scholarly journals Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Volatile Compounds of Etlingera pavieana Essential Oil

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3245
Author(s):  
Porawan Naksang ◽  
Sasitorn Tongchitpakdee ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Maria Jose Oruna-Concha ◽  
Keshavan Niranjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.S. is a rhizomatous plant in the Zingiberaceae family which could be freshly eaten, used as a condiment or as a traditional remedy. Our work investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the E. pavieana essential oils extracted from the rhizome (EOEP). We extracted the EOEP from the rhizome by hydrodistillation and analyzed the chemical composition by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). A total of 22 volatile compounds were identified where trans-anethole (78.54%) and estragole (19.36%) were the major components in the EOEP. The antimicrobial activity of EOEP was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values using the broth dilution method and enumerating cell death overtime. Our work shows that the EOEP exhibits potent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, namely Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in the range of 0.1–0.3% (v/v). We further investigated the mechanism of EOEP inhibition using Synchrotron Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Here, we show significant differences in DNA/nucleic acid, proteins and cell membrane composition in the bacterial cell. To conclude, EOEP exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, especially the Gram-positive bacteria associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) food and, thus, has the potential to serve as a natural preservative agent in RTE products.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Portuguese Foeniculum vulgare Fruits

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Mota ◽  
M. Rosário Martins ◽  
Sílvia Arantes ◽  
Violeta R. Lopes ◽  
Eliseu Bettencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Food Spoilage Fungi

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fruits of six fennel accessions collected from wild populations occurring in the centre and south of Portugal. Composition of essential oils was established by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The obtained yields of the essential oils were found to vary greatly in the range of 1.1 to 2.9% (v/w) and the chemical composition varied with the region of collection. A total of 16 compounds were identified. The main compounds were fenchone (16.9 – 34.7%), estragole (2.5 – 66.0%) and trans-anethole (7.9 – 77.7%). The percentages of these three main compounds were used to determine the relationship between the different oil samples and to group them into four different chemotypes: anethole/fenchone; anethole; estragole and anethole/estragole. Antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated against six food spoilage fungi: Aspergillus niger, A. japonicus, A. oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizophus oryzae and R. stolonifer. Antibacterial activity was assessed against three Gram-positive strains: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and S. aureus ATCC 28213; and against six Gram-negative strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Morganella morganii LFG 08; Proteus mirabilis LFG 04; Salmonella enteritidis LFG 05; S. entiritidis serovar typhimurium LFG 06 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by the disc diffusion agar method; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth macro-dilution method. The MIC values varied from 62.5 ( E. coli ATCC 25922) to 2000 μg/mL ( P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853).

scholarly journals Increases in Hydrophilicity and Charge on the Polar Face of Alyteserin 1c Helix Change its Selectivity towards Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamil Liscano ◽  
Constain H. Salamanca ◽  
Lina Vargas ◽  
Stefania Cantor ◽  
Valentina Laverde-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mutant Derivative ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

Recently, resistance of pathogens towards conventional antibiotics has increased, representing a threat to public health globally. As part of the fight against this, studies on alternative antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides have been performed, and it has been shown that their sequence and structure are closely related to their antimicrobial activity. Against this background, we here evaluated the antibacterial activity of two peptides developed by solid-phase synthesis, Alyteserin 1c (WT) and its mutant derivative (ΔM), which shows increased net charge and reduced hydrophobicity. These structural characteristics were modified as a result of amino acid substitutions on the polar face of the WT helix. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both peptides was obtained in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the rational substitutions of the amino acids increased the activity in Gram-positive bacteria, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, for which the MIC was one-third of that for the WT analog. In contrast to the case for Gram-positive bacteria, these substitutions decreased activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially in Escherichia coli, for which the MIC was eight-fold higher than that exhibited by the WT peptide. To understand this, models of the peptide behavior upon interacting with membranes of E. coli and S. aureus created using molecular dynamics were studied and it was determined that the helical stability of the peptide is indispensable for antimicrobial activity. The hydrogen bonds between the His20 of the peptides and the phospholipids of the membranes should modulate the selectivity associated with structural stability at the carboxy-terminal region of the peptides.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts from thyme and rosemary against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9656-9671
Author(s):  
Akram Sabzikar ◽  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi ◽  
Younes Shirmohammadli ◽  
Abbas Jalaligoldeh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Main Components

Different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of thyme (Zataria multiflora) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial activity using the agar-well diffusion method. The values of inhibition zone diameter (IZD) for Candida albicans fungus and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria were determined. The bioactivities of two various extracts were studied, and the chemical composition of the extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results of the test showed that at concentrations of 10% and 40% thyme extract, the values of IZD were 12.5 mm and 23.3 mm, respectively, against the growth of S. aureus, which were higher than C. albicans (7.0 mm and 22.5 mm, respectively). The rosemary extract at concentrations of 20% and 60% showed lower antibacterial activity against S. aureus (4.7 mm and 8.7 mm IZD, respectively) and lower antifungal activity against C. albicans (12.2 mm and 1.7 mm IZD, respectively). At a concentration of 40% thyme extract, the highest antibacterial (23.3 mm IZD) and antifungal (22.5 mm IZD) activities were observed. The GC/MS analysis showed that carvacrol (52.3%), linalool L (16%), and thymol (9.6%) were the main components of thyme extract, while in the rosemary extract β-amyrone (18.0%), verbenone (8.0%), and 1,8-cineole (7.26%) were the major constituents.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Galinsoga Parviflora Leaves from Colombia

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Pino ◽  
Mauricio Gaviria ◽  
Juana Quevedo-Vega ◽  
Laura García-Lesmes ◽  
Clara E. Quijano-Celis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Oil

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae) from Colombia was studied by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-eight volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (21.7%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%), and 6-demethoxy-ageratochrome (14%). The leaf oil presented antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves and flowers of Aloysia gratissima

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Santos ◽  
J.E.B.P. Pinto ◽  
S.K.V. Bertolucci ◽  
A.A. Alvarenga ◽  
M.N. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Type Apparatus

Volatile oils from leaves and flowers of Aloysia gratissima were investigated for their chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Bacilus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Candida albicans yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oils were determined by the micro-dilution method, while the chemical composition was determined by GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). The fresh leaves and inflorescence were subjected to hydrodistillation for 120 min using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the essential oil was tested against microorganisms. High concentrations of sesquiterpenes were observed for the inflorescence, and monoterpenes were observed for the leaves. The main compounds of the inflorescence essential oil were E-caryophyllene, germacrene B, guaiol and bulnesol, while in the leaves the main compounds were trans-pinocamphone, trans-pinocarveyl acetate, and guaiol. The essential oil from the leaves showed an effect against P. aeruginosa and S. pneumonia, and the essential oil of the inflorescence showed an effect against P. aeruginosa, S. pneumonia, and Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Phytolacca dodecandra Collected in Ethiopia

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondwosen Matebie ◽  
Wanchang Zhang ◽  
Guangbo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Phytolacca Dodecandra ◽  
The Difference

The essential oil from Phytolacca dodecandra, a traditional herb of Ethiopia, has been studied, including the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The difference between four P. dodecandra samples (P-1–P-4), which differed in gender or location, has also been analyzed. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation, while the aromas were extracted by head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and both were analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oils’ antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the microdilution method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Ninety one components, representing 88.37 to 94.01% of the aromas, were identified. The compositions of the aromas of four samples are mainly dominated by aldehydes and ketones: 2-nonanone (1.80–30.80%), benzaldehyde (4.99–25.99%), and sulcatone (2.34–5.87%). Sixty components representing 64.61 to 69.64% of the oils were identified, and phytone (3.04–21.23%), phytol (4.11–26.29%) and palmitic acid (1.49–23.87%) are the major compounds. No obvious antimicrobial activity was observed for all the four essential oils.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Malaysian Honey on Some Human Pathogens: an in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassanain AT ◽  
Alyaa AK ◽  
Karim AJ
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Broth Dilution

Introduction: Honey has potent bactericidal activity against many pathogenic organisms, including various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of Malaysian honey against different species of human pathogens using optimized honey broth media. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of honey against standard strains of Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria and yeast was tested in vitro by the broth dilution method using 10%-100% w/v concentrations prepared in tryptic soy broth. Results: Streptococcus pyogenes was the most sensitive pathogen, it was completely inhibited by 30% honey broth medium. The most resistant were E. faecalis, S. aureus and MRSA, but they were all completely inhibited by 80% honey broth medium. Conclusion: Honey is shown to possess antimicrobial activity against human Gram-positive and negative medically important bacteria.

scholarly journals Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Widelski ◽  
Konstantia Graikou ◽  
Christos Ganos ◽  
Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak ◽  
Ioanna Chinou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

As part of our ongoing research on phytoconstituents that can act as promising antimicrobial agents, the essential oils of nine selected Apiaceae plants, cultivated in Poland, were studied. The volatiles of the aerial parts with fruits (herba cum fructi) of Silaum silaus, Seseli devenyense, Seseli libanotis,Ferula assa-foetida, Glehnia littoralis and Heracleum dulce, in addition to the fruits (fructi) of Torilis japonica and Orlaya grandiflora as well as of the aerial parts (herba) of Peucedanum luxurians were investigated through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry to identify more than 60 different metabolites. The essential oils from S. devenyense, H. dulce, T. japonica and P. luxurians are reported for the first time. All examined species were also assayed for their antimicrobial activities against several human pathogenic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. The species H. dulce, S. devenyense and S. libanotis exerted the strongest antimicrobial activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria strains (MIC values 0.90–1.20 mg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to determine the antimicrobial activity of the above Apiaceae species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Components of the Essential Oils of Plants Used in the Traditional Medicine of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Puebla, México

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sebastián Candelaria-Dueñas ◽  
Rocío Serrano-Parrales ◽  
Marisol Ávila-Romero ◽  
Samuel Meraz-Martínez ◽  
Julieta Orozco-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Agar Dilution

In Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley (Mexico), studies have been carried out on the essential oils of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and it was found that they present compounds in common such as: α-pinene, β-pinene, carvacrol, eugenol, limonene, myrcene, ocimene, cineole, methyl salicylate, farnesene, and thymol. The goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of essential oils’ compounds. The qualitative evaluation was carried out by the Kirby Baüer agar diffusion technique in Gram-positive bacteria (11 strains), Gram-negative bacteria (18 strains), and yeasts (8 strains). For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the agar dilution method was used. All the evaluated compounds presented antimicrobial activity. The compounds eugenol and carvacrol showed the largest inhibition zones. Regarding yeasts, the compounds ocimene, cineole, and farnesene did not show any activity. The compounds eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol presented the lowest MIC; bactericidal effect was observed at MIC level for S. aureus 75MR, E. coli 128 MR, and C albicans CUSI, for different compounds, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol. Finally, this study shows that the essential oils of plants used by the population of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley share compounds and some of them have antibacterial and fungicidal activity.

scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Isolation of Dominant Volatile Compounds from Monofloral Greek Thyme Honey Using SPME-GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3612
Author(s):  
Marinos Xagoraris ◽  
Alexandra Skouria ◽  
Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽  
Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽  
Petros A. Tarantilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer ◽  
Thyme Honey

This study aimed at an experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek thyme honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, a multiple response optimization was employed using desirability functions, which demand a search for optimal conditions for a set of responses simultaneously. A test set of eighty thyme honey samples were analyzed under the optimum conditions for validation of the proposed model. The optimized combination of isolation conditions was the temperature (60 °C), equilibration time (15 min), extraction time (30 min), magnetic stirrer speed (700 rpm), sample volume (6 mL), water: honey ratio (1:3 v/w) with total desirability over 0.50. It was found that the magnetic stirrer speed, which has not been evaluated before, had a positive effect, especially in combination with other factors. The above-developed methodology proved to be effective in the optimization of isolation of specific volatile compounds from a difficult matrix, like honey. This study could be a good basis for the development of novel RSM for other monofloral honey samples.

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