scholarly journals Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and GC-MS Analysis of Keladi Candik (Alocasia longiloba Miq)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferid Abdulhafiz ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Fatimah Kayat ◽  
Matcha Bhaskar ◽  
Zulhazman Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ic50 Value

Alocasia longiloba, locally known as ‘Keladi Candik’, has been used traditionally to treat wounds, furuncle and joint inflammations. A. longiloba can be a new source of herbal medicine against hyperuricemia by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme, the enzyme which is responsible for the development of hyperuricemia in human. Existing xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI drugs) show several side effects on gout patients. Therefore, an alternative herbal medicine from plants, with high therapeutic property and free of side effects, are greatly needed. This study was conducted to evaluate XO inhibitory activity, chemical composition, antioxidant activity and GC-MS profile of A. longiloba. Our results showed that ethanolic petiole extract exhibited the highest XO inhibitory activity (70.40 ± 0.05%) with IC50 value of 42.71 μg/mL, followed by ethanolic fruit extracts (61.44 ± 1.24%) with the IC50 value of 51.32 μg/mL. In a parallel study, the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoids, glycoside and saponin in petiole and fruit extracts, as well as higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and strong scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assay. The GC-MS analysis of fruit and petiole extracts revealed the presence of various compounds belonging to different chemical nature, among them are limonen-6-ol, α-DGlucopyranoside, paromomycin, aziridine, phenol, Heptatriacotanol, Phen-1,2,3-dimethyl and Betulin found in ethanolic fruit extract, and Phen-1,4-diol,2,3-dimethyl-, 1-Ethynyl-3,trans(1,1-dimethylethyl), Phenol,2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- and 7-Methyl-Z-tetradecen-1-olacetate found in ethanolic petiole extract. Some compounds were documented as potent anti-inflammatory and arthritis related diseases by other researchers. In this study, the efficiency of solvents to extract bioactives was found to be ethanol > water, methanol > hexane > chloroform. Together, our results suggest the prospective utilization of fruit and petiole of A. longiloba to inhibit the activity of XO enzyme.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study between Plant and Callus Extracts of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic and Anti-Proliferative Activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
A. Ayisha Sireen ◽  
J. Anbumalarmathi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Abutilon indicum is consider to be used in the traditional system of medicine. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used to treat various diseases. This plant does not cause any side effects to humans. As the plant has wide variety of medicinal properties, the present study aimed to comparative between plant and callus extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) sweet for antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic and anti- proliferative activity. The highest percentage of callus induction (89.50%) and callus weight (1.26 g) was observed in T5 (MS + 2, 4-D (2.5 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l) and T8 [IBA (4 mg/l)] respectively. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum in vivo plant and in vitro grown callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and coumarin. The total phenolic content was high in aqueous extract of callus (30.68 mg TAE/g). Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in aqueous extract of callus (86%) with IC50 value of 68.49 µg/ml. FT-IR analysis of aqueous extract of A. indicum plant and callus showed the presence of characteristic stretching at 2930.28 and 2927.75 indicating the presence of C-H stretching respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in ethyl acetate plant extract, whereas 7 compounds in ethyl acetate callus extract such as tetradecane, 1-chloro, Sulfurous acid 2-prophytridecyl ester and 1- ethyl-3-[2-(octadecylthio) ethyl] thiourea. The ethyl acetate extracts of callus and plant and was found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis (3.1 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 mm). Maximum α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in aqueous callus extract (32.65%) with IC50 value of 833.61 µg/ml. HeLa cell viability was found to be 26.8% and 21.8% in plant and callus extract respectively.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr.

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2964-2968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutthamon Prajudtasri ◽  
Mongkol Nontakitticharoen ◽  
Sujint Anguravirutt
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Seed Extracts

The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).

scholarly journals Optimization of total phenolic contents, antioxidant, and in-vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of sunflower head

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshad Mehmood ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq ◽  
Bushra Safdar ◽  
Chengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

Deinbollia pinnata: Isolation and Characterization of Some Phytochemicals from Aerial Parts and their Antioxidant Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakubu Rufai ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Aliyu Sani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Ferric Ion ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ic50 Value

Background: Deinbollia pinnata belonging to Sapindaceae family are known as medicinal plants for the treatment of human diseases. Because of human over-exploitation, the choice of phytochemicals re-search and screening was basically made to add to the available compounds and ethno-medicinal records. Objective: To investigate phytochemicals and their antioxidant activities. Method: Antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) activities; phytochemical contents (Folin Ciocalteaus’s (FC) and aluminum chloride) methods; and phytochemical analysis were employed. Successful characterization of isolates using spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and GC-MS analysis). Results: Alkaloid, simple sugar, phenolics, tannins and steriods were present in all the parts. Saponin, terpenes and flavonoids were found in both leaves and root bark, while root bark and heartwood possessed quinones. The methanol extracts demonstrated total phenolic content at 75. 9 ± 2.05 GAE (mg GAE/g dw) and total flavonoid content at 88.41 ± 0.56 QUE (mg QUE/g dw). The plant extracts showed good DPPH scavenging activity with percentage inhibition more than 70% at 125 ppm. The methanol extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity towards ABTS assay with the IC50 value of 13.68 µg/mL. The extracts also exhibited the most potent ferric ion reducer at 3.45 ± 1.30 mM FRAP equivalent. Methyl gallate (2) displayed the highest antioxidant radical scavenging activity towards DPPH assay with the IC50 value of 0.19 µg/mL and pyrogallol (4) showed the highest ABTS activity with the SC50 value of 7.44 µg/mL. While, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) also showed the potential as ferric ion reducer ranging from 0.67± 0.01 to 3.63±0.12 mM FRAP equivalent respectively. Conclusion: Based on the antioxidant activity, methanolic extracts and its isolated constituents can be used as antioxidant sources for the management of oxidative causative diseases. Being the first report of these phytochemicals from genius Deinbollia and specie pinnata.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of essential oil from rhizomes of Distichochlamys benenica

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (1D) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi Nhu Hoang ◽  
Thanh Thu Thi Dinh ◽  
Ty Viet Pham ◽  
Hien Bich Thi Le ◽  
Duc Viet Ho
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value

Twenty-seven constituents were identified by using GC/MS, representing 99.57% of the rhizome oil of Distichochlamys benenica. The major constituents of the essential oil are 1,8-cineole (54.39%), β-pinene (7.50%), (E)-citral (7.26%), and (Z)-citral (6.79%). The rhizome essential oil has anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with an IC50 value of 136.63 ± 2.70 mg/mL.

Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Properties of Aqueous Methanol Extraction of Nephelium mutabile (Pulasan) Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Nephelium mutabile is a tropical plant of Sapindaceae family which originated from the Malay Peninsula and used in traditional medicine. This study focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Nephelium mutabile leaves. The aqueous methanol (80%) crude extract of Nephelium mutabile leaves were fractionated via gravity column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. A total of 17 fractions were obtained from column chromatography and subsequently pooled together to yield eight fractions. The pooled fractions were examined for their antioxidant properties via DPPH assay, Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and tested for anti-diabetic properties using alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay. DPPH assay showed that fraction 8 has the highest free radical scavenging activity (EC50 =88.0 μg/mL) followed by fraction 7 (EC50 =225.0 μg/mL). Fraction 8 showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content (221.1 μg GAE/mg, 222.4 μg QE/mg) respectively followed by fraction 7 (166.5 μg GAE/mg, 213.9 μg QE/mg) respectively. The most potent alpha-amylase inhibitory activity is observed in fraction 8 with an IC50 value of (41.0 μg/mL) followed by fraction 7 (90.6 μg/mL). In the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, fraction 8 with IC50 value 160.0 μg/mL followed by fraction 7 with IC50 value 50.6 μg/mL showed the best inhibition activity. In conclusion, Nephelium mutabile leaves showed potential antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties and fractions 8 and 7 should be the focus of future studies.

scholarly journals α-Amylase Inhibition, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Rajendra Gyawali ◽  
Bijay Bhattarai ◽  
Susan Bajracharya ◽  
Surakshya Bhandari ◽  
Puja Bhetwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Loaded Column ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Introduction: Antioxidant and α-Amylase inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand leaves were evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. The extract was fractionated in Silica gel loaded column chromatography (CC). All fractions were evaluated for their purity by TLC. Out of 11 fractions from CC, one fraction was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was found satisfactory (IC50268.80 µg/ml) as compared with ascorbic acid (141.82 µg/ml). TLC of a fractions showed a compound at Rf value at 0.45 in toluene: chloroform: methanol with mobile phase ratio 7:2:1 respectively. Conclusions: Total 17 compounds were identified by GC-MS of ethyl acetate fraction and 5-hydroxyl methyl furfural was major furan compound (59.49%). α-Amylase inhibitory activity of the same fraction showed IC50 value of 0.94 mg/ ml. The Nepalese originated C. gigentea (L.) Dryand possesses antioxidant and α-Amylase inhibitory property.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity Of Methanolic Leaf Extracts Of CalophyllumBlancoi (Bitaog), Diospyrospilosanthera (Bolongeta) and SyzygiumCumini (Duhat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Jan Asuncion ◽  
Mariane May Domingo ◽  
Rave Harvey Sienna ◽  
ZhaineMarille Villa ◽  
Jennifer Anne Loyola
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Gout is characterized as an inflammation and warmth in the joints. It is associated with hyperuricemia wherein an upregulation of xanthine oxidase in purine degradation leads to increased levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout is not fatal. However, it affects one’s quality of life. Thus, this research primarily focuses in determining the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase in the methanolic leaf extract of bitaog (Calophyllumblancoi), bolongeta (Diospyrospilosanthera), and duhat (Syzygiumcumini) in gout. A quantitative-experimental research method was used in the study and the data were obtained by measuring the percent inhibition of the samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 290 nm. The results showed that the methanolic leaf extract of above stated plants exhibited exemplary inhibition in comparison with the standard drug, allopurinol. The IC50  value determines the ability of the inhibitor to decrease the biotransformation of a substrate. The principle behind IC50 is, the lower the value the higher the inhibition. The bitaog (Calophyllumblancoi) trials have the lowest IC50 value with an average of 124.3 after the standard drug, followed by bolongeta (Diospyrospilosanthera) have an average of 155.3 IC50 value. Then duhat (Syzygiumcumini) showed the highest IC50 an average of 208.8. The bitaog (Calophyllumblancoi), next to allopurinol, showed the highest inhibition among all the extracts followed by the bolongeta (Diospyrospilosanthera). The least inhibitory activity was observed in duhat (Syzygiumcumini). Hence, it can be concluded that bitaog (Calophyllumblancoi), bolongeta (Diospyrospilosanthera), and duhat (Syzygiumcumini) can inhibit xanthine oxidase using in vitro analysis.

Phytochemical analysis, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and ferric reducing power of extracts from roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
M.S. Mpopo ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Searsia burchellii has therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to analyse the phytochemical profiles, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and ferric reducing power of various extracts from roots and leaves of S. burchellii collected from the kingdom of Lesotho. A combination of maceration, hot solvent extraction and solvent-solvent partition techniques were used to obtain methanolic extracts, fractions such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol/water from methanolic extracts and water extracts separately from the roots and leaves of S. burchellii. The presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and phlobatannins were identified from these extracts/fractions. The TPC of these extracts/fractions was found to be in the range of 3.22±0.37 to 247.46±4.33 mg TAE/g DW, respectively. The TFC of these extracts/fractions was found to be in the range of 34.70±4.31 to 278.20±2.01 mg QE/g DW, respectively. Additionally, these extracts/fractions showed a moderate to strong ferric reducing power compared to ascorbic acid. The IC50 values were found to be in the range of 5.35-143.12 and 65.64-348.28 µg/mL for extracts/fractions from the roots and leaves, respectively. Ascorbic acid showed an IC50 value of 20.93 µg/mL. Therefore, the extracts/fractions from S. burchellii have the potential to replace the existing synthetic antioxidants

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5-benzyl-3-pyridyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Song-Ye Li ◽  
Ting-Jian Zhang ◽  
Qing-Xia Wu ◽  
Kamara M. Olounfeh ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Molecular Modelling Studies ◽  
Modelling Studies

Background: Topiroxostat is an excellent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, possessing a specific 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-triazole framework. Objective: The present work was aimed to investigate the preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-cyanopyridine-4-yl-like fragments of topiroxostat analogues. Methods: A series of 5-benzyl-3-pyridyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives (1a-j and 2a-j) were designed and synthesized by replacement of the 2-cyanopyridine-4-yl moiety with substituted benzyl groups. XO inhibitory activity in vitro was evaluated. Furthermore, molecular modeling simulations were performed to predict the possible interactions between the synthesized compounds and XO binding pocket. Results: The SARs analysis demonstrated that 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-triazole framework is not essential; in spite of its lower potency, 5-benzyl-3-pyridyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole is an acceptable scaffold for XO inhibitory activity to some extent. A 3′-nitro and a 4′-sec-butoxy group link to the benzyl moiety will be welcome. Furthermore, the most promising compound, 1h, was identified with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM, and the basis of XO inhibition by 1h was rationalized through the aid of molecular modelling studies. Conclusion: Compound 1h could be a lead compound for further investigation and the present work may provide some insight into the search for more structurally diverse XO inhibitors with topiroxostat as a prototype.

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