (2.67%). ESBL - producing E. coli was 69.23%, ESBL producing Enterobacter spp was 33.33%. Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin while gram positive are vancomycin-sensitive. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections varied and its typical symptoms are unclear. E.coli is a common bacterium (46.67%). Isolated bacteria have a high rate of resistance to some common antibiotics especially the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Most bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics at the same time. Gram (+) bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin, and gram (-) bacteria are susceptible to cefoxitin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Key words: urinary tract infection

scholarly journals 1675. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2009 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S823-S823
Author(s):  
Kendra Foster ◽  
Linnea A Polgreen ◽  
Brett Faine ◽  
Philip M Polgreen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections. There is a lack of large epidemiologic studies evaluating the etiologies of UTIs in the United States. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different UTI-causing organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among patients being treated in a hospital setting. Methods We used the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with a primary diagnosis code of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urinary tract infection and had a urine culture from 2009- 2018 were included in the study. Both inpatients and patients who were only treated in the emergency department (ED) were included. We calculated descriptive statistics for uropathogens and their susceptibilities. Multi-drug-resistant pathogens are defined as pathogens resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Resistance patterns are also described for specific drug classes, like resistance to fluoroquinolones. We also evaluated antibiotic use in this patient population and how antibiotic use varied during the hospitalization. Results There were 640,285 individuals who met the inclusion criteria. Females make up 82% of the study population and 45% were age 65 or older. The most common uropathogen was Escherichia Coli (64.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.7%). 22.2% of patients were infected with a multi-drug-resistant pathogen. We found that E. Coli was multi-drug resistant 23.8% of the time; Klebsiella pneumoniae was multi-drug resistant 7.4%; and Proteus mirabilis was multi-drug resistant 2.8%. The most common antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Among patients that were prescribed ceftriaxone, 31.7% of them switched to a different antibiotic during their hospitalization. Patients that were prescribed levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin switched to a different antibiotic 42.8% and 41.5% of the time, respectively. Conclusion E. Coli showed significant multidrug resistance in this population of UTI patients that were hospitalized or treated within the ED, and antibiotic switching is common. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽  
Alexandru Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

scholarly journals Characterization of Anti-Bacterial Effect of the Two New Phages against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Lívia Slobodníková ◽  
Barbora Markusková ◽  
Michal Kajsík ◽  
Michal Andrezál ◽  
Marek Straka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the events that most frequently need medical intervention. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are frequently their causative agents and the infections are sometimes complicated by the presence of polyresistant nosocomial strains. Phage therapy is a tool that has good prospects for the treatment of these infections. In the present study, we isolated and characterized two bacteriophages with broad host specificity against a panel of local uropathogenic E. coli strains and combined them into a phage cocktail. According to genome sequencing, these phages were closely related and belonged to the Tequatrovirus genus. The newly isolated phages showed very good activity on a panel of local clinical E. coli strains from urinary tract infections. In the form of a two-phage cocktail, they were active on E. coli strains belonging to phylogroups B2 and D, with relatively lower activity in B1 and no response in phylogroup A. Our study is a preliminary step toward the establishment of a national phage bank containing local, well-characterized phages with therapeutic potential for patients in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Single Clinical Isolates from Acute Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Are Representative of Dominant In Situ Populations

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Willner ◽  
Serene Low ◽  
Jason A. Steen ◽  
Narelle George ◽  
Graeme R. Nimmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Pyrosequencing ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly acquired bacterial infections in humans, and uropathogenicEscherichia colistrains are responsible for over 80% of all cases. The standard method for identification of uropathogens in clinical laboratories is cultivation, primarily using solid growth media under aerobic conditions, coupled with morphological and biochemical tests of typically a single isolate colony. However, these methods detect only culturable microorganisms, and characterization is phenotypic in nature. Here, we explored the genotypic identity of communities in acute uncomplicated UTIs from 50 individuals by using culture-independent amplicon pyrosequencing and whole-genome and metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Genus-level characterization of the UTI communities was achieved using the 16S rRNA gene (V8 region). Overall UTI community richness was very low in comparison to other human microbiomes. We strain-typedEscherichia-dominated UTIs using amplicon pyrosequencing of the fimbrial adhesin gene,fimH. There were nine highly abundantfimHtypes, and each UTI sample was dominated by a single type. Molecular analysis of the corresponding clinical isolates revealed that in the majority of cases the isolate was representative of the dominant taxon in the community at both the genus and the strain level. Shotgun sequencing was performed on a subset of eightE. coliurine UTI and isolate pairs. The majority of UTI microbial metagenomic sequences mapped to isolate genomes, confirming the results obtained using phylogenetic markers. We conclude that for the majority of acute uncomplicatedE. coli-mediated UTIs, single cultured isolates are diagnostic of the infection.IMPORTANCEIn clinical practice, the diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) are based on analysis of a single bacterial isolate cultured from urine, and it is assumed that this isolate represents the dominant UTI pathogen. However, these methods detect only culturable bacteria, and the existence of multiple pathogens as well as strain diversity within a single infection is not examined. Here, we explored bacteria present in acute uncomplicated UTIs using culture-independent sequence-based methods.Escherichia coliwas the most common organism identified, and analysis ofE. colidominant UTI samples and their paired clinical isolates revealed that in the majority of infections the cultured isolate was representative of the dominant taxon at both the genus and the strain level. Our data demonstrate that in most cases single cultured isolates are diagnostic of UTI and are consistent with the notion of bottlenecks that limit strain diversity during UTI pathogenesis.

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