scholarly journals Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate: Comparative Study of the Influence of the Electrode Configuration with Sn and Bi-Based Electrocatalysts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Díaz-Sainz ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Guerra ◽  
Angel Irabien
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2

Climate change has become one of the most important challenges in the 21st century, and the electroreduction of CO2 to value-added products has gained increasing importance in recent years. In this context, formic acid or formate are interesting products because they could be used as raw materials in several industries as well as promising fuels in fuel cells. Despite the great number of studies published in the field of the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formic acid/formate working with electrocatalysts of different nature and electrode configurations, few of them are focused on the comparison of different electrocatalyst materials and electrode configurations. Therefore, this work aims at presenting a rigorous and comprehensive comparative assessment of different experimental data previously published after many years of research in different working electrode configurations and electrocatalysts in a continuous mode with a single pass of the inputs through the reactor. Thus, the behavior of the CO2 electroreduction to formate is compared operating with Sn and Bi-based materials under Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) and Catalyst Coated Membrane Electrodes (CCMEs) configurations. Considering the same electrocatalyst, the use of CCMEs improves the performance in terms of formate concentration and energy consumption. Nevertheless, higher formate rates can be achieved with GDEs because they allow operation at higher current densities of up to 300 mA·cm−2. Bi-based-GDEs outperformed Sn-GDEs in all the figures of merit considered. The comparison also highlights that in CCME configuration, the employ of Bi-based-electrodes enhanced the behavior of the process, increasing the formate concentration by 35% and the Faradaic efficiency by 11%.

Spontaneously Sn Doped Bi/BiOx Core–shell Nanowires Toward High-Performance CO2 Electroreduction to Formate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xunlin Liu ◽  
Zhixiao Liu ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Jiao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Metal Metal

Abstract Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate using renewable electricity provides a promising strategy to product value-added carbon-based fuels and feedstocks. However, it still remains a grand challenge to further reduce the cathodic potentials and increase current density for the large-scale practical applications of formate. Herein, we report that spontaneously Sn doped Bi/BiOx nanowires (denoted as Bi/Bi(Sn)Ox NWs) are prepared from electrochemical dealloying strategy. The Bi/Bi(Sn)Ox NWs exhibit impressive CO2 electroreduction activity to formate with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) > 92% from -0.5 to -0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and achieve a current density of 301.4 mA cm-2 at -1.0 V vs. RHE under gas diffusion cell configuration. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and theory calculations reveal that the incorporation of Sn atoms into BiOx species modulates the electron states of Bi, allowing the *OCHO intermediate to favorably adsorb onto the reconstructed Bi(Sn)Ox surface while promotes formate generation by suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. This work provides effective in-situ construction of the metal/metal oxide hybrid composites with heteroatom doping and offers insights in promoting practical CO2 conversion technology.

Oxidized indium with transformable dimensions for CO2 electroreduction toward formate aided by oxygen vacancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 3726-3731
Author(s):  
Fenghui Ye ◽  
Jinghui Gao ◽  
Yilin Chen ◽  
Yunming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Value Added Products

Electroreduction of CO2 into value-added products is a promising technique in which the structure of the catalyst plays a crucial role.

scholarly journals B‐Cu‐Zn gas diffusion electrodes for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current densities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Song ◽  
Joao R. C. Junqueira ◽  
Nivedita Sikdar ◽  
Denis Öhl ◽  
Stefan Dieckhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
High Current ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities

scholarly journals B‐Cu‐Zn gas diffusion electrodes for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current densities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Song ◽  
Joao R. C. Junqueira ◽  
Nivedita Sikdar ◽  
Denis Öhl ◽  
Stefan Dieckhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
High Current ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities

scholarly journals Highly CO Selective Trimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Tran-Van Phuc ◽  
Jin-Suk Chung ◽  
Seung-Hyun Hur
Keyword(s):  
High Current Density ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Organic Framework

Pd, Cu, and Zn trimetallic metal-organic framework electrocatalysts (PCZs) based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic were synthesized using a simple solvothermal synthesis. The as-synthesized PCZ catalysts exhibited as much as 95% faradaic efficiency towards CO, with a high current density, low onset potential, and excellent long-term stability during the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.

Microbe Mediated Bioconversion of Fruit Waste Into Value Added Products

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Mridul Umesh ◽  
Thazeem Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Value Added Products

Biosynthetic capabilities of microbes have solved several hurdles in the human welfare. Microbes have served and continue to serve as imperial candidates in both production and management strategies. Microbe mediated techniques has emerged as ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to their synthetic counterparts. Fruit based industries produces large volumes of solid and liquid wastes contributing to increase in pollution load. Disposal of these waste not only represent loss of valuable biomass but also leads to substantial increase in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). However, in spite of their pollution and hazard aspects, in many cases, fruit processing wastes have a promising potential for being chief raw materials for secondary industries. This chapter summarizes microbe mediated fermentative utilization of fruit waste, for the production of value added products like organic acid, single cell protein, bioplastics, enzymes and biogas.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Plant Raw Materials in Value-Added Products by Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer and Pleurotus spp.

2005 ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
George G. Songulashvili ◽  
Vladimir Elisashvili ◽  
Michel Penninckx ◽  
Eka Metreveli ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added Products

Study on the properties of coal-based high-purity graphite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qili Wang ◽  
Mingquan Yu ◽  
Jiannan Gong ◽  
Fengtao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Pitch ◽  
Skeletal Density ◽  
Pitch Coke ◽  
Chinese Coal ◽  
Value Added Products

As one of the major value-added products of coal processing and utilization, coal pitch coke and coal tar pitch are used as raw materials to prepare high-purity graphite. The structure characteristics and properties were measured by experiments. The results show that the high-purity graphite has excellent physical properties: the skeletal density of 1.81–1.91 g/cm3, the Shore hardness of 45.5–66.6 Hs, the flexural strength of 33.0–46.1 MPa, the compressive strength of 65.6–75.8 MPa, the ash content of 67–181 ppm, the thermal expansion coefficient of 3.71–4.11 × 10–6/°C, and the electrical resistivity of 8.72–12.13 μΩ · m. Consequently, coal-based graphite materials have excellent properties and good application prospects in solar energy industry, which is an effective exploration for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese coal industry.

scholarly journals Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽  
Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽  
Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract  Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan  perlakuan  JPA+T   masing-masing  adalah  20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih  rendah  daripada  rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

scholarly journals Through-Space Electronic Conjugation Enhances Co-Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO by a Molecular Cr Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby L. Hooe ◽  
Juan Moreno ◽  
Amelia Reid ◽  
Emma Cook ◽  
Charles Machan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Dispersion Interactions ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 represents an appealing method for converting renewable energy sources into value-added chemical feedstocks. Here, we report a co-electrocatalytic system for the reduction of CO2 to CO comprised of a molecular Cr complex, Cr(tbudhbpy)Cl(H2O) 1, where 6,6′-di(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 2-phenolate)-2,2′-bipyridine = [tbudhbpy]2- and dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (DBTD) as a redox mediator which achieves high activity (1.51-2.84 x 105 s–1) and quantitative selectivity. Under aprotic or protic conditions, DBTD produces a co-electrocatalytic response with 1 by coordinating trans to the site of CO2 binding and mediating electron transfer from the electrode with quantitative efficiency for CO. This assembly is in part reliant on through-space electronic conjugation between the π frameworks of DBTD and the bpy fragment of the catalyst ligand, with important contributions from dispersion interactions and weak sulfone coordination to Cr. Experimental and computational results suggest that this interaction stabilizes a key intermediate in a new aprotic catalytic pathway and lowers the rate-determining transition state under protic conditions. To the best of our knowledge through-space electronic conjugation has not been explored in molecular electrocatalytic systems.<br>

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