scholarly journals Rapid Mass Spectrometric Study of a Supercritical CO2-extract from Woody Liana Schisandra chinensis by HPLC-SPD-ESI-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2689
Author(s):  
Mayya Razgonova ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Konstantin Pikula ◽  
Ekaterina Kim ◽  
Valery Chernyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Study ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Rapid Mass

Woody liana Schisandra chinensis contains valuable lignans, which are phenylpropanoids with valuable biological activity. Among green and selective extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was shown to be the method of choice for the recovery of these naturally occurring compounds. Carbon dioxide (CO2) was the solvent with the flow rate (10−25 g/min) with 2% ethanol as co-solvent. In this piece of work operative parameters and working conditions were optimized by experimenting with different pressures (200–400 bars) and temperatures (40–60 °C). The extraction time varied from 60 to 120 min. HPLC-SPD-ESI -MS/MS techniques were applied to detect target analytes. Twenty-six different lignans were identified in the S. chinensis SC-CO2 extracts.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Far East Sikhotinsky Rhododendron (Rh. sichotense) and East Siberian Rhododendron (Rh. adamsii) Using Supercritical CO2-Extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3774
Author(s):  
Mayya Razgonova ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Vasily Grudev ◽  
Kirill Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Co2 Flow

Rhododendron sichotense Pojark. and Rhododendron adamsii Rheder have been actively used in ethnomedicine in Mongolia, China and Buryatia (Russia) for centuries, as an antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, vitality-restoring agent. These plants contain various phenolic compounds and fatty acids with valuable biological activity. Among green and selective extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction has been shown to be the method of choice for the recovery of these naturally occurring compounds. Operative parameters and working conditions have been optimized by experimenting with different pressures (300–400 bar), temperatures (50–60 °C) and CO2 flow rates (50 mL/min) with 1% ethanol as co-solvent. The extraction time varied from 60 to 70 min. A HPLC-UV-VIS-ESI-MS/MS technique was applied to detect target analytes. A total of 48 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. adamsii SC-CO2 extracts. A total of 31 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. sichotense SC-CO2 extracts.

Carbon precursors of methane synthesis in the rumen of sheep dosed with ionophores

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
M. L. Loughnan ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Infusion Site ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Rates of methane (CH4) production and the sources of carbon (C) for its synthesis were studied in four mature ewes when dosed with a CH4-mitigating ionophore ICI-111075, or monensin, or when untreated. The sheep were given 700 g/day of chaffed lucerne hay in equal portions every hour, before and during experiments in which 14C-labelled NaHCO3–, acetate, propionate, lactate and formate were infused intraruminally over 12 h and the specific radioactivity of C (SR) in each of these substrates was determined. During these infusions, the SR of material in the primary pool (the tracer infusion site) and in secondary metabolites of this material (secondary pools) approached asymptotic or ‘plateau’ values. The rate of infusion of 14CH4 (kBq/day) divided by the plateau SR value (kBq/g C) gave estimates of the rate of irreversible loss of CH4 (g C/day). These calculations indicated that CH4 production rate was reduced by 72% when sheep were dosed with ICI-111075 and by 58% when dosed with monensin. With monensin, the reduction in CH4 production was not associated with hydrogen (H2) accumulation in the rumen headspace gases whereas with ICI-111075, the decrease in CH4 production was associated with marked H2 accumulation in the headspace gases. When plateau SR were attained during the tracer infusions, the percentage ratio, (SR in any secondary pool: SR in the primary pool) gave an estimate of the fraction of C in that secondary pool derived from material of the primary pool. Calculated in this way, the percentage of CH4-C derived from rumen fluid carbon dioxide (CO2) averaged 59% in untreated sheep, and when sheep were dosed with ICI-111075, the corresponding percentage averaged 12%. These findings indicate there are sources of C for rumen CH4 synthesis other than rumen fluid CO2. However, there was no evidence that C from acetate, propionate, lactate or formate in rumen fluid were direct sources of the unidentified CH4-C. One plausible explanation for these findings is that CH4 is synthesised within naturally occurring microbial biofilms (attached to feed particles or the rumen wall) from CO2 that is produced locally by fermentation of unlabelled substrates within the biofilms. It is postulated that such pools of CO2 would be kinetically distinct and, during the infusion of 14C-labelled substrates, would exhibit a lower SR than the CO2 in the surrounding rumen fluid.

Engineering Pipelines for Transportation of CO2 With Impurities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabe Nahas ◽  
Mo. Mohitpour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
North America ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) dates back to the early 1970’s with the construction of the Canyon Reef Carriers & Val Verde pipeline in Texas USA. Since that time about 7200 kilometers of CO2 pipeline have been built in North America (mostly in the USA), some in Asia (Turkey) and Africa and one offshore Europe. The experience of such pipelines is predominantly for the transportation of naturally occurring and relatively pure CO2 for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

PERANCANGAN PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN OTOMATIS PADA KAPAL BERBASIS ARDUINO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dody Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fire Extinguisher ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja salah satunya dapat terjadi di alat transportasi air yakni kapal. Kebakaran selalu menyebabkan hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan baik kerugian material maupun ancaman keselamatan jiwa manusia. Seiring dari kejadian tersebut musibah kecelakaan kapal yang disebabkan oleh bahaya kebakaran sangatlah mungkin terjadi. Salah satu yang dapat mencegah kejadian kebakaran pada kapal haruslah dapat mendeteksi dini kebakaran tersebut. Untuk mendeteksi dini terjadinya kebakaran dikapal maka dirancanglah sebuah alat proteksi kebakaran otomatisberbasis adruino. Dimana Arduino merupakan board yang memiliki sebuah mikrokontroller sebagai  otak kendali sistem. Sistem otomatisasi atau controller tidak akan terlepas dengan apa yang disebut  dengan ‘sensor’. Sensor adalah sebuah alat untuk mendeteksi atau mengukut sesuatu yang digunakan untuk mengubah variasi mekanis, magnetis, panas, sinar dan kimia menjadi tegangan dan arus listrik. sistem yang dirancang ini dilengkapi dengan beberapa sensor diantaranya adalah sensor apiUV-Tron R2868, sensor asap MQ-2 dan kemudian sensor suhuDS18B20. Mikrokontroller sebagai pengendali akan merespon input yang berupa sensor tersebut ketika data yang dibaca oleh sensor mendeteksikebakaran diantaranya mendeteksi adanya asap, kemudian api dan suhu. Sebagai output dari sistem berupa racun api (fire extinguisher)dimana kandungan yang ada pada racun api tersebut berupa Dry Chemical Powder dan Carbon Dioxide (CO2) yang fungsinya digunakan untuk memadamkan api serta dilengkapi buzzer sebagai alarm peringatan jika terjadi kebakaran. 

The Prenatal Development Effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Exposure in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Howard ◽  
Brian Wong ◽  
Michelle Okolica ◽  
Kimberly S. Bynum ◽  
R. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Physiology of Intraluminal Administration of Carbon Dioxide as a Contrast Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (44) ◽  
pp. 4656-4661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Patelis ◽  
Mikes Doulaptsis ◽  
Stylianos Kykalos ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Anastasios Maskanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agent ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) exists in nature around us. In the middle of the 20th century, the intraluminal injection of CO2 demonstrated similar results to those of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) with an iodinated contrast agent (ICA). Since then, the technology behind CO2 DSA has developed significantly. Objective: The aim of this study is to inform physicians about the unique properties of CO2 and its physiology after intraluminal injection. Methods: An extensive search for English literature on the properties of CO2 and the physiology of intraluminal administration was conducted using Pubmed. Results: There is sufficient literature on the properties of CO2 and the physiology of CO2 DSA. A review of this literature explains what happens to the human organism after the injection of CO2. Conclusions: There is enough evidence that CO2 DSA is both effective, diagnostic and safe, but the properties of CO2 should be taken under consideration as complications occur, although rarely.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tassahil Messas ◽  
Achraf Messas ◽  
George Kroumpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level I ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.

scholarly journals Unveiling Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol Diffusion in Carbonated Water-Ethanol Mixtures by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Khaireh ◽  
Marie Angot ◽  
Clara Cilindre ◽  
Gérard Liger-Belair ◽  
David A. Bonhommeau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Hydrodynamic Radius ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Apparent Disagreement

The diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol (EtOH) is a fundamental transport process behind the formation and growth of CO2 bubbles in sparkling beverages and the release of organoleptic compounds at the liquid free surface. In the present study, CO2 and EtOH diffusion coefficients are computed from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared with experimental values derived from the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation on the basis of viscometry experiments and hydrodynamic radii deduced from former nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. These diffusion coefficients steadily increase with temperature and decrease as the concentration of ethanol rises. The agreement between theory and experiment is suitable for CO2. Theoretical EtOH diffusion coefficients tend to overestimate slightly experimental values, although the agreement can be improved by changing the hydrodynamic radius used to evaluate experimental diffusion coefficients. This apparent disagreement should not rely on limitations of the MD simulations nor on the approximations made to evaluate theoretical diffusion coefficients. Improvement of the molecular models, as well as additional NMR measurements on sparkling beverages at several temperatures and ethanol concentrations, would help solve this issue.

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