scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Molecular Dications: Experimental and Theoretical Efforts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4157
Author(s):  
Stefano Falcinelli ◽  
Marzio Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Translational Energy ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Doubly Charged

Molecular dications are doubly charged cations of importance in flames, plasma chemistry and physics and in the chemistry of the upper atmosphere of Planets. Furthermore, they are exotic species able to store a considerable amount of energy at a molecular level. This high energy content of several eV can be easily released as translational energy of the two fragment monocations generated by their Coulomb explosion. For such a reason, they were proposed as a new kind of alternative propellant. The present topic review paper reports on an overview of the main contributions made by the authors’ research groups in the generation and characterization of simple molecular dications during the last 40 years of coupling experimental and theoretical efforts.

Encapsulation of Reactive Nanoparticles of Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Titanium, or Boron within Polymers for Energetic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zeng ◽  
Calvin O. Nyapete ◽  
Alexander H.H. Benziger ◽  
Paul A. Jelliss ◽  
Steven W. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reactive Metal ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Primary Focus

Background: There is increasing academic and industrial interest in fabricating reactive metal and metalloid nanoparticles for a number of energetics applications. Objective: Because of inherent thermodynamic instability, the greatest challenge for producing such metal nanoparticles is to kinetically stabilize their high surface areas toward reactive atmospheric constituents. Such stabilization can effectively produce nanocomposite materials that retain their high energy content or other useful properties with a respectable shelf-life. The primary focus is to summarize methods of synthesis and characterization of these energetically valuable nanoparticles. Method and Results: Method and Results: A popular and convenient method to passivate and protect reactive metal nanoparticles is to either graft pre-assembled polymer molecules to the nanoparticle surface or use the reactive nanoparticle surface to initiate and propagate oligomer or polymer growth. Conclusion: Reactive nanoparticles composed of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, or boron may be effectively passivated, capped, and protected by a variety of organic polymers. Such treatment mitigates degradation due to atmospheric reaction, while retaining the unique properties associated with the metal-polymer nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characterization of a New Developed Product - “Energizing Jellies”

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Emil RACOLÅ¢A ◽  
Maria TOFANÄ‚ ◽  
Sonia SOCACI ◽  
Crina MUREȘAN ◽  
Lucian IUONAȘ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Energy Supplements

Active people energy demands are usually fulfilled by the consumption of confectionery products. However, even if confectionery products are well known as having high energy content, in the case of hard activities, some energy supplements comprising vitamins (especially from B group) and CNS stimulants (caffeine, taurine) are necessary. The present work aimed to characterize a new developed product “Energizing Jellies” which combine the high energy content of jellies type products with the properties and flavors of energy drinks. During this work it was determined the “Energizing jellies” general chemical composition in terms of moisture, acidity, total and reducing sugar. The caffeine content of the premix used, syrup and jelly was also assessed. Moreover it was performed a comparison between the premix used and the final product related to volatile compounds as well as antioxidant capacity.  The new jelly is intended for active people, being a product easy to eat which can be consumed in small portions.

HIGH ENERGY SYNCHROTRON X-RAY MICROSPECTROSCOPY FOR GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL SAMPLES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lanzirotti ◽  
◽  
Stephen R. Sutton ◽  
Matt Newville ◽  
Jeffrey P. Fitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Spectroscopic characterization of a thermodynamically stable doubly charged diatomic molecule: MgAr2+

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wehrli ◽  
Matthieu Génévriez ◽  
Frédéric Merkt
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Diatomic Molecule ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
New Method ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Singly Charged ◽  
Doubly Charged

We present a new method to study doubly charged molecules relying on high-resolution spectroscopy of the singly charged parent cation, and report on the first spectroscopic characterization of a thermodynamically stable diatomic dication, MgAr2+.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Lihua Ye ◽  
Muhammad Muzamal Ashfaq ◽  
Aiping Shi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Yefan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the aim relates to the material characterization of high-energy lithium-ion pouch cells. The development of appropriate model cell behavior is intended to simulate two scenarios: the first is mechanical deformation during a crash and the second is an internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells during the actual effect scenarios. The punch test has been used as a benchmark to analyze the effects of different state of charge conditions on high-energy lithium-ion battery cells. This article explores the impact of three separate factors on the outcomes of mechanical punch indentation experiments. The first parameter analyzed was the degree of prediction brought about by experiments on high-energy cells with two different states of charge (greater and lesser), with four different sizes of indentation punch, from the cell’s reaction during the indentation effects on electrolyte. Second, the results of the loading position, middle versus side, are measured at quasi-static speeds. The third parameter was the effect on an electrolyte with a different state of charge. The repeatability of the experiments on punch loading was the last test function analyzed. The test results of a greater than 10% state of charge and less than 10% state of charge were compared to further refine and validate this modeling method. The different loading scenarios analyzed in this study also showed great predictability in the load-displacement reaction and the onset short circuit. A theoretical model of the cell was modified for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation. The overall conclusion found that the loading initiating the cell’s electrical short circuit is not instantaneously instigated and it is subsequently used to process the development of a precise and practical computational model that will reduce the chances of the internal short course during the crash.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of Nb3Sn/Al2O3 superconducting multilayers for particle accelerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Sundahl ◽  
Junki Makita ◽  
Paul B. Welander ◽  
Yi-Feng Su ◽  
Fumitake Kametani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Superconducting Radio Frequency

AbstractSuperconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonator cavities provide extremely high quality factors > 1010 at 1–2 GHz and 2 K in large linear accelerators of high-energy particles. The maximum accelerating field of SRF cavities is limited by penetration of vortices into the superconductor. Present state-of-the-art Nb cavities can withstand up to 50 MV/m accelerating gradients and magnetic fields of 200–240 mT which destroy the low-dissipative Meissner state. Achieving higher accelerating gradients requires superconductors with higher thermodynamic critical fields, of which Nb3Sn has emerged as a leading material for the next generation accelerators. To overcome the problem of low vortex penetration field in Nb3Sn, it has been proposed to coat Nb cavities with thin film Nb3Sn multilayers with dielectric interlayers. Here, we report the growth and multi-technique characterization of stoichiometric Nb3Sn/Al2O3 multilayers with good superconducting and RF properties. We developed an adsorption-controlled growth process by co-sputtering Nb and Sn at high temperatures with a high overpressure of Sn. The cross-sectional scanning electron transmission microscope images show no interdiffusion between Al2O3 and Nb3Sn. Low-field RF measurements suggest that our multilayers have quality factor comparable with cavity-grade Nb at 4.2 K. These results provide a materials platform for the development and optimization of high-performance SIS multilayers which could overcome the intrinsic limits of the Nb cavity technology.

scholarly journals Towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Review of the Parameters That Influence the Efficiency of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3193
Author(s):  
Ana L. Santos ◽  
Maria-João Cebola ◽  
Diogo M. F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cell Components

Environmental issues make the quest for better and cleaner energy sources a priority. Worldwide, researchers and companies are continuously working on this matter, taking one of two approaches: either finding new energy sources or improving the efficiency of existing ones. Hydrogen is a well-known energy carrier due to its high energy content, but a somewhat elusive one for being a gas with low molecular weight. This review examines the current electrolysis processes for obtaining hydrogen, with an emphasis on alkaline water electrolysis. This process is far from being new, but research shows that there is still plenty of room for improvement. The efficiency of an electrolyzer mainly relates to the overpotential and resistances in the cell. This work shows that the path to better electrolyzer efficiency is through the optimization of the cell components and operating conditions. Following a brief introduction to the thermodynamics and kinetics of water electrolysis, the most recent developments on several parameters (e.g., electrocatalysts, electrolyte composition, separator, interelectrode distance) are highlighted.

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