scholarly journals Implementing Curcumin in Translational Oncology Research

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5240
Author(s):  
Koraljka Gall Trošelj ◽  
Ivana Samaržija ◽  
Marko Tomljanović ◽  
Renata Novak Kujundžić ◽  
Nikola Đaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Detailed Presentation

Most data published on curcumin and curcumin-based formulations are very promising. In cancer research, the majority of data has been obtained in vitro. Less frequently, researchers used experimental animals. The results of several clinical studies are conclusive, and these studies have established a good foundation for further research focusing on implementing curcumin in clinical oncology. However, the issues regarding timely data reporting and lack of disclosure of the exact curcumin formulations used in these studies should not be neglected. This article is a snapshot of the current status of publicly available data on curcumin clinical trials and a detailed presentation of results obtained so far with some curcumin formulations. Phenomena related to the observed effects of curcumin shown in clinical trials are presented, and its modifying effect on gut microbiota and metabolic reprogramming is discussed. Based on available data, there is a strong indication that curcumin and its metabolites present molecules that do not necessarily need to be abundant in order to act locally and benefit systemically. Future clinical studies should be designed in a way that will take that fact into consideration.

scholarly journals Current status of therapeutic approaches and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Anam Amir ◽  
Ayesha Ameen ◽  
Muhammad Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Global Health Challenge

SARS-CoV-2, declared a pandemic in March 2020, is the current global health challenge. The global bioburden of this virus is increasing at a rapid pace. Many antiviral drugs and vaccines have been registered for clinical trials because of their inhibitory activity observed in vitro. Currently, five types of vaccines have successfully passed Phase IV clinical trial and are being administered in populations worldwide. A plethora of experimental designs have been proposed worldwide in order to find a safe and efficacious treatment option. Therefore, it is necessary to provide baseline data and information to clinicians and researchers so that they can review the current status of therapeutics and efficacy of already developed vaccines. This review article summarizes all therapeutic options that may help to combat SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Position Standing in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaet Alam ◽  
Taslima Binte Kamal ◽  
Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker ◽  
Jin-Rong Zhou ◽  
S. M. Abdur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19, transmitted by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the most serious pandemic situations in the history of mankind, and has already infected a huge population across the globe. This horrendously contagious viral outbreak was first identified in China and within a very short time it affected the world's health, transport, economic, and academic sectors. Despite the recent approval of a few anti-COVID-19 vaccines, their unavailability and insufficiency along with the lack of other potential therapeutic options are continuing to worsen the situation, with valuable lives continuing to be lost. In this situation, researchers across the globe are focusing on repurposing prospective drugs and prophylaxis such as favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin, doxycycline, ACEIs/ARBs, rivaroxaban, and protease inhibitors, which were preliminarily based on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and toxicological study reports followed by clinical applications. Based on available preliminary data derived from limited clinical trials, the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and USFDA also recommended a few drugs to be repurposed i.e., hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and favipiravir. However, World Health Organization later recommended against the use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. Combining basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drug molecules as well as in silico approaches, many drug candidates have been investigated in clinical trials, some of which have been proven to be partially effective against COVID-19, and many of the other drugs are currently under extensive screening. The repurposing of prospective drug candidates from different stages of evaluation can be a handy wellspring in COVID-19 management and treatment along with approved anti-COVID-19 vaccines. This review article combined the information from completed clinical trials, case series, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective studies to focus on the current status of repurposing drugs in 2021.

scholarly journals 10 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cholesterol

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-516 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Skin Irritants

Cholesterol is used as an emulsifier in cosmetic skin and hair care products and eye and face makeup formulations at concentrations up to 5%. The normal metabolism and excretion of Cholesterol is well documented in man and experimental animals. Cholesterol is not a significant dermal or ocular irritant. Cholesterol does not appear to have any genotoxic activity in bacterial or mammalian cell in vitro mutagenic and transformation assays. High doses of Cholesterol were teratogenic in rats. Cholesterol has not been established as a promoter, cocarcinogen, or total carcinogen. Clinical studies to evaluate the safety of topically applied Cholesterol were restricted to products formulated with the ingredient. Most products were moisturizers containing 1.4% Cholesterol. The highest concentration of Cholesterol tested (6%) was evaluated in a modified prophetic test (110 subjects) and an RIPT (45 subjects); both assays had UVA and UVB exposure incorporated into the protocols. The Cholesterol-containing products were minimal to mild primary and cumulative skin irritants but not sensitizers or photosensitizers.

Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Specific Targeting ◽  
Specific Tumor

The need for improved specificity in cancer therapy is apparent. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies, the possibility of specifically targeted therapy is being considered. Early trials of monoclonal antibody in experimental animals and humans have indicated its ability to traffic to specific tumor sites and to localize on or around the tumor cells displaying antigens to which the antibody is directed. This evidence of specific targeting, along with preliminary evidence of therapeutic efficacy for monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates with drugs, toxins, and isotopes is encouraging. The current status of clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies is reviewed and an example of the experimental approach for the development of immunoconjugates in animal models is presented.

scholarly journals Remdesivir: Critical Clinical Appraisal for COVID 19 Treatment

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Regulatory Aspect ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

AbstractRemdesivir is presently been considered as ‘molecule of hope’ to curb the menace of COVID19. Non-availability of any USFDA approved drug has led to several attempt of drug-repurposing and development of new therapeutic molecules. However, Remdesivir has been found to be effective against a broad range of virus including SARS, MERS and COVID 19 through in-vitro studies. Several clinical research attempt are presently being conducted showing promising result yet not conclusive. This review summarized all such clinical trials to critically appraise the usage of Remdesivir against COVID 19 along with the publications related to the results of the clinical studies. The present regulatory aspect i. e. Emergency Use Authorization (EYA) and information of molecule and plausible mechanism is also dealt.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Use of Metformin: Can Treating Diabetes Prevent Breast Cancer?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Hatoum ◽  
Eileen M. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses

There is substantial epidemiological evidence pointing to an increased incidence of breast cancer and morbidity in obese, prediabetic, and diabetic patients.In vitrostudies strongly support metformin, a diabetic medication, in breast cancer therapy. Although metformin has been heralded as an exciting new breast cancer treatment, the principal consideration is whether metformin can be used as a generic treatment for all breast cancer types. Importantly, will metformin be useful as an inexpensive therapy for patients with comorbidity of diabetes and breast cancer? In general, meta-analyses of clinical trial data from retrospective studies in which metformin treatment has been used for patients with diabetes and breast cancer have a positive trend; nevertheless, the supporting clinical data outcomes remain inconclusive. The heterogeneity of breast cancer, confounded by comorbidity of disease in the elderly population, makes it difficult to determine the actual benefits of metformin therapy. Despite the questionable evidence available from observational clinical studies and meta-analyses, randomized phases I–III clinical trials are ongoing to test the efficacy of metformin for breast cancer. This special issue review will focus on recent research, highlightingin vitroresearch and retrospective observational clinical studies and current clinical trials on metformin action in breast cancer.

Polymer–drug conjugates: towards a novel approach for the treatment of endrocine-related cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S189-S199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Duncan ◽  
M J Vicent ◽  
F Greco ◽  
R I Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hpma Copolymer ◽  
Drug Conjugates

The last decade has seen successful clinical application of polymer–protein conjugates (e.g. Oncaspar, Neulasta) and promising results in clinical trials with polymer–anticancer drug conjugates. This, together with the realisation that nanomedicines may play an important future role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, has increased interest in this emerging field. More than 10 anticancer conjugates have now entered clinical development. Phase I/II clinical trials involving N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1; FCE28068) showed a four- to fivefold reduction in anthracycline-related toxicity, and, despite cumulative doses up to 1680 mg/m2 (doxorubicin equivalent), no cardiotoxicity was observed. Antitumour activity in chemotherapy-resistant/refractory patients (including breast cancer) was also seen at doxorubicin doses of 80–320 mg/m2, consistent with tumour targeting by the enhanced permeability (EPR) effect. Hints, preclinical and clinical, that polymer anthracycline conjugation can bypass multidrug resistance (MDR) reinforce our hope that polymer drugs will prove useful in improving treatment of endocrine-related cancers. These promising early clinical results open the possibility of using the water-soluble polymers as platforms for delivery of a cocktail of pendant drugs. In particular, we have recently described the first conjugates to combine endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Their markedly enhanced in vitro activity encourages further development of such novel, polymer-based combination therapies. This review briefly describes the current status of polymer therapeutics as anticancer agents, and discusses the opportunities for design of second-generation, polymer-based combination therapy, including the cocktail of agents that will be needed to treat resistant metastatic cancer.

scholarly journals Pharmacological effects of saffron and its constituents in ocular disorders from in vitro studies to clinical trials; a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Sepahi ◽  
Adel Ghorani-Azam ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hossieni ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Elham Khodavrdi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eye Disorders

Introduction: Some medicinal plants have shown promising therapeutic potential for management of the diseases. We aimed to systematically review the literature wherein the therapeutic effects of saffron have been studied on eye disorders. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and other databases using eye disorders, and saffron as key terms. No strict inclusion criteria were defined, and almost all clinical studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The reported data in each study were extracted and then qualitatively described. Results: Finally, 78 articles were found but only 29 relevant articles were included. Nine articles are clinical trials and 20 articles were done on cellular and molecular aspects of saffron on eye disorders. According to the included studies, crocin prevented the pro-inflammatory response in retinal cells and decreased glucose level in diabetic mice. Also, crocetin prevented retinal degeneration and saffron protected photoreceptors from light-induced damage in retinal cells. Saffron also improved visual function in age-related macular edema and decreased intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. In addition, it was shown that crocin can improve best corrected visual acuity and decreased central macular thickness in patients with diabetic maculopathy. Conclusion: The results of this review indicated that saffron and its main ingredients such as crocin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of ocular disease especially eye inflammation; however, further clinical studies are needed to confirm such efficiency.

scholarly journals Stem Cells as a Model of Study of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
María Verónica Cuevas-Gonzalez ◽  
Álvaro Garcia-Perez ◽  
Álvaro Edgar Gonzalez-Aragon Pineda ◽  
León Francisco Espinosa-Cristobal ◽  
Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Background. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the latest pandemic of the 21st century; it is responsible for the development of COVID-19. Within the multiple study models for both the biology and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the use of stem cells has been proposed because of their ability to increase the immune response and to repair tissue. Therefore, the objective of this review is to evaluate the role of stem cells against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in order to identify their potential as a study model and as a possible therapeutic source against tissue damage caused by this virus. Therefore, the following research question was established: What is the role of stem cells in the study of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of COVID-19? Materials and Methods. A search was carried out in the electronic databases of PUBMED, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The following keywords were used: “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” and “STEM CELL,” plus independent search strategies with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” The identified reports were those whose main objective was the study of stem cells in relation to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. For the development of this study, the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: studies whose main objective was the study of stem cells in relation to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and clinical case studies, case reports, clinical trials, pilot studies, in vitro, or in vivo studies. For assessment of the risk of bias for in vitro studies, the SciRAP tool was used. The data collected for each type of study, clinical or in vitro, were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS V.22 program. Results. Of the total of studies included ( n = 39 ), 22 corresponded to in vitro investigations and 17 to human studies (clinical cases ( n = 9 ), case series ( n = 2 ), pilot clinical trials ( n = 5 ), clinical trials ( n = 1 )). In vitro studies that induced pluripotent stem cells were the most used ( n = 12 ), and in clinical studies, the umbilical stem cells derived were the most reported ( n = 11 ). The mean age of the study subjects was 58.3 years. After the application of stem cell therapy, the follow-up period was 8 days minimum and 90 days maximum. Discussion. The mechanism by which the virus enters the cell is through protein “S,” located on the surface of the membrane, by recognizing the ACE2 receptor located on the target cell. The evidence that the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in stem cells indicates that stem cells from bone marrow and amniotic fluid have very little expression. This shows that stem cell has a low risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. The use of stem cells is a highly relevant therapeutic option. It has been shown in both in vitro studies and clinical trials that it counteracts the excessive secretion of cytokines. There are even more studies that focus on long-term follow-up; thus, the potential for major side effects can be analyzed more clearly. Finally, the ethical use of stem cells from fetal or infant origin needs to be regulated. The study was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021229038). The limitations of the study were because of the methodology employed, the sample was not very large, and the follow-up period of the clinical studies was relatively short.

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