scholarly journals Expanding the Role of Sub-Exploited DOE-High Energy Extraction and Metabolomic Profiling towards Agro-Byproduct Valorization: The Case of Carotenoid-Rich Apricot Pulp

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia Tsiaka ◽  
Charalambos Fotakis ◽  
Dimitra Z. Lantzouraki ◽  
Konstantinos Tsiantas ◽  
Eleni Siapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Branched Chain

Traditional extraction remains the method-of-choice for phytochemical analyses. However, the absence of an integrated analytical platform, focusing on customized, validated extraction steps, generates tendentious and non-reproducible data regarding the phytochemical profile. Such a platform would also support the exploration and exploitation of plant byproducts, which are a valuable source of bioactive metabolites. This study deals with the incorporation of (a) the currently sub-exploited high energy extraction methods (ultrasound (UAE)- and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), (b) experimental design (DOE), and (c) metabolomics, in an integrated analytical platform for the extensive study of plant metabolomics and phytochemical profiling. The recovery of carotenoids from apricot by-products (pulp) is examined as a case study. MAE, using ethanol as solvent, achieved higher carotenoid yields compared to UAE, where 1:1 chloroform-methanol was employed, and classic extraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic profiling classified extracts according to the variations in co-extractives in relation to the extraction conditions. Extracts with a lower carotenoid content contained branched-chain amino acids as co-extractives. Medium carotenoid content extracts contained choline, unsaturated fatty acids, and sugar alcohols, while the highest carotenoid extracts were also rich in sugars. Overall, the proposed pipeline can provide different the phytochemical fractions of bioactive compounds according to the needs of different industrial sectors (cosmetics, nutraceuticals, etc.).

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Photon-Branched Chain Reaction in a Chemically-Active Gas-Dispersed Medium

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Renat R. Letfullin ◽  
Thomas F. George ◽  
Galen C. Duree
Keyword(s):  
Active Medium ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dispersed Medium ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Promising Avenue

A promising avenue in the development of high-energy pulsed chemical HF/DF lasers and amplifiers is the utilization of a photon-branched chain reaction initiated in a two-phase active medium, that is, a medium containing a laser working gas and ultradispersed passivated metal particles. These particles are evaporated under the action of IR laser radiation which results in the appearance of free atoms, their diffusion into the gas, and the development of a photon-branching chain process, which involves photons as both reactants and products. The key obstacle here is the formation of a relatively large volume (in excess of 103 cm3) of the stable active medium and filling this volume homogeneously for a short time with a submicron monodisperse metal aerosol, which has specified properties. In this paper, results are presented for an extensive study of laser initiation of a photon-branched chain reaction in a gas-dispersed H2–F2 medium.

scholarly journals Citrus polymethoxyflavones attenuate metabolic syndrome by regulating gut microbiome and amino acid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. eaax6208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ling Zeng ◽  
Shang-Zhen Li ◽  
Ping-Ting Xiao ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Cai ◽  
Chu Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Branched Chain

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is intricately linked to dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. Here, we first find that a purified citrus polymethoxyflavone-rich extract (PMFE) potently ameliorates high-fat diet (HFD)–induced MetS, alleviates gut dysbiosis, and regulates branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomic profiling. The metabolic protective effects of PMFE are gut microbiota dependent, as demonstrated by antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT). The modulation of gut microbiota altered BCAA levels in the host serum and feces, which were significantly associated with metabolic features and actively responsive to therapeutic interventions with PMFE. Notably, PMFE greatly enriched the commensal bacterium Bacteroides ovatus, and gavage with B. ovatus reduced BCAA concentrations and alleviated MetS in HFD mice. PMFE may be used as a prebiotic agent to attenuate MetS, and target-specific microbial species may have unique therapeutic promise for metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Zita Letviany Sarungallo ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Risma Uli Situngkir ◽  
Mathelda Kurniaty Roreng ◽  
Meike Meilan Lisangan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.

Hard Arc-Sprayed Coating with Enhanced Erosion and Abrasion Wear Resistance

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wear Protection ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Impact Angles ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Abstract Exposed to particle erosion environments, metal-sprayed coatings are damaged by micro-machining and ploughing at low impact angles. The generation and propagation of subsurface lateral cracks at high impacting angles damage single-phase ceramic coatings. Therefore, multicomponent coatings deposited by high-energy processes have been widely used to provide wear protection in most of the applications. As commercial arc-sprayed coatings have been used to a limited extent in applications involving erosion and abrasion wear, developing attractive wear resistant arc-sprayed coatings has been found necessary. A cored wire formulation, referred to as Alpha-1800, has been developed to produce tailored arc-sprayed coatings that are tough enough to resist particle impacts at 90° and sufficiently hard to deflect eroding particles at low impact angles. Typical 1 mm-thick coatings composed of ductile and hard phases with Knoop hardness reaching 1800 kg/mm2 were easily produced by arc spraying the cored wire with air. Coatings were: 1) erosion tested at 25°C and higher temperatures at impact angles of 25° and 90° in a gas-blast erosion rig, 2) slurry erosion tested at impact angles of 25° and 90°, 3) abrasion wear tested using the ASTM G-65 test procedure. Results show that coatings produced with the new cored wire are at least 5 times more erosion resistant and 10 times more abrasion resistant than coatings produced by arc spraying commercial cored wires. The performance of the new arc-sprayed coating can be compared with that of high-energy WC-based coatings. Being thermally stable up to 850°C, arc-sprayed coatings produced with the new cored wire are attractive for applications in many industrial sectors up to high temperatures.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Leptin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Lipodystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivraj Grewal ◽  
Sriram Gubbi ◽  
Andin Fosam ◽  
Caroline Sedmak ◽  
Shanaz Sikder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Context and Objective Leptin treatment has dramatic clinical effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in leptin-deficient patients with lipodystrophy. Further elucidation of metabolic effects of exogenous leptin therapy will shed light on understanding leptin physiology in humans. Our objective was to utilize metabolomic profiling to examine the changes associated with administration of short-term metreleptin therapy in patients with lipodystrophy. Study Design We conducted a pre-post-treatment study in 19 patients (75% female) with varying forms of lipodystrophy (congenital generalized lipodystrophy, n = 10; acquired generalized lipodystrophy, n = 1; familial partial lipodystrophy, n = 8) who received daily subcutaneous metreleptin injections for a period of 16 to 23 weeks. A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the treatment period, and fasting blood samples were used for metabolomic profiling. The study outcome aimed at measuring changes in physiologically relevant metabolites before and after leptin therapy. Results Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in pathways involving branched-chain amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, protein degradation, urea cycle, tryptophan metabolism, nucleotide catabolism, vitamin E, and steroid metabolism. Fold changes in pre- to post-treatment metabolite levels indicated increased breakdown of fatty acids, branched chain amino acids proteins, and nucleic acids. Conclusions Leptin replacement therapy has significant effects on important metabolic pathways implicated in patients with lipodystrophy. Continued metabolomic studies may provide further insight into the mechanisms of action of leptin replacement therapy and provide novel biomarkers of lipodystrophy. Abbreviations: 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; 11βHSD1, 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; FFA, free fatty acid; GC-MS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; m/z, mass to charge ratio; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TDO, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Tradition Mills’ Picholine Olive Oil Physicochemical Characterization and Chemical Profiling across Different Cities in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hamza El Moudden ◽  
Yousra El Idrissi ◽  
Chakir El Guezzane ◽  
Walid Belmaghraoui ◽  
Adil El Yadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Olive Oils

This study aims to determine the quality of olive oils (Picholine variety) from the traditional oil mills in different Moroccan cities by means of physicochemical characterization and chemical compositions. All samples of olive oil were collected from traditional oil mills. Physicochemical analyses of free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), specific extinction at 232 and 270 (E232, E270), chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, fatty acids (FAs), and total phytosterols composition were performed with respect to the International Olive Council (IOC) standards. These oils were revealed to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs): C18 : 1, C18 : 2, and C18 : 3, and that the total phytosterols content ranged between 142.68 and 208.72 mg per 100 g of oil. Also, the chlorophyll contents, for most of the studied samples, are less than 2 mg/kg, while the carotenoid content varied between 0.13 and 0.63 mg/kg. These results, along with the physicochemical assays, helped classify the oils studied into three categories: extra virgin, virgin, and ordinary virgin olive oils. These results confirm that the conditions under which olive oils are collected, pressed, and stored influence the quality of the oil produced. Therefore, there is a need to inform producers about the correct practices and techniques for storage, processing, and conservation of oils to better improve the quality of the final product.

scholarly journals A Wave Energy Extraction System in Experimental Flume

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Qin Guodong ◽  
Pang Quanru ◽  
Chen Zhongxian
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Linear Generator ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Experimental Flume

Ocean wave energy is a high energy density and renewable resource. High power conversion rate is an advantage of linear generators to be the competitive candidates for ocean wave energy extraction system. In this paper, the feasibility of a wave energy extraction system by linear generator has been verified in an experimental flume. Besides, the analytical equations of heaving buoy oscillating in vertical direction are proposed, and the analytical equations are proved conveniently. What is more, the active power output of linear generator of wave energy extraction system in experimental flume is presented. The theoretical analysis and experimental results play a significant role for future wave energy extraction system progress in real ocean waves.

Comparison of Four Different Extraction Methods of Oil from Macadamia integrifolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3382-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Qing Zhu ◽  
Li Jing Lin ◽  
Ji Hua Li ◽  
Guo Ti Lv ◽  
Mao Fang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Macadamia Nut

Four different extraction methods, solvent extraction, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, were used to extract oil from Macadamia integrifolia, which also named Macadamia nut oil. Fatty acid compositions of Macadamia nut oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the highest extraction rate was 74.63% via Soxhlet extraction, while supercritical CO2 extraction was 70.53%, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was 57.19% and Solvent extraction was 50.37%. Six unsaturated fatty acids, including Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, E-9-Octadecenoic acid and 9-eicosenoate, were identified in the oil by GC-MS．The relative extraction rate of unsaturated fatty acids were 36.53%, 44.21%, 60.62%, 56.81%, respectively. Though the extraction rate was the highest via Soxhlet extraction, the relative content of Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were both higher extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction than Soxhlet extraction, which were 15.38% and 1.55%,. As supercritical CO2 extraction has no solvent residual problem, it would be the trend of the development inSubscript text the future to extract Macadamia nut oil.

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