scholarly journals Potent and Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Compounds Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Psiloxylon mauritianum, A Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sorres ◽  
Amandine André ◽  
Elsa Van Elslande ◽  
Didier Stien ◽  
Véronique Eparvier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

With the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, identification of new anti-staphylococcal drugs has become a necessity. It has long been demonstrated that plants are a large and diverse source of antibacterial compounds. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, was chemically investigated for its reported biological activity against S. aureus. Aspidin VB, a phloroglucinol derivative never before described, together with Aspidin BB, were first isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. mauritianum leaves. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Aspidin VB exhibited strong antibacterial activity against standard and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed at 10−5 M in MRC5 cells. Due to its biological activities, Aspidin VB appears to be a good natural lead in the fight against S. aureus.

scholarly journals The Geraniin-Rich Extract from Reunion Island Endemic Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus phillyreifolius Inhibits Zika and Dengue Virus Infection at Non-Toxic Effect Doses in Zebrafish

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano G. Haddad ◽  
Dovilė Grauzdytė ◽  
Andrea Cristine Koishi ◽  
Wildriss Viranaicken ◽  
Petras Rimantas Venskutonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Antiviral Compound ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽  
Promising Source

The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are two medically important pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. There is an urgent need of therapeutics against DENV and ZIKV, and medicinal plants are considered as a promising source of antiviral bioactive metabolites. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, to prevent DENV and ZIKV infection in human cells. At non-cytotoxic concentration in vitro, incubation of infected A549 cells with a P. phillyreifolius extract or its major active phytochemical geraniin resulted in a dramatic reduction of virus progeny production for ZIKV as well as four serotypes of DENV. Virological assays showed that P. phillyreifolius extract-mediated virus inhibition relates to a blockade in internalization of virus particles into the host cell. Infectivity studies on ZIKV showed that both P. phillyreifolius and geraniin cause a loss of infectivity of the viral particles. Using a zebrafish model, we demonstrated that administration of P. phillyreifolius and geraniin has no effect on zebrafish locomotor activity while no morbidity nor mortality was observed up to 5 days post-inoculation. Thus, P. phillyreifolius could act as an important source of plant metabolite geraniin which is a promising antiviral compound in the fight against DENV and ZIKV.

scholarly journals The Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an Endemic Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island, Inhibits the Early Stages of Dengue and Zika Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clain ◽  
Haddad ◽  
Koishi ◽  
Sinigaglia ◽  
Rachidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with these viral infections, antiviral therapies are missing. Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat various infectious diseases since millenaries. Several compounds extracted from plants exhibit potent effects against viruses in vitro, calling for further investigations regarding their efficacy as antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that an extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the infection of ZIKV in vitro without exhibiting cytotoxic effects. The extract was active against different ZIKV African and Asian strains, including an epidemic one. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that the P. mauritianum extract interfered with the attachment of the viral particles to the host cells. Importantly, the P. mauritianum extract was also able to prevent the infection of human cells by four dengue virus serotypes. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV and DENV particles, P. mauritianum may be of value for identifying and characterizing antiviral compounds to fight medically-important flaviviruses.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of C-5 side chain modified analogues of FYL-66, a potential agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MedChemComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1156-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Zicheng Li ◽  
Zhenling Wang ◽  
Zitai Sang ◽  
Haiyue Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Activity Evaluation

Monofluoro- (39), difluoro- (40) and trifluoro- (41) substituted analogues showed different biological activities, and 40 is a potent antibacterial agent in animal models.

scholarly journals A bacteriocin-based antimicrobial formulation to effectively disrupt the cell viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kranjec ◽  
Kirill V. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Torstein Grønseth ◽  
Kumar Ebineshan ◽  
Aparna Srikantam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant and biofilm-associated infections brought about by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is a pressing issue both inside as well as outside nosocomial environments worldwide. Here, we show that a combination of two bacteriocins with distinct structural and functional characteristics, garvicin KS, and micrococcin P1, showed a synergetic antibacterial activity against biofilms produced in vitro by S. aureus, including several MRSA strains. In addition, this bacteriocin-based antimicrobial combination showed the ability to restore the sensitivity of the highly resilient MRSA strain ATCC 33591 to the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin G. By using a combination of bacterial cell metabolic assays, confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we show that the combination between garvicin KS, micrococcin P1, and penicillin G potently inhibit cell viability within S. aureus biofilms by causing severe cell damage. Together these data indicate that bacteriocins can be valuable therapeutic tools in the fight against biofilm-associated MRSA infections.

scholarly journals A review on medicinal plant extracts and their active ingredients against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Marzieh Askarinia ◽  
Ali Ganji ◽  
Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh ◽  
Sajad Hasanzadeh ◽  
Bahram Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
New Strategies

Staphylococcus aureus is among the pathogens capable of developing a broad spectrum of infections in human beings. In addition to the hospital, the bacterium is present in the community and has a high resistance to antibiotics, which is also increasing on an ongoing basis. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotic family is one of the concerns about the bacterium that has encountered the treatment of such infections with difficulty. Due to the increased resistance and importance of this bacterium, new strategies are needed to control this pathogen. One of these approaches is the use of medicinal plants, which has attracted many researchers in the last decade. Several studies have been carried out or are being designed using various herbs to find active ingredients to deal with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to present the antibacterial activity of different medicinal plants and the effects of their active ingredients on methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and to clarify the pathway to further studies in this regard.

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Zarghami Moghaddam ◽  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽  
Alireza Iranbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is one of the major concerns about the various staphylococcal infections. Vancomycin is one the most important effective antibiotics on staphylococcal lethal infections. To date, vancomycin-resistant strains are increasingly isolated in different parts of the world, and it is alerting. Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates in the main tertiary hospital of Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: S. aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples in Imam Reza Hospital of Bojnurd. After identification of isolates through using conventional methods, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods to determine resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. We also performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB genes. After confirmation of vancomycin resistance, genetic analysis was performed using SCCmec, agr, and spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods on VRSA isolates. Results: We found four vancomycin-resistant isolates (1.29%). Also, 75% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. Using the PCR method, mecA was found in 73%, mecC in 0.64%, and vanA in 1.29% of isolates. Interestingly, we found two mecC positive isolates in MRSA isolates. The alpha-hemolysin (81.81%) and enterotoxin C (27%) had the highest and lowest toxins percentage, respectively. Among mecA positive isolates, SCCmecIV (37%), SCCmecIII (31.27%), SCCmecI (14%), SCCmecII (11%), and SCCmecV (5.7%) were the most prevalent SCCmec types, respectively. It should be noted that the two mecC positive isolates belonged to SCCmecXI. AgrI (76.29%) was the highest agr type. We recognized t037 as the dominant spa type, and ST239, ST6, ST97, and ST8 were found in VRSA isolates. Conclusions: In our study, the frequency of mecA genes in MRSA isolates was very high. It seems that the resistant isolates belonged to endemic clones of Iran.

scholarly journals Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication Properties of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Fethi Ben Abdallah ◽  
Rihab Lagha ◽  
Ahmed Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that poses a high risk to patients due to the development of biofilm. Biofilms, are complex biological systems difficult to treat by conventional antibiotic therapy, which contributes to >80% of humans infections. In this report, we examined the antibacterial activity of Origanum majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus zygis medicinal plant essential oils against MRSA clinical isolates using disc diffusion and MIC methods. Moreover, biofilm inhibition and eradication activities of oils were evaluated by crystal violet. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed variations between oils in terms of component numbers in addition to their percentages. Antibacterial activity testing showed a strong effect of these oils against MRSA isolates, and T. zygis had the highest activity succeeded by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Investigated oils demonstrated high biofilm inhibition and eradication actions, with the percentage of inhibition ranging from 10.20 to 95.91%, and the percentage of eradication ranging from 12.65 to 98.01%. O. majorana oil had the highest biofilm inhibition and eradication activities. Accordingly, oils revealed powerful antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA isolates and could be a good alternative for antibiotics substitution.

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